Grigory Potemkin: biography da kuma ban sha'awa facts na rayuwa

A cikin tarihin kasar mu rasa abin ƙi mutane, halaye da ya rage rigima to wannan rana. Don wadanda damuwarsu, da kuma Grigory Potemkin. A ambaci sunan mutumin da farko jam'iyya da ya auku a cikin talakawan Rasha ne "Potemkin kauyuka". An kullum imani da cewa shi ne synonymous tare da grand tarihi farce da yin riya cewa Gregory "splurge" Empress Catherine kuma ta waje baƙi. A nan ne kawai 'yan mutane san abin da shi ne, to sa shi mai laushi, ba gaba ɗaya ƙarya.

Wannan ne evidenced akalla da cewa 'yan kasashen waje, waɗanda a zamanin da a low ra'ayi na kasar mu, sun yarda da cewa Grigory Potemkin yi kome domin New Rasha da Crimea, fiye da kowa. Kuma babu sarcasm a cikin kalmomi ya ba: suka gaske da aka mamakin da sikelin da aiki da kuma rakiyar kokarin da aka fi so daga cikin Empress. Duk da so ga alatu da kuma sauran abubuwa na "kyakkyawan rayuwa", wannan mutum ya iya aiki da kuma ya aikata shi brilliantly!

tarihi shawara

Tarihi - "lady" capricious da kuma azzãlumai. Kamar zaton: wannan Pyrrhus, talented da kuma na fasaha kwamandan, ya kasance a cikin memory daga zurriyar kawai a matsayin m shugaban, "barjat, maƙiyi jiki." Kuma ba shi ba ya tuna cewa Pierre kansa da wani low ra'ayi na su lashe da nasara. Kuma Grigory Potemkin. Duk da dukan ayyukansa, domin a ɗaukaka Rasha, mun yi tunani game da shi kawai a cikin ribald barkwanci.

Nan da nan recollected al'amarinsa da Catherine, craving ga alatu da kuma duk wannan rashin lafiya-fated kauyen ... A gaskiya, Gregory ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi talented shirya na cewa lokaci tare da qasashen kyauta da kuma a bainar jama'a a gwamnati basira. Kawai sa, mutumin da ya kasance gaske mai girma. Wuya, da su quirks, amma ta shortcomings ne mai ma'ana ci gaba da nasa undoubted isa yabo. Saboda haka ko son game da yare na biyu zuwa wasu masana tarihi, da abin tunawa Grigoriyu Potemkinu an tashe riƙa? Babu, ba shakka. Prince kuma da gaske ya cancanci duk da accolades kuma regalia. Don ganin wannan, mu kawai bukatar sani da manyan turakun da ya biography.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

An haife shi a Smolensk lardin. Wurin haihuwa - wani karamin kauye Chizhov. Wannan ya faru 13 (24) a cikin watan Satumba 1739. Uba ya Aleksandr Vasilevich Potomkin, mai ritaya manyan. Halinsa ya kasance, kamar yadda yake a yanzu m zuwa ce, "babu sugar". Wannan gaske abin da ya ke gama ɗan ba kare, don haka shi ne doke, wanda ya da wata halitta sakamakon wani tashin hankali fushi, da kuma craving for sha. Abin farin Gregory, ci gaba duk da wannan ne kawai up zuwa shekaru bakwai, sa'an nan mahaifinsa shũɗe.

Uwa, Daria V., kokarin da wuya a garkuwa da dansa daga sharrin rinjayar da mahaifinsa da kullum a gare shi ya shiga, dalilin da ya sa shi ya akai-akai bit. Kuma saboda bayan mutuwar Alexander Vasilyevich dukan iyalin yayi ajiyar zuci da taimako. Potemkin koma Moscow, kuma a cikin da yawa hanyoyi wannan ne saboda da sha'awar bayar da mafi kyau ilimi zuwa Gregory. Sa'an nan, saboda yanayin da yaro ke so ba quite cika. Duk da haka, gaya maka kome domin.

dalibi

Daga wani sosai matasa, shekaru Grigory Potemkin yana da matukar peculiar hali: ya zahiri zo a kan ra'ayin cewa da hankalin shi da ya yi aiki, a kan shi kusan a kusa da nan kowane lokaci, amma kamar yadda sauri zuwa ta kuma girma sanyi. Duk da haka, mafi yawan su fitattu, har yanzu ya kammala. A musamman, na sanya kowane kokarin ga nasara. Yana kuwa ba a banza - a 1755, ya zama dalibi a Moscow University, da kuma kawai wani shekara daga baya matasa Gregory samu kyautar zinare "Ga nasarori a da karatu."

A waɗannan kwanaki, hakika, yana da wani bajimi fitarwa daga abin yabo. Duk abin ishãra zuwa gaskiya cewa jerin manyan malaman na Rasha kimiyya zai kasance shigar da sabon sunan. Idan da ya kasance da gaske saboda haka, babu shakka, Potemkin lalle ne, haƙĩƙa iya zama wani fitaccen masanin kimiyyar. Wa ya sani, watakila mu rasa wani University ...

A shekara daga baya da shi a cikin wani rukuni na 12 mafi kyau dalibai gabatar da Alisabatu. Wannan kawai duk ya tafi daidai ba ... kawai shekaru uku bayan da aka fitar da shi da "kasala da halartar laccoci." Kuma domin kyawawan dalilai. Bayan duk, ya yi duk makings zama luminary na kimiyya. Just a wannan lokaci a nan kusa ba guda reputable shawarta wanda zai nuna da kuskure na ayyukansa. A lokaci guda Gregory nuna kansa da wani model dan: Tunawa da wahalhalu na uwa, wanda stung ya fitar, ya daga baya buga fitar da wata daraja maxaukakiya farka domin ta. Duk da haka, yayin da wannan bazai tambaya. Sun "mediocrity" da aka jiran sojojin Rasha State.

Kishi da kuma m surprises

All Sahaban ce cewa daya daga cikin babban rashin Potemkin ya girman kai, wani lokacin juya cikin wani bude girman kai da kuma girman kai. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance ba dole ba ne da mummunan abu: calmly samu ya sallama, sai nan da nan ya yanke shawarar shiga jirgin ruwa a kan wani soja hanya. A wannan lokaci akwai riga wani irin analogue na soja sashen, kuma saboda jiya ta dalibai sun riga ƙa'ida da aka dauke shi aikin soja, kuma ya dauki mai aiki soja. Shi ne mai kyau tutu domin kara aiki!

Saboda haka, a cikin 1761, ya rike mukamin saja, yayin da ba su bauta guda daga yini. A daidai wannan lokaci, wani tsohon dalibi zo zuwa St. Petersburg da kuma shi ne a cikin rajimanti. Kamanninsa haka m cewa shi nan da nan sanya wani ma'ana a Field Marshal Georga Lyudviga (Duke na Schleswig-Holstein).

conspirator

Duk da dumi liyafar a cikin sojojin, Gregory lanci ba m ji mata tausayin tanƙwasawa kwamandan, Peter III, wanda ya riga ya gudanar ya ba ka ƙasar yalwa shayar da jinin Rasha sojoji, ya gunki Frederick. Kuma cewa shi backfired a cika: sojojin Rasha jihar gafarta irin wannan cin amana kawai iya ba. Ba mamaki, da Potemkin saukin shiga da darajõji daga cikin 'yan maƙarƙashiya. Rãnar da juyin mulki, Yuni 28, 1762, ya juyo a cikin rabo na ba kawai Rasha, amma kuma na saja. Catherine II nan da nan na son wannan kyau da kyau.

Ba kamar su "abokan aiki" a cikin mãkirci, wanda samar kawai wani ƙaho, nan gaba dattaku da zarar nada biyu leftana. A general, shi ne guda kamar yadda idan a yau Saje da rana ya zama wata babbar. An wannan al'amari an soki masana tarihi, saboda wannan dalilin, ya wata rana samun mai yawa na abokan gaba. Ko da yake, a nan gaba Earl daga wani abu ba daidai ba ba gani, domin ya girman kai tsananin sonta take daga farga ta exclusivity.

Fargaba da kuma ƙarfin hali

Duk da haka, a wannan lokaci, Potemkin iya ba mafarkin wani more ni'imar da Empress. Da cewa shi ya fi so na Count Orlov, da kuma gasa ya iya ba kawai tare da shi. Duk da a kawo ta sabis insignia da kuma lambobin yabo, Gregory hankali ya fara girma sanyi ga ta zama. A wancan lokaci, akwai kusan mai ban mamaki da ya faru: Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich kusa su zama wani m! Ya yi dogon tauhidin tattaunawa tare da ministocin na coci, bugawa da su tare da ilmi, da kuma tsanani shirya don cika alkawuransu. Amma sa'an nan gaba Rasha-Turkish yaki.

"Jahilci, amma immensely jarumi"

A 1769, wani matashi Major General (shekaru tara !!!) ke yaki a matsayin mai sa kai. Ya aiki hali kawai ba zai iya wuce har irin wannan damar tabbatar da kansa. Oddly isa, amma m magoya kuma masu kiyayya Potemkin ce wannan abu: "Yaya janar shi - wani komai a wurin, amma tare da immensely m, kuma bai taba rasa ƙarfin hali da yaƙi."

Ya hau a cikin wuraren da ya yi daidai da kõme ba, kuma a lokaci guda ruining mutane, amma ya yi yaƙi da su gefe da gefe da kuma taba boye a baya sojojin. Potemkin dauki bangare a kusan dukan ƙasar yaƙi.

Hakika, akwai hasashe cewa Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich (yiwu) sosai gwarzo ya ba, kuma ya shahara - sakamakon laudatory rahotanni a kan Catherine sunan. Ko da yake wannan ne mai wuya: ya ƙarfin hali a ce ko da mafi mũnin makiya. Hakika, wannan ba ya gaskata da ba dole ba kuma sau da yawa wawa hasãra.

fi so

A 1774, Potemkin zo zuwa kotu kan fikafikan ɗaukaka. Eagles a lokacin da ya rigaya a wulãkantuwa, kuma domin da kotun sauri akwai wani sabon fi so na Catherine. Gregory sauri samun muƙamin na count da kuma daraja da Janar-in-Chief.

Masana tarihi har yanzu jayayya game da yadda nisa da dangantakar Potemkin da Catherine. Akwai version cewa ko da 'yar Elizabeth daga su dangantaka.

Wai da yarinya da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga ilimi daga cikin mafi kusa zumunta na sabuwar halitta jadawali. Sunanta ya Temkin, kamar yadda hadisin na waɗanda shekara ce, cewa shege yara ya kamata a bai wa mahaifinsa da sunan, shan tafi daga karshen na farko syllable. Amma sun iyayenta Grigory Potemkin da Catherine?

"Was akwai wani yaron? .."

A Tretyakov Gallery yana da wani hoto na wannan mace, don haka da cewa ta zama babu savani. Mahaifinta iya da kyau a Gregory, amma idan ta ga uwar Catherine? Gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da aka haifi Elizabeth ta kasance riga shekaru 45 da haihuwa, har ma ga wannan lokaci ba dace da mahara haihuwar, har ma a kwanakin nan shi ne wani abu iya tsammani ba. Duk abin da ya, amma a waɗannan shekaru da rabo daga Potemkin da Catherine sun mafi amintacce.

A nan ina so in yi daya digression. A Empress a rayuwar ta kasance mai yawa favorites da confidants. Amma duk da su, bayan ya rasa alherin da m, sa'an nan ya tafi zuwa ga inuwa, da kuma riga ya aikata kanta ba tunãwa. Potemkin, ko ana cire daga kotu, har yanzu taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin gwamnatin, sabili da haka m ya yi hukunci da shi ne kawai ta fuskar wani talented courtier.

Construction na New Rasha

A 1776, wani protege na Empress samu wani aiki na kasa muhimmancin: yi tsari na New Rasha, Azov, sauran ƙasar a cikin wadanda sassa. Kusan duk sun yarda da cewa Prince Grigory Potemkin Tauride kai a cikin wannan filin da m nasara. Masana tarihi yi imani da cewa da ya yi da kudu na kasar mu fiye da Bitrus I a Arewa Territory (debatable, kamar yadda Bitrus ya yi aiki a karkashin wuya sosai yanayi). Ya kafa da yawa garuruwa da kauyuka, inda kawai jiya share raka'a makiyaya, da kuma a can ya zama ba fãce daji steppe ciyawa.

Duk da haka, ya aka yaushe tunani game da girman su da kasar, Hatching da tsare-tsaren don kammala danniya na Turkey da kuma sabuntawa na haihuwa Byzantine Empire karkashin mulkin daya daga cikin zuriyar Catherine II. A shirin da aka ba a aiwatar ba, amma da ra'ayin da annexation na Crimea da aka aiwatar a full. Akwai ya ci gaba da aikinsa a karfafa Rasha ta kan iyakoki, da kafa birnin da sansanin soja. A musamman, shi ne wanda ya aza birnin Kherson, Odessa da sauransu.

Girman kai da kuma alatu

Shi ba zai zama superfluous zuwa ce cewa craving for alatu Duke ya gaske abin ba'a. A musamman, ya hat ya haka nauyi a kan kayan ado da kawa wadda ta yi a ta makamai don gudanar da ma'ana. Ko a lokacin da Catherine kanta da kuma baƙi fĩfĩta predstavat ga jama'a a cikin sauki farauta jacket, Potemkin zauna gaskiya ga kansa, tsanin dukan waɗanda ba luster zinariya da lu'ulu'u. A wannan hali ne bayyanannu a cikin gine-gine da kayayyaki na Potemkin: wannan birni Kherson aka asali juna biyu a kan irin wannan sikelin cewa har ma da na zamani Moscow iya shi a wani abu to hãsadar. A yi, shi ba zai iya yi a cikin goma na shirin.

"Dust a cikin idanu," ko gaskiya?

A 1787, Catherine yanke shawarar girmama da hankali Crimea. Potemkin, wanda ya riga ya samu daraja kamar yadda Field Marshal, ba zai wuce har irin wannan fice damar sake zuwa tunatar da kaina. Saboda haka cewa "Potemkin kauyen", ko da yake ba a cikin nau'i na abin da muka yi magana a yau, da gaske suke. Sake - sun kasance quite real, manoma da gaske ya rayu har abada a cikin wadannan matsugunai, amma ba tare da ya dace kewaye da kuma kauce wa dole ba luxuries Gregory fili iya ba. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, kuma akwai magana game da wani farce da kuma "unreality" gani da Catherine kuma ta waje baƙi.

'Yan mutane sani, amma daga lokacin da ya ziyarci da Empress Crimea Ya halitta na musamman "kamfanin na Amazon," wanda ya] auki na musamman daga cikin' yan matan da daraja jini. Da sauƙi, bayan tashi daga Catherine shi aka wargaza rundunar, kamar yadda Potemkin gane daidai da cikakkar yasassar magana irin wannan soja samuwar a kan wani real yaki. All guda suna, "Field Marshal," ya kasance ba kawai saboda tausayawa da na Empress. Duk da yake duk gane cewa juz'i na aikin yi a fi so daga cikin Empress, da gaske ban mamaki, don haka sauki ya gafarta masa irrepressible craving for alatu da kuma ƙawa.

Tabbatacce kuma korau

A dozin manyan da kuma ashirin da kananan tasoshin halshen wani babban wasan wuta nuni, wanda ya zama apotheosis na Catherine ta kai ziyara a tsibirin. Wannan rundunar motoci, abin da ya bayyana kashe bakin tekun na Crimea daga bakin ciki iska, musamman kadu da 'yan kasashen waje, suka yi tare da Empress.

Mutane da yawa Sahaban da kuma masana tarihi yi imani da cewa, ingancin gina wadannan jiragen ruwa wani "numfashin-shan". Haka ne, shi ne gaskiya, amma a lokacin na gaba yaki da Turkey, wadannan jiragen ruwa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa, duk da dukan da shortcomings. Sai bayan wannan Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich, wanda biography aka tattauna a cikin wannan labarin, hukumance samu title of "Tauride", denoting ta yi fice a nasarori a cikin cin gaban sabuwar asashe.

Wani mummunan yanayin halinsa ya kasance da rashin iyawa don samun tare da sauran manyan for Rasha mutane. An sani cewa Potemkin Suvorov iya tsayawa ba, kuma da girmama kwamandan ce guda kamar yadda ya fito fili ya ƙi girman kai da kuma girman kai. Bugu da kari, dole ne ya san cewa Grigory Potemkin sau da yawa ascribes ga kansa gudunmawar da ya bayar hanyar filin.

Ko da yake akwai Suvorov dalilin da ya girmama detractors: shi ne godiya ga Potemkin Rasha sojojin karshe samu kawar da m Prussian al'adunmu a cikin wani nau'i na hular gashi, curls da braids, wanda ya yi yau da kullum dress code shi ne sauƙin kuma mafi m. Wannan ƙwarai facilitates aiki na soja. A karshe, a lokacin da shi ya halartar Rasha sojojin doki Yuan, kamar yadda ya yi da yawa domin ci gaba da wannan irin sojojin. Wannan aikin haifa 'ya'yan itace a 1812, lokacin da ya sojan doki zama babban mai daukan hankali da karfi a kan invading sojojin na Napoleon.

Har ila yau, babban kwamandan yarda cewa Potemkin - mai girma Oganeza a raya. Karkashin sojojinsa taba sani na matsaloli da dace bayarwa na kayayyaki, da makamai da kuma duk abin da ya cancanta. Saboda haka Prince Grigory Potemkin gaske jin dadin da girmamawa ko da daga maƙiyansa (wanda rauni sama kawai saboda girman kai da kuma girman kai na wasu).

Opal da kuma kau da

Career courtier - m abu. Na koyi da wannan kuma mu gwarzo, a lokacin da ya juya zuwa ga kotun kusata da matasa Plato Zurabov. Wannan mutumin ya ba kawai ƙaramin Potemkin, amma ba kasa mai hazaka Oganeza. A kwanaki na haihuwa favorites aka ƙidaya. Zurabov ba ya so ya sanya sama da akai gaban wani tsohon abokin hamayyarsa, sabili da haka ya nace a kan ta kau. A 1791, ya tilasta wa barin St. Petersburg.

Last alatu

Tuni a watan Janairu, shi ya zo da baya sake, ya dawo tare da wani Baturke yaki. Hudu a jere watanni a cikin Tauride Palace , daya bayan daya aka bai wa wani mai wuce yarda sumptuous idodi, wanda Potemkin watandar 850 dubu rubles. A wancan zamani, wani babban total. Duk wannan ne kawai ya bi daya manufa - to koma ni'imar Catherine, amma shi ne ya yanke shawara ba janye. Abin lura shi ne cewa ko da Zurabov gane undesirability Potemkin kau daga harkokin jama'a, don haka da cewa tsufa prince kawai hinted cewa ya ci gaba da hallara a St. Petersburg ne a ke so.

Ya aka rayayye da hannu a cikin yarjejeniyar sulhu tare da Turks. Amma shi ne kawai wani allo: da girman kai na wannan lokaci Gregory ya bad sabis, ya kawai ba zai iya tsira ta rabuwa da Catherine. Jijiyoyi, ya kasance tsanani da rashin lafiya, amma har yanzu kokarin shiga cikin harkokin jama'a. Rasha, 18th karni na wanda ya heyday na Renaissance, kuma nan da nan rasa daya daga cikin mafi muni da kuma rigima na 'ya'yansa maza.

ranar ƙarshe

Oktoba 5, 1791 Prince zama da rashin lafiya dama a cikin karusa, wanda bi daga Iasi zuwa Nikolaev. Known wa karshe kalmomi. Sai ya umarta a karusa ta dakatar, kuma ya ce: "Shi ke nan, da babu inda ya je, Ina mutuwa! Ka dauke ni daga cikin karusa, ina so in mutu a filin wasa, "tare da wani retinue hankali fassara da ubangijinsa a kan kaka filin !. Bayan 'yan mintoci sarkin ya tafi. Aka binne shi a cikin Kherson sansanin soja, da Cathedral of St. Catherine (wanda aka gina a karkashin shugabancinsa).

Kamar wancan mutu Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin (1739-1791 gg.). Wannan shubuha mutumin bar mai zurfi alama a cikin tarihin kasar mu, kuma saboda da rawar to manta da wani hali ba zai yiwu ba. Lalle dã ya kasance daban-daban ba tare da shi.