A mummy na Lenin: pampering. Service Lenin kabarin

Kabarin gina a cikin Rasha babban birnin kasar ta babban square, riqe cikin ganuwar ta da mummy, dogon tsira da gwamnatin ta kafa wa waɗanda nama da jini ta sau daya ne. Duk da m tattaunawa a kan bukatar rufe Lenin ta jiki, kamar yadda mummification bai daidaita da kowane daga cikin halin yanzu Hadisin Kirista, ko ma tsohon maguzancin, kuma ta akida muhimmanci da aka rasa, alama ce ta siyasa da Utopia har yanzu ya kasance a can, inda ya aka sanya shi a cikin 1924.

Bambance-bambance hade da zubar da shugaba

Materials da aka buga a cikin perestroika shekaru, da damar su sake hoton na waɗannan kwanaki, lokacin da kasar da aka ce ban kwana ga wani mutum wanda ya iya zuwa baya cikin shakka daga ta tarihi. Yana zama na fili unreliability na aikin hukuma version, kunã riyãwa cewa, an yanke shawarar ci gaba da Lenin ta jiki da aka dauka a sakamakon yawa buƙatun ga kwamitin tsakiya na kungiyoyin da mutum jama'a. Suna kawai bai wanzu ba. Bugu da kari, a kan mummification shugaban amsa kamar yadda mai raba jihar shugabanni, karkashin jagorancin L. D. Trotskim, wanda ya sa'an nan na biyu mafi muhimmanci gwamnatin post, da gwauruwa ta gaske na Lenin - N. K. Krupskaya.

A Mafarin na karrama kasancẽwa Fir'auna maimakon wani dattaku na XX karni, ya I. V. Stalin, wanda ya so ya yi da tsohon abokin gaba na intraparty fafitikar wasu icon na sabon addini, da kyaun wurin ƙailũla zuwa juya a cikin wani irin gurguzu Makka. Ya gaji da cika, da kuma kabarin a Moscow shekaru da dama ya zama wani wuri na aikin hajji ga miliyoyin jama'a.

gaggãwa jana'izar

Duk da haka, a cikin hunturu na 1924 a nan gaba na "uban al'ummai" ya cimma yarda da matar marigayin shugaban ya tabbatar mata cewa muna ba magana game da dogon lokacin da adana ragowar. A cewar shi, kawai ake bukata don ci gaba da Lenin ta jiki daga cin hanci da rashawa na tsawon zama dole to ta yi bankwana da su duk comers. Yana iya daukar watanni da dama, da kuma shi ne domin wannan dalilin ya zama dole a gina ta wucin gadi katako kabarin.

Jana'iza, ko kuma wajen, wani jiki kwanciya a cikin wani wucin gadi kabarin da aka aikata a kan Janairu 27, da kuma ya faru da babban sauri, saboda shi ya zama dole don gama kome kafin ya dawo zuwa ga babban makiyin da Caucasus mummification - Lva Trotskogo. Lokacin da ya bayyana a Moscow, shi ne wata fait accompli.

Matsalar da ake bukata nan da nan mafita

na da hannu a wani rukuni na masana kimiyya tambaya a cikin aikin hanya, ci gaba da Farfesa Abrikosov domin embalming jiki. A can farko, da suka da aka gudanar ta hanyar da lakã cakuda kunshi shida lita na barasa, glycerol da formaldehyde. Ya taimaka ga wani lokaci zuwa boye da m ãyõyin bazuwar. Amma nan da nan Lenin ta jiki da aka rufe fasa. Power, wanda bisa ga matsayi ya kamata ya zama ba mai sãkẽwa ba, rududdugaggu a gaban kowa da kowa. Da ake bukata domin kai nan da nan mataki.

Quite ƙwarai himma nuna a wannan lokaci wata babbar jam'iyyar functionary Krasin. Yana faru to shi to daskare jiki na shugaban kamar cewa, kamar yadda ya faru da gawawwakin mammoths, a ajiye suke dashi. A tsari da aka yarda, kuma da aiwatar da aka ba za'ayi kawai ta hanyar laifi da Jamusanci m, protracted bayarwa na umurce ta daskarewa kayan aiki.

Halittar wani kimiyya kungiyar Zbarsky

Warware matsalar ya karkashin sirri iko da F. E. Dzerzhinskogo, a kan Stalin ta umarni ya jagoranci jana'izar da hukumar. Yana da aka quite shakka cewa a cikin hali na rashin cin nasara, da masana kimiyya iya biya da ransa. Halin da suke ciki da wahala ta gaskiya cewa gargajiya dabara na embalming a wannan yanayin bai shige, kuma babu wani daga cikin san hanyoyin da ake ba dace. Dole na yi dõgara kawai a kan kansa m tunani.

Duk da dukan kasada, da shugaban kungiya Farfesa Boris Zbarskiy tabbacin gwamnatin cewa, godiya ga ci gaban abokinsa - shugaban sashen Medicine na Kharkiv Cibiyar Farfesa Vorobiev, shi da abokan aiki za su iya dakatar da aiwatar da lalata. Tun da Lenin ta jiki shi ne a wancan lokaci a cikin mawuyacin hali, kuma babu zabi, Stalin amince. Wannan alhakin, daga akida ra'ayi, da aikin danƙa Zbarskiy kungiyar da ma'aikata, wanda aka hada da Kharkov farfesa Vorobyov.

Suna daga baya ya koma a matsayin mataimakin zuwa wani matashi likita dalibi, dan Borisa Zbarskogo - Ilya. By farkon perestroika ya vosmidesyativosmiletny Academician, ya kasance da kawai suke zaune takara a abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma godiya ga shi a yau sani da yawa cikakken bayani game da tsari, wanda a cikin sa cikin mummy na Lenin shekaru da dama ya kasance abu na bauta na miliyoyin mutane, mãye da utopian ideas.

Fara kan aiwatar da mummification

Musamman ga aikin shi aka sanye take da wani ginshiki located a karkashin wucin gadi kabarin. Embalming fara da hakar na huhu, hanta da saifa. Sa'an nan likitoci sosai wanke kirji marigayin. A mataki na gaba shi ne aikace-aikace na dukan jiki na cuts da ake bukata a balm shiga a cikin nama. Sai ya juya daga cewa wannan aikin na bukatar wani musamman ƙuduri na kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar.

Bayan samun da kuma aiwatar da duk dole hanyoyin Lenin mummy aka sanya a cikin wani na musamman bayani kunsa da glycerol, ruwa da potassium acetate da Bugu da kari chlorine quinine. Its dabara, ko da yake an dauke shi a lokacin da wani asiri, da aka bude a cikin marigayi XIX karni Rasha masanin kimiyya-Razvedenkovym Melnikov. Wannan abun da ke ciki aka yi amfani da su a cikin ilimin Halittar Jiki dissection.

A sabon Lab

Dutse kabarin a Moscow da aka gina a cikin shekara ta 1929. Ya maye gurbin tsohon katako, gina shekaru hudu a baya. Lokacin da ta yi aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi da kuma bukatar musamman dakin gwaje-gwaje da wuraren, wanda yanzu aiki Boris Zbarskiy tare da abokan aiki. Tun da ayyukan suna da muhimmanci musamman dangane da yanayin da siyasa, domin masana kimiyya da aka kafa tsananin iko, yana da za'ayi ta kwazo da jamiái na NKVD. Kabarin da aka saita Yanayin, shan la'akari dukan zama dole fasaha matakan. Sun kasance sũ ne sai kawai a ci gaba mataki.

kimiyya da bincike

Tanadin na Lenin ta jiki bukaci ci gaba da gudanar da bincike, a matsayin kimiyya yi daga waɗanda shekara-kafa fasahar da aka ba samuwa. Domin saita dauki na jiki nama ga waɗanda ko sauran mafita m gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a kan matattu Nameless tsĩrar da dakin gwaje-gwaje.

A sakamakon haka shi da wani abun da ke ciki, wanda a 'yan sau a mako, an rufe fuska da hannuwa mummy. Amma pampering Lenin ba iyaka. A kowace shekara, na yi don rufe kabarin da rabi watanni to baftisma cikin jiki a cikin wanka, sosai jiƙa shi da wani musamman embalming wakili. Saboda haka, ya yiwu su kula da mafarki na incorruptibility na duniya proletariat shugaban.

Gyara na marigayi bayyanar

Don da mummy na Lenin a cikin idanu da baƙi ya isa wanda ake iya nuna, da yawa aikin da aka yi, da sakamakon wanda ya kashe dukan karo na farko samun shiga ciki daga cikin kabarin, kuma ba zai iya taimaka gwada abin da ya gani tare da image na shugaban a karshe rayuwa hotunan.

Gab da mutuwarsa Ilya Borisovich Zbarsky ce cewa kunar bakin thinness Lenin ta fuskar da aka boye da musamman fillers allura karkashin fata, da kuma "rayuwa" launi ya ba ta a ja tace saka a kan haske Madogararsa. Haka kuma, a cikin sarari guda saka gilashin beads, cika su wõfintattu kuma a haɗe mummies kama da siffar da shugaban. Lebe karkashin gashin-baki da aka sewn, kuma dukan Lenin a cikin kabarin, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin kama wani barci mutum.

Fitarwa a Tyumen

A musamman lokacin a cikin aiki na Lenin ta jiki adana su ne shekaru na yaki. Lokacin da Jamus suka yi ta zuwa Moscow, Stalin da umarnin a fitarwa na shugaban da ya rage a Tyumen. A wannan lokaci, wani karamin tawagar masana kimiyya da hannu a cikin kiyayewa da mummies, sha wahala irreparable asara - a 1939 a karkashin sosai m hali mutu farfesa Vorobyov. A sakamakon haka, a Siberia bi da akwatin tare da shugaban ta jiki da Zbarsky - mahaifi da dansa.

Ilya Borisovich tuno da cewa matsaloli sa da yaki lokaci, kullum dagula aiki ga duk muhimmancin da manufa wakkala a gare su. A Tyumen, ba shi yiwuwa don samun ba kawai dole reagents, amma ko da ga talakawa distilled ruwa ya aika na musamman jirgin sama zuwa Omsk. Tun da al'amari na Lenin ta jiki tsaya a Siberia aka tsananin classified, dakin gwaje-gwaje don makircin da aka sanya a cikin gida makaranta da hannu a cikin shirye-shiryen da na aikin gona da ma'aikata. Akwai wani mummy, da kuma tsaya har zuwa karshen yaki, kiyãye detachment na arba'in da sojoji, a karkashin jagorancin Kwamandan kabarin.

Batutuwa da suka shafi kwakwalwa da Lenin

A magana game da mummy ajiye shekaru da dama da shugaban na musamman wuri al'amurran da suka shafi alaka Lenin ta kwakwalwa. Mutane daga cikin mazan ƙarni, lalle zã tuna yi tafiya a lokacin da labari na ta musamman da suka bambanta. Ya kamata a lura da cewa suna da wani dalilin wani rashin. An sani cewa a 1928 godu kwakwalwa shugaban cirewa daga kwanyar da aka raba cikin hannun jari da aka adana a cikin hadari Cibiyar Tarayyar Soviet kwakwalwa, baya mai rufi da Layer na kakin zuma da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani barasa bayani tare da formaldehyde.

Kudin shiga da shi da aka rufe, amma gwamnatin ta sanya wani togiya ga sanannen masanin kimiyyar Jamus Oskar Vogt. Its aiki ya tsayar da siffofin na Lenin ta kwakwalwa tsarin, wanda aiki a matsayin wata bukata kafun ga salon tunani. The masanin kimiyya aiki a Moscow Cibiyar shekaru biyar, da kuma a lokacin wannan lokacin yana da babban-sikelin karatu. Duk da haka, babu tsarin bambance-bambance ya gano daga cikin kwakwalwa na talakawa mutane.

Ya cewa yanci gyrus?

An yi imani da cewa dalilin da ya faru na m Legends ya sanarwa wai sanya ta shi a wani taro, cewa ya samu wani meander cewa ya wuce misali girma. Duk da haka, wani Bajamushe masanin kimiyya - da shugaban sashen na ilimin tsarin jijiyoyi a Berlin University Farfesa Jordi Servos Navarro samu damar karatu Lenin ta kwakwalwa samfurori a 1974 - ya ce a cikin wata hira da takwaransa, idan kuma sanya abin sa mamaki sanarwa, shi ne kawai a cikin ni'imar da Bolsheviks, to wanda lanci juyayi.

Duk da haka, wannan masanin kimiyya da kuma kore wani na kowa labari cewa Lenin wai sha wahala syphilis cewa aka hankali boye gurguzu. Bayan jawabin da mafi nazari a natse, ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa insolvency wannan tabbatarwa, inda ya lura cewa kwakwalwa nama ne rarrabe kawai karamin tabo, wanda ya tashi a sakamakon raunukan samu a lokacin da wani yunkurin aikata by Lenin a 1918 eserkoy Fanny Kaplan.

A kisa na mummy

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa Lenin ta mummy kanta, sa'an nan akai-akai da manufa na kai hare-hare. Alal misali, a 1934 wani dan kasa Mitrofan Nikitin zo zuwa kabarin, sanya wani shugaba ta jiki da dama Shots daga revolver, sa'an nan ya kashe kansa. Sau da yawa kuma an yi yunkurin karya gilashin sarcophagus, bayan da ya yi sa na sosai m abu.

Dawwama a kan price list

Da zuwan perestroika, lokacin da ya warwatsa Aura tsarki a kusa da mutumin wanda ya zama mugunta baiwa wani zamanin, kabarin daga asiran da dangantaka da embalming fasahar, karfe cinikayya asirin kamfanin "al'ada", halitta da masana kimiyya aiki tare da Lenin ta jiki. Wannan m aka tsunduma a embalming kuma maido bayyanar mutilated gawawwaki. Price list ya haka high (12 dubu. Yuro ga aikin mako) cewa yale mu mu yi amfani da da ayyuka mafi yawa ga dangi da abokai da laifi bosses kashe a kazamin rikicin.

A 1995, yawan ciniki ya kumbura da Koriya ta Arewa gwamnati, ya biya bashin fiye da miliyan daya kudin Tarayyar Turai domin embalming gawawwakin su marigayin shugaban Kim Il Sung. Yana kuma yi tattali, ga madawwami bauta wa shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Bulgaria jiki Georgiya Dimitrova da akida yan'uwanmu Choibalsan - kai na gurguzu Mongolia. A jikin kowane daga cikinsu a gida ya zama kamar wani abin bautãwa na kamar Lenin a cikin kabarin, wani photo na wanda yake shi ne irin talla.

Kunna Red Square

Wadannan kwanaki ba dakatar da muhawara kan binne daga cikin shahararrun mummies a duniya. Shekara-shekara ana gyara halin kaka na Lenin kabarin a cikin miliyoyin daloli da kuma shi ne mai ciwo ba ga kasafin kudin. A daba na shugaban na proletariat, da zarar ya kai imbin rabbai, yanzu da goyan bayan kawai wani karamin rukuni na yawon bude ido nostalgic ga kwaminisanci baya. Asirin kabarin, don haka kishi adana domin kusan guda takwas da suka gabata, sun zama available to duk wanda yake sha'awar a cikin wannan bangare na tarihin mu. Tarihi ya kuma sa kome a wurinsa.

Duk da haka, duk da kome da kome, a kan Red Square jerin gwano. Kabarin yanayin na aiki da wadannan kwanaki yana da iyaka, m baƙi ne da za'ayi kawai ranar Talata da Laraba, Alhamis, ranar Asabar da lahadi daga 10:00 zuwa 13:00. Abin da zai zama da wani rabo mummy, kawai lokaci zai gaya.