Muhalli da manufofin. Shugabanci, na ra'ayi tsarin

Jihar muhalli da manufofin daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da tsari na zamantakewa da kuma muhalli da halin da ake ciki. A karkashin wannan definition, a cewar wasu mawallafa, an fahimci sa na rarrabe tattalin arziki, siyasa, da shari'a da kuma sauran matakan. Muhalli da manufofin da ke jihar yana da za'ayi don tabbatar da yin amfani da albarkatun kasa samuwa a cikin kasar, a wani m iri, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da kuzari-adalci ci gaban al'umma, da tattalin arziki da kuma yanayi.

Dalili na sama iko factor ne na kowa ra'ayi na aikin hukuma hukuncin namun daji, al'amurran da suka shafi.

Yau Rasha muhalli da manufofin da aka ƙaddara da resilient tanadi dage farawa saukar da shugaban kasar umurninMu. Babban kwatance da muhalli management a zamani yanayi ne:

1. Samuwar wani sabon tattalin arziki da kuma shari'a inji of management na soja tasiri, tattalin arziki, ko wani aiki a kan muhalli.
2. Inganta da kuma karbuwa ga sabon zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da model dokokin domin kariya daga yanayi.
3. Samuwar lasisi, takardar shaida da kuma standardization a cikin muhalli kansu, daidai da Rasha ta Accession ga halitta dabi'u na kasa da kasa tsaro tsarin.
4. Da samuwar da hadade jihar tsarin na muhalli saka idanu.
5. Taimaka gabatarwar hanya-ceto da kuma tsabtace muhalli da fasahar.
6. Fadada na Cibiyar kula da muhalli Impact Ƙimar.
7. Fadada na kasuwanci da ayyukan a cikin Sphere yanayi.
8. Shafe 'yan ƙasa a cikin yanke shawara a fannin muhalli da gudanar da sauran yankunan.

Muhalli da manufofin, tare da na ra'ayi tsarin ne ya rinjayi wasu dalilai. A cewar masana, wani gagarumin tasirin da wadannan dalilai:

1. Da ainihin digiri na worsening matsaloli na dabi'a a cikin ƙasa na musamman kasar.
2. A yanayi na wani matsalolin muhalli hade da tabarbarewar muhalli da yanayi.
3. A rashin tabbas a fagen kimiyya a warware wasu fundamentally muhimmanci al'amurran da suka shafi.
4. Resource constraints (ciki har da, da kuma kudi).
5. Da ainihin matakin na kiyaye muhalli da kuma hanya ceton fasahar (ciki har da halaka da kuma zubar da sharar gida).
6. Gasa na tsabtace muhalli kayayyakin, da yadda ya dace a cikin tattalin arziki da sharuddan da tsabtace samar.

Bugu da kari, hanyar muhalli da manufofin tasowa, shafi kasa da kasa, kazalika da zamantakewa dauki na yawan jama'a.

A samuwar da na ra'ayi tsarin na muhalli management a kasar, yana da muhimmanci don zaɓar dace aiki na tattalin arziki da tsari sunadaran. A cewar tattalin arziki ka'idar, samar da tasirin a kan yanayi ake magana a kai externality (external) dalilai. Akwai wadannan dalilai a take hakkin da daidaituwa tsakanin jama'a da kuma masu zaman kansu amfanin. Wani misali na wannan yana iya zama da aiki na thermal ikon shuke-shuke. Kamar wutar lantarki, ba shakka, harkar m, kuma Yanã fitar da samun kudin shiga ga mai tashar. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, shi zai iya sa acid ruwan sama, kayan haɓɓaka aiki na radioactivity a cikin kewaye. Saboda haka, aiki na jama'a da amfani ga dalilai na iya haifar da lalacewar mutane, ba su amfana daga ta aiki.

Muhalli da manufofin na kasa ya kamata a da nufin kyautata muhalli. Bisa ga sakamakon wasu safiyo, mafi yawan kasar ta 'yan asalin imani da jihar na'ura alhakin da na halitta tsaro.