Mutum gabobin: da kewaye. Anatomy: tsarin da mutum

A wannan labarin, za mu yi magana a takaicce game da ainihin matsalolin da ilmin jikin mutum. A musamman, za mu fahimci irin rawa da daban-daban adam gabobin, wanda tsari za a bayar dabam.

Wannan bayani zai zama mai amfani ga dalibai, kazalika da waɗanda suka bukatar tuna da kayan yau da kullum na dan Adam tsarin.

A ra'ayi na "dalĩli" - "inji" - "tsarin"

Bugu da ari, a wannan labarin, za mu bincika fasali na jikin mutum tsarin, a halin yanzu shi ne domin sanin da na ra'ayi na'ura. A ka'ida, don zurfin ilimin da follow-up bayanai zai zama isa ya gano da uku sharuddan.

Saboda haka, jiki - wani tarin wani iri-iri na sel da kyallen takarda a cikin jiki, wanda yi da kyau-tsare ayyuka. Daga zamanin d Girkanci kalmar fassara a matsayin "kayan aiki".

Daga cikin ra'ayi na magani da kuma ilmin halitta, jikin - wani tarin Kwayoyin kuma tsokoki kawai idan su mahaifa da dangantaka da wani barga matsayi a cikin jiki.

Next, za mu bincika da jikin mutane, makirci za a shiryar da a cikin jeri a cikin jiki.

A gaba ra'ayi, wanda shi ne magana, ya zama "cikin tsarin na jikinsu." Wannan wani rukuni na mu gabobin jiki da cewa yana da ilimin Halittar Jiki da mahaifa da dangantaka, kazalika da aikin Hadakar.

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimce gundarin definition. Saboda gaba lokaci ne a gaskiya a truncated version na baya.

Saboda haka, na'urar - shi ne guda rukuni na jikinsu, wanda ake hada guda executable aiki. A bambanci to baya Concepts, shi ne kawai abin da ya kira su da dangantaka. Ilimin Halittar Jiki kuma tayi zumunci da suka yi.

Locomotor na'ura

Fara nazarin ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da jiki mafi dace wa da musculoskeletal tsarin. A wannan yanayin, muna fuskantar wani wa'adi na uku, wanda aka tattauna a sama.

Ga muna da ake rubutu da sakamakon wannan sciences kamar yadda osteology, syndesmology da Myology.

A gaskiya, wannan naúrar ya hada da duka ya kafa kasũsuwa, ashe, tendons, gidajen abinci, da kuma somatic musculature. Su ne alhakin ba kawai ga jiki rabbai da siffar, amma kuma fuska, motsi da kuma locomotion.

Kamar yadda ka gani, jikin mutane (kawo sunayensu a sama makirci) amfani da wannan na'ura a matsayin tallafi.

jijiyoyi

Next, za mu magance ciki halitta na jiki da kuma jera waje. Yana da muhimmanci a ambaci cewa, kamar musculoskeletal tsarin, da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ga rayuwar mutum goyon baya.

Yana samar da wurare dabam dabam na jini ta cikin jijiyoyinmu arteries kuma, kazalika da kai oxygen da kuma gina jiki ga Kwayoyin. Bugu da kari, jini ya kwarara ne fitarwa ta amfani da carbon dioxide da sauran sharar kayayyakin daga sel na jikin mu.

Idan ka duba a hankali, jijiyoyinmu da capillaries entangle duk mutum gabobin. A makirci na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin ne kamar gizo-gizo yanar gizo na manyan da kananan capillaries.

Babban jiki na wannan tsarin ne zuciya, wanda shi ne kamar tutur motsi na'ura, ba tare da tsayawa da farashinsa jini ta cikin tasoshin. A lokacin da wannan jiki dogara a kan kiwon lafiya da kuma albarkatun kasa na jiki.

Poor abinci, muhalli, da jinsi, da m gajiyan kai ga cewa jirgin ganuwar zama sirara, da kuma ciki rami na yanka slags. A sakamakon wannan hali, akwai irin wannan cututtuka kamar yadda hauhawar jini, zuciya da jijiyoyin jini matsaloli. A nan gaba, shi ne m.

A lymphatic tsarin

Da ban sha'awa sosai kimiyya - ilmin jikin mutum. A tsarin da mutum ya buɗe idanunsa ga mutane da yawa physiological, kuma tare da su, da kuma m tafiyar matakai. Alal misali, lymphatic tsarin. Yana da matukar kama da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Amma, sabanin karshen, da lymphatic tsarin ba rufaffiyar kuma babu irin wannan na musamman da jiki kamar zuciya.

Yana da aka hada da jini, capillaries, kututturan, ducts da nodes. Lymph ne kadan halitta matsa lamba motsa sannu a hankali ta hanyar da m shambura. Tare da wannan ruwa, da fitarwa na sharar gida cewa ba za a iya zubar jijiyoyi.

A gaskiya ma, cikin Lymph - a magudanun ruwa tsarin for karbo daga ruwa daga jikin kyallen takarda. A outflow auku a cikin jijiyoyinmu. Saboda haka, a karshe rufe dukan kewaye da jini jini a cikin jiki.

juyayi tsarin

Duk da cewa karatu haltta (mutum tsarin, aiki na daban-daban matakai a cikin jiki), an kayyade ta juyayi tsarin.

Ya kunshi tsakiya da kuma na gefe rarrabuwa. A farko ne a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma laka, da kuma na biyu - da jijiyoyi, Tushen, plexus da ganglia da jijiya endings.

Ga muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da musculoskeletal tsarin. Kwakwalwa na located in rami na zagayayyen kwanya da kashin baya canal saukowa saukar ciki na kashin baya.

Daga cikin ayyuka na juyayi tsarin ne zuwa kashi da autonomic da somatic. Na farko shi ne alhakin da watsa daga hasken dake fitowa tsakanin tsakiyar sassa da kuma kayan ciki. Duk da yake na biyu ya haɗu a kwakwalwa ta jijiya zaruruwa da fata da kuma musculoskeletal tsarin.

Next za mu yi magana game da endocrine tsarin. Su, tare da juyayi da bayar da sumul sadarwa da kuma tsari na ayyuka da kowane tsarin na jiki. Bugu da kari, lamari ne mai muhimmanci da jiki ta ikon amsa ga waje da kuma ciki canje-canje da cewa suna gani ta hanyar autonomic da somatic tsarin.

azanci shine tsarin

A can baya mun ambaci game da ikon na jikin mutum don amsa waje samuwar kasashe da kuma canje-canje. Babban rawa aka buga ta haska tsarin a su kam.

Yana hada gabobin kamar idanu, kunnuwa, fata, harshe, hanci. Godiya ga ayyuka ga abin da suka kasance alhakin na jiki, za mu iya more warai da kuma koyi game da duniya da haske.

A gaskiya, shi ne sakamakon da hulda da gefe da kuma tsakiyar Tsarin mu juyayi tsarin. Alal misali, waje mai kara kuzari rinjayar da ido, jijiya a cikin jiki tsinkayen canji da kuma aika wani bugun jini da kwakwalwa. Akwai, da bayanai da aka sarrafa da kuma idan aka kwatanta da sakonni samu daga sauran kafofin.

A sakamakon wannan aiki, za mu samu wani ra'ayin abin da ke faruwa a kusa da. Saboda haka, wani waje mataki ne da za'ayi a kan rabe located a jiki surface da ciki - m jijiyoyi, wanda shiga kyallen takarda. Human haltta nazarin ba kawai tsarin amma kuma hulda da daban-daban gabobin da kuma tsarin.

A azanci shine hasashe na samura ne m da canji kamar sauti, dandano, zazzabi, matsa lamba, haske da tsananin haske, kuma na gani images. Taimako ga gyara da juyayi tsarin da aka fassara "analyzers". Wannan duka hadaddun tsarin a farfajiya da kuma a cikin jiki da abubuwa a matsayin haska.

Shi ne da godiya ga gudanar da bincike a wannan yanki, ya bayyana a fagen kiwon lafiya sciences, wanda suke iya gyara da kuma gyara da take hakki a jikin mu. Bayan duk, ba tare da wani kwatanta mu majiyai dã mun kawai raba abokai ba tare da wani na kowa ganewarsu.

endocrine tsarin

Tare da juyayi tsarin, shi abubuwa a matsayin ciki tsari da kuma muhalli da ma'ana da muhalli. Bugu da kari, da endocrine tsarin ne alhakin homeostasis, wani tunanin halayen, shafi tunanin mutum aiki, kazalika da girma, ci gaba, da kuma jima'i maturation na wani kwayoyin.

Idan ka dubi tsarin da jikin mutum, ba za ka iya ganin kawai wani bangare na tsarin. Babban jikin su ne wadannan gland: thyroid, pancreas, adrenals, golaye (ovaries), pituitary gland shine yake, pineal gland shine yake da thymus.

Kamar yadda juyayi, endocrine kasu kashi biyu tsarin. A farko an kira glandular kunshi waccan mujalla da muka gland nuna hormones daga wadannan jikuna. Na biyu - yaxuwa - warwatse ko'ina cikin jiki. Yana kama wasu endocrine Kwayoyin cewa samar da hormones aglandulyarnye.

haihuwa tsarin

A mu gaba sashe zai yi da za a tattauna dabam namiji da mace haihuwa tsarin. A ka'ida, da haihuwa tsarin ne alhakin daya kawai aiki - adam haifuwa. Lokacin jima'i yiwu ganewa amfrayo, to, wanda aka canza kama zuwa wani yaro.

Namiji haihuwa tsarin is located in pelvic yankin da kuma gaba daya located wajen jiki. Yana hada da azzakari da golaye. Wannan gland shine yake da tsoka nama. Human haltta ne m da kawai bambanci a cikin tsarin alhakin insemination, gestation da haihuwa na zuriyarsa. Babban aiki na namiji tsarin - samar da maniyyi da kuma androgens.

Mata haihuwa tsarin ne daban-daban daga maza. Yana yana da biyu na waje da kuma kayan ciki. Na farko da kungiyar hada da manyan da kananan labia, ƙirjinsa su, kazalika da ƙofar farji da kuma shasshafa dan tsakar ta. A karshen hada da - ovaries, fallopian shambura, mahaifa da farji.

Amma cikin mata haihuwa tsarin da aka raba. Idan namiji ne kawai a ƙashin ƙugu, da mata da nono da kuma ta sashen. Mammary gland wasa mai matukar muhimmanci wajen jariri ciyar.

A urinary tsarin

A farkon wannan labarin ya kasance da janar makirci na tsarin mutum gabobin. Idan ka duba a hankali, za ka lura da cewa mafi yawan kayan ciki dake a cikin kogon ciki. Yanzu za mu yi magana game da urinary tsarin, wanda aka gaba ɗaya dake a cikin pelvic yankin.

Saboda haka, kazalika da haihuwa tsarin, urinary daban-daban a cikin maza da mata. Ba za mu maimaita tsarin mafi gabobin, taɓa sani kawai waɗanda cewa suna da hannu gabaɗaya a cikin tsarin na aiki na wannan tsarin.

Ainihin fahimtar ake bukata domin adanar da outputting da dan hanya da mai guba mahadi, kayayyakin da wuce haddi da nitrogen metabolism na daban-daban abubuwa a cikin fitsari. Wannan tsarin ya hada da wani biyu daga koda, ureters, mafitsara da kuma mafitsara.

Bayan sama ayyuka, yana da muhimmi bangare a cikin metabolism sunadarai ba da carbohydrates, da samar da daban-daban ilimin aiki mahadi, kazalika da daidaito da ruwa-gishiri balance, kuma, saboda haka, tabbatarwa da homeostasis.

alimentary tsarin

Idan ka duba a hankali a tsarin da kayan ciki, a waje da tsarin, za ka lura da cewa da zarar sun kasance daya tube. A cikin shakka daga juyin halitta sun kafa daban-daban sassan da alhakin narkewa mataki.

Saboda haka, wannan tsarin ya hada da gastrointestinal fili tare da daban-daban na biyu a jikinsu. Ya kunshi da na baka rami, esophagus, ciki, kananan hanji da kuma ciwon. Karin ayyuka yi da hanta, pancreas da salivary gland shine yake, gall mafitsara da kuma sauran gabobin.

The aiki na narkewa kamar tsarin, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, shi ne cire gina jiki da kuma isar da abinci a cikin jiki ta Kwayoyin. A tsari ya kunshi dama, saukarwa: machining abinci, da sinadaran magani, sha, tsakiyan nonon da kuma kau da sharar gida.

numfashi tsarin

A miciwa, da tsarin da kayan ciki da ɗan kama da baya daya, narkewa kamar. Akwai numfashi tube, wanda, kamar esophagus, da mucosa ciki rufe da gland da jini. Saboda wannan tsari, da iska shigar daga waje, yakan mallaki cikin ganiya zazzabi for kwayoyin.

A cikin hunturu, da sanyi iska ne warmed, kuma bazara - sanyaya ta musamman matakai a cikin wannan tsarin. Bugu da ƙari, iska kuma an tsabtace da dama impurities cewa a lokacin inhalation ne a cikin yanayi.

A numfashi tsarin kunshi biyu sassan - manya da ƙananan. A farko hada da nasopharynx da hanci kogo, na biyu - da maƙogwaro, trachea da bronchi.

shafi tsarin

A tsarin da jikin mutum da yanayi da aka yi tunani a daki-daki. Saboda haka, integumentary tsarin ne ke da alhakin kare jiki daga zazzabi bambanci, lalacewa, da bushewa, shigar azzakari cikin farji na gubobi da pathogens.

A tsarin kunshi fata (epithelium da dermis) da kuma Kalam: gashi, kusoshi, gumi, sebaceous gland.

rigakafi da tsarin

Idan baya tsarin kare jiki daga waje tsangwama, wannan kare daga danniyar sauran jinsunan. Nature Ya halitta kamiltaccen jiki tsari. Ciki gabobin, yin ayyuka wajibi ne a rayuwa, kare da dama tsaron Lines.

A waje, muka yi magana a baya, da kuma ciki - shi ne tsarin na rigakafi. Its main aiki ne don kare jiki da pathogens da siffofin maruran. Wannan tsarin ya hada da thymus, lymphoid nama, Lymph nodes da baƙin ciki.

Saboda haka, a wannan labarin, za mu takaice shãfe a kan tsarin da jiki, kazalika da sarari hukumomin wurare daban-daban a jikin mutum tsarin.