Rigakafi da tsarin

Opening na farko Kwayoyin na rigakafi da tsarin (1887) - phagocyte (macrophage) - nasa I. I. Mechnikovu. Phagocytosis (sha na wasu sauran Kwayoyin) da aka riga aka sani tun 1862. Duk da haka Mechnikov farko kafa wata mahada tsakanin wannan tsari da kuma m aiki, wanda yana da rigakafi da tsarin. A cewar da yawa masu bincike, daga wannan lokacin ya fara zama wani sabon reshe na magani - immunology.

Na rigakafi da tsarin na jikin mutum ne mai tarin ilimin Halittar Jiki Tsarin. Its aiki ne don tabbatar da kariya da shigar azzakari cikin farji daga daban-daban dauke da kwayar cutar jamiái daga su na rayuwa kayayyakin, abubuwa da kyallen takarda baiwa kasashen waje antigenic Properties.

Na rigakafi da tsarin da yake iya gane wata babbar adadin pathogens - daga microbes zuwa tsutsotsi, ta haka bambanta su daga nazarin halittu kwayoyin nasu Kwayoyin. A lokuta da dama, da definition wani dauke da kwayar cutar wakili ne sosai wuya ta ikon daidaita da bunkasa sabon hanyoyi na shigar azzakari cikin farji da kuma kamuwa da cuta.

Antigens ne kwayoyin da cewa tsokana takamaiman halayen. Ba dole ba ne pathogen shiga jiki daga waje. Alal misali, a autoimmune pathologies kamar yadda antigens ne jiki ta mallaka Kwayoyin.

A karshe shine halakar da m tsarin cutarwa pathogen. Na rigakafi da tsarin da aka bai wa wani dama hanyoyin da kayayyakin aiki, domin ganewa da kuma kawar da waje jamiái. Wannan dukan tsari ne da aka sani a matsayin "amsar". Na rigakafi da martani iya samu ko nakasar.

An samo dauki bambanta daga data kasance m bayani dalla-dalla muhimmi dauki na ƙudura irin waje wakili. Yana damar domin maimaita shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin pathogen gano da kuma kawar da shi da zaran yiwu.

A wasu lokuta, mutum ya kafa wani lifelong kariya a kan shigar azzakari cikin farji daga wasu antigens, misali, bayan da kaza pox, diphtheria, kyanda.

Daga wani daga ilimin Halittar Jiki ra'ayi, na rigakafi da tsarin da ɗan fragmented. Duk da wasu waste daga jiki, duk da Tsarin da dangantaka ta kusa da lymphatic da jini. Hukumomin m tsarin ne zuwa kashi tsakiya da kuma na gefe. Akwai ma rigakafi Kwayoyin.

Don tsakiya lymphoid gabobin m tsarin hada thymus (thymus), lymphoid samuwar a ciwon, appendix, fetal hanta, bargo.

Immunocompetent Kwayoyin suna dauke polynuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, Langerhans sel (fararen fata epidermotsitov Tsari), da sauransu.

Don kare gefe lymphoid gabobin hada da baƙin ciki, Lymph nodes.

A total taro na duk Kwayoyin da gabobin da ya shafi tsarin na rigakafi na fara tasawa ne game da daya kilogram.

A gefe Tsarin bambantawa auku (aukuwa na da bambance-bambance tsakanin kama Kwayoyin) da kuma yaduwa na antigen. A cikin tsakiyar gabobin da kuma Tsarin tsakanin balagagge immunocompetent Kwayoyin. A karshe (mafi yawansu) an kullum circulating. Saboda haka, kashi na rigakafi Kwayoyin daga jijiyoyin bugun gini gado motsa zuwa wani katin m tsarin da kuma dawo. All aka gyara na da m aka gyara daga cikin tsarin ne juna. A Kwayoyin hulɗa tare da juna har abada kai tsaye shigar da connection ko sakewa cytokines da immunoglobulins (antibodies) a cikin muhalli. Cytokines, wanda aka kafa ta monocytes da macrophages, da aka sani da monokines, da kuma kafa da lymphocytes - lymphokines.

Saboda haka, interrelationship dukkan Tsarin na rigakafi da kuma tsarin ta kasaftawa cell antibody suranta wani hadadden tsari na kai-kariya.