Omar Khayyam: A Biography. Omar Khayyam: ban sha'awa facts

Omar Khayyam, a takaice biography wanda aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda, an haife shi a Nishapur May 18, 1048. Nishapur aka located a gabashin Iran, a cikin al'adu lardin Khorasan. Wannan birni ya wurin da adalci tattara mai yawa mutane daga yankuna daban-daban na Iran da kuma ko da daga kasashe makwabta. Bugu da kari, Nishapur an dauki daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin al'adu na lokaci a Iran. A birnin tun 11th karni yi madrasas - makarantu na mafi girma da sakandare iri. A daya daga cikinsu ya yi karatu da kuma Omar Khayyam.

Biography a Rasha ya shafi translation dace sunayen. Wani lokaci, duk da haka, mai karatu ake bukata da kuma Turanci version, misali, a lokacin da ka bukatar ka sami kayan a Turanci. Yadda iya fassara: "Omar Khayyam: A Biography"? "Omar Khayyam: biography" - da daidai version.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka Khayyam

Abin baƙin ciki, bayani game da su shi ne bai isa ba, kamar yadda bayanai a game da rayuwar da yawa da suka shahara na zamanin da. Biography of Omar Khayyam a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da samartaka alama da cewa ya rayu a Nishapur. Shin ba bayani game da iyalinsa. Laƙabi Khayyam, kamar yadda ka sani, yana nufin "tanti master", "Sansani". Wannan damar bincike yi zato cewa mahaifinsa kuwa wakilin craft da'irori. A iyali, a cikin wani hali, suna da nufin isa ya ba dansa mai kyau ilimi.

Ilimi alama ya daga baya rai. Omar Khayyam farko koya kimiyya a madrasas Nishapur, wanda a lokacin da aka sani a matsayin aristocratic ma'aikata, wanda tattali, ga jama'a da sabis na high jami'ai. Bayan da cewa Omar ya ci gaba da ilimi a Samarkand da Balkh.

Ilmi tsiwirwirinsu, Khayyam

Ya mallakar wani iri-iri na halitta da kuma daidai sciences: lissafi, lissafi, taurari, kimiyyar lissafi. Omar kuma musamman karatu tarihi, koranovedenie, theosophy, falsafa da kuma kafa na philological sciences, wanda na daga cikin manufar ilimi a lokacin. Ya san Larabci adabi, m, a Larabci, ya kuma san da kayan yau da kullum na versification. Omar ya gwani a warkar da kuma ilmin bokanci, da kuma karatu music ka'idar.

Khayyam daidai san Kur'ani da zuciya, na iya fassara wata ayar. Saboda haka, ko mafi shahararren ilimin tauhidi na Gabas Labarai Omar domin shawara. Da ra'ayoyin, duk da haka, an ba shiga Musulunci a Orthodox hankali.

A farko binciken a fagen ilmin lissafi

A farko binciken a ilmin lissafi alama ya daga baya rai. Omar Khayyam ya yi wannan kimiyya da main mayar da hankali na da karatu. A shekaru 25, ya sa na farko samu a lissafi. A cikin 60s na 11th karni ya buga aiki a kan wannan kimiyya, abinda ya kawo shi daraja kamar yadda wani fitaccen masanin kimiyyar. Taimaka shugabanni fara ba shi kariya.

Rayuwa a kotu Hakan Shams al-Mulk

Shugabanni na 11th karni gasa da juna a cikin ƙawa da suite. Su lured ilimi majalisarsa. Mafi tasiri kawai nema ga kotu ya zama shahararren kasida da kuma malamai. Ba kare wannan rabo da Omar. Service a kotu da kuma aka bayar da biography.

Omar Khayyam, da farko ya jagoranci kimiyya aiki a kotun na Prince Hakan Shams al-Mulk, a Buhari. Bisa ga tarihin na 11th karni, Buhari m kewaye da girmamawa ga Omar kuma ko da sa shi a gadon sarautar kusa da shi.

Gayyata zuwa Isfahan

By wannan lokaci shi ya girma, ya kuma kafa Great Seljuk Empire. Tugulbek, da Seljuk m, a 1055 nasara Bagadaza. Ya ayyana kansa shugaban sabon Empire, Sultan. Halifa rasa ikon da shi alama wani zamanin al'adu ci gaba, da ake kira Eastern Renaissance.

Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru shafi makomar Omar Khayyam. New lokaci ya ci gaba da biography. Omar Khayyam a 1074 ya aka kira su zuwa fādar sarki bauta wa a birnin Isfahan. A wannan lokaci, da dokoki na Sultan Malik Shah. Wannan shekara zamo farkon wata 20-shekara lokacin da ya hayayyafa kimiyya ayyukan, cimma sakamakon wanda ya juya daga m. A wannan lokaci da birnin Isfahan ta kasance babban birnin na Seljuk ikon, wanda ya miƙa daga Rum zuwa iyakar kasar Sin.

Rayuwa a kotu na Malik Shah

Omar zama wani girmamawa m girma sultan. A cewar labari, Nizam al-Mulk ko miƙa shi don sarrafa Nishapur da kewaye yankin. Omar ya ce ya ba zai iya hana kuma su yi umurni da abin da yake bukata domin gudanar da mutane. The Sultan ya nada shi albashi na 10 da dubu. Gold dinars a shekara (da wata babbar Naira Miliyan Xari) zuwa Khayyam iya yardar kaina tafiyar da kimiyya.

management Observatory

Khayyam aka kira su zuwa ga gudanar da fadar Observatory. Sultan ya tattara mafi kyau na ilmin Taurari a kotu da kuma kasaftawa manyan kudade domin sayan kayan aiki tsada. da aiki na samar da wani sabon kalanda an sa a gaban Omar. A 11th karni a Asiya ta tsakiya da kuma Iran a lokaci guda akwai tsari biyu: da hasken rana da kuma Lunar kalandarku. Dukansu sun cikakke. By Maris 1079 matsalar da aka warware. Khayyam samarwa kalanda da aka 7 seconds daidai matakai yau Gregorian (ci gaba a cikin 16th karni)!

Omar Khayyam ya jagoranci Observatory astronomical lura. A zamanin ilmin taurari da shi aka nasaba, ilmin bokanci, wanda a tsakiyar zamanai, shi ne mai kimiyya na m larura. Kuma Omar yana daga cikin retinue Malik Shah a matsayin mai ba shi shawarar da astrologer. Sai ya shahara a matsayin wani annabi mai girma.

New ci gaba a ilmin lissafi

A kotu a Isfahan, Omar Khayyam aka kuma tsunduma a lissafi. A 1077, ya halitta na lissafi aikin kishin fassarar wuya yanayi Euclid. Ya farko ya ba wani iyakarsa rarrabuwa na main iri lissafai - cubic, square, mikakke (total 25 jinsunan), kuma Ya halitta, ka'idar warware cubic lissafai. Shi ne ya yi farko tada tambaya game da dangantakar dake tsakanin kimiyya da lissafi da aljabara.

Na dogon lokaci Khayyam littattafai su ba a sani ba zuwa Turai masana kimiyya suka halitta ba Euclidean lissafi da kuma wani sabon mafi girma aljabara. Kuma suka yi sake kai wani dogon dogon hanyar da tafi da kuma cewa 5-6 ƙarni kafin su an riga an kwantar da Khayyam.

falsafa azuzuwan

Khayyam aka kuma tsunduma a cikin matsaloli na falsafa, nazarin kimiyya gãdon Avicenna. Ya fassara a cikin Persian daga Larabci, wasu daga cikin ayyukansa, yana nuna bidi'a, tun a wannan lokacin da rawar da harshen kimiyya taka leda Larabci.

A farko falsafa rubutun shi an halitta a 1080 ( "rubutun a kan wanzuwar kuma wajibi"). Khayyam ce cewa shi mai bin Avicenna, da kuma bayyana ra'ayoyin game da addinin musulunci ta fuskar gabashin aristotelianstva. Omar, yarda da wanzuwar Allah a matsayin tushen Sanadin abubuwa, jãyayya da cewa takamaiman tsari na abubuwa ne m da dokokin yanayi, shi ne ba da sakamakon dace da hikimar Allah. Wadannan ra'ayoyi karfi da suka sãɓã wa jũna da Muslim akidarsu. A cikin rubutun aka saita su fita concisely kuma da hani, Aesopian harshen allusions da innuendo. Fiye da gabagaɗi, wani lokacin gabagaɗi, taurin kai, anti-Islamic sentiments bayyana a cikin shayari Omar Khayyam.

Biography: Poems Khayyam

A waqe ya rubuta kawai Rubaie, watau quatrains, a cikin abin da rhymed 1st, 2nd, 4th, ko duk hudu stanzas. Ya halitta su na rayuwa. Khayyam ya ba da aka rubuta laudatory odes shugabanni. Rubaie tsanani nau'i na shayari ba, kamar yadda wani mawãƙi, Omar Khayyam da aka ba a gane ta da Sahaban. Kuma ya bai hašawa gwargwadon muhimmancin su waqe. Sun bayyana m offhand, yo.

Omar mawuyacin halin matsayi a kotu

A karshen 1092 ya karya wata 20-shekara m lokaci na rayuwarsa a kotu na Malik Shah. A wannan lokaci, da sultan mutu a m yanayi. Kuma Nizam al-Mulk da aka kashe a watan baya. A mutuwa na biyu patrons Khayyam ta na da kafofin dangana ga Ismailis, da wakilan da addini da siyasa motsi directed a kan Turkish nobility. Bayan mutuwar Malik Shah, suka tsoro Isfahan sani. Tashin hankali da denunciations aka haife tsoro flooded garin kisan asiri. A gwagwarmayar ikon ya fara dakushewa girma daular.

Rincabewa da kuma halin da ake ciki a kotu na matar Omar Malik Shah Turkan Khatun. The mace bai amince da kimanin Nizam al-Mulk. Omar Khayyam ya yi aiki don wani lokaci a Observatory, amma bai samu wani baya ciki, babu goyon baya. A lokaci guda, ya yi aiki a matsayin likita da astrologer a Turkan Khatun.

Kamar yadda kotun aiki da aka yanka a takaice Khayyam

A labarin na yadda farfashe kotu aiki, ya zama yanzu littafi. A nasa 1097. Sanjar, ƙaramin ɗan Malik Shah, da zarar kamu da kaza pox, da kuma Khayyam, da suka bi da shi, ba da gangan nuna shakka cewa 11-yaro ne dan shekaru, zai warke. Babur magana kalmomi da aka overheard da bawa, da kuma canjawa wuri da mãsu haƙuri ga waliyyinsa. Wanda a nan gaba sultan, wanda ya yi mulki daga 1118 zuwa 1157 da Seljuk jihar, Sanjar duk rayuwarsa lanci rashin jituwa to Khayyam.

Bayan mutuwar Malik Shah Isfahan rasa matsayi na babban kimiyya cibiyar da sarauta zama. Derelict kuma a karshen, da Observatory, da kuma babban birnin kasar da aka mayar da su cikin birnin Merv (Khorasan) aka rufe. Omar bar kotu har abada, koma zuwa Nishapur.

Rayuwa a Nishapur

Ga ya rayu har zuwa rasuwarsa, kawai lokaci-lokaci da barin birnin zuwa ziyarci Balkh da Buhari. Bugu da kari, ya sanya dogon aikin hajji a cikin Musulmi wurare masu tsarki a Makka. Khayyam sanar a madrasas Nishapur. Yana da kananan da'irar almajiransa. Wani lokaci zai dauki wani roka masanin kimiyya wanda ya nemi ganawa da shi ya dauki kashi a cikin kimiyya muhawara.

A karshe zamani ransa ya musamman wuya, da ake dangantawa da rashi da kuma baƙin ciki cewa an generated da wani ruhaniya Loneliness. A Nishapur shekaru don daraja Omar matsayin falaki da lissafi aka kara daukaka ridda kuma freethinker. Fushin mabiya addinin musulunci da ake kira da ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa.

Kimiyya da kuma falsafa gãdon Khayyam

Biography of Omar Khayyam (short) ba zai iya magana a cikin daki-daki, game da aikinsa. Mun lura kawai cewa kananan kimiyya da falsafa al'adunmu. Ba kamar Avicenna, ya gada, Khayyam bai halitta mai jiwuwa falsafa tsarin. Ya treatises lãbartãwa ne kawai ga mutumin da tambayoyi na falsafa, ko da yake mafi muhimmanci. Wasu daga cikin su aka rubuta a mayar da martani ga wani request daga cikin wadanda mutane ko ruhaniya abokai. Yana ta tsira kawai 5 falsafa da rubuce-rubucen da Omar. Dukan su ne dunkule, gajere, wani lokacin daukar 'yan shafukan.

The aikin hajji a Makka, da kuma rayuwa a kauyen

Bayan wani lokaci, wani karo da limaman ya zama haka m cewa Khayyam da aka tilasta yin wuya da kuma dogon aikin hajji a Makka (a cikin riga tsofaffi shekaru). A wannan zamanin, na da tafiya zuwa wurare masu tsarki wani lokacin shi tsawon shekaru. Omar zama na wani lokaci a Bagadaza. Koyar da biography an featured in Nizamiyya.

Omar Khayyam, game da wanda rayuwarsa da muka sani, da rashin alheri, mutane da yawa ba, ya dawo gida, sai ya fara rayuwa a wani kauye kusa da Nishapur a secluded gidan. Bisa ga shaidar da na da Malaman tarihi, ya kasance ba aure da kuma yara da yake da shi ba. Ya rayu rufaffiyar cikin hatsari har kullum, saboda tuhuma da zalunci.

Kamar yadda na ciyar da karshe sa'o'i na rayuwar Omar Khayyam

Short biography a Rasha na masanin kimiyya, Falsafa da mawãƙi, aka rubuta ta a yawan marubuta. All kafofin yarda da cewa shekara da mutuwarsa ba daidai sani. A mafi kusantar ranar da aka dauke su ta a 1123. Daga cikin tushen 12th karni zo mana da labarin game da yadda Khayyam ya ciyar a karshe hours rayuwa. Wannan labarin da aka ji daga cikin dangi, Abu-l-Hasan Beyhaki. A wannan rana, Omar hankali karatu da "Littafi na Healing" da aka rubuta ta hanyar Avicenna. Kai "guda kuma mahara" Hayam sa da ɗan ƙaramin asawki tsakanin zanen gado da kuma ya nemi da dama mutane su yi nufinsa ba. Omar bai ci ko sha duk rana. Bayan kammala karatu na karshe da salla, sai ya rusuna har ƙasa da yamma. Sa'an nan, Khayyam ya ce, juya zuwa ga Allah, dõmin ya san kamar yadda zai yiwu, da kuma cewa ilmi game da shi - wannan ita ce hanyar da shi. Kuma ya rasu. A cikin photo kasa - kabarinsa Nishapur.

Daga abin da wasu kafofin da za ka iya koyi game da rayuwar wani mutum kamar Omar Khayyam? Biography TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) zai dace ka idan ka kawai na asali bayanai game da shi. Zaka kuma iya koma zuwa littafin da littafin Khayyam, a cikin gabatarwar wanda sau da yawa bayar da bayanin da ransa. Mun bayar kawai muhimman bayanai game da mutum kamar Omar Khayyam. Biography, ya kasa, tarihin rayuwarsa, waqoqi da kuma yankuna - duk da wannan, kuma da yawa mutane suna sha'awar yau. Yana magana akan muhimmancin wasiyya da cewa ya bar, da muhimmiyar gudummawa a tarihin hali na Omar Khayyam.