Oxidative danniya: rawar da inji, da Manuniya

Danniya da aka dauke su ba takamaiman amsa na jiki zuwa mataki na ciki ko waje dalilai. Wannan definition aka gabatar a cikin al'adar H. Selye (Canadian physiologist). Duk wani mataki ko yanayin iya tsokana danniya. Duk da haka, wanda zai iya bambanta daya factor da kuma kira shi da babban dalilin da dauki jiki.

fasaloli

A lokacin da nazarin da dauki m ko halin da ake ciki (m ko m shi) is located a cikin jiki. Ban sha'awa ne tsanani na karbuwa bukatun ko rearrangement karkashin yanayi. The jiki da farko shafi na irritating wakili ya sãɓa wa da ikon amsa flexibly da kuma daidaita halin da ake ciki. Haka kuma, ba za mu iya zana da wadannan ƙarshe. Danniya ne mai hadaddun Na'urar martani bayar da jiki a yanayin saukan tasiri factor. Wannan sabon abu ne ake kira a kimiyya janar karbuwa ciwo.

mataki

Karbuwa ciwo ya auku, a cikin hãlãye. Da farko zo mataki na tashin hankali. The jiki a wannan mataki bayyana a kai tsaye dauki ga tasiri. A mataki na biyu - Resistance. A wannan mataki na jiki da aka saba da kara yanayi. A karshe mataki na ci faruwa. Don wuce baya, saukarwa da kwayoyin amfani da reserves. Haka kuma, da karshe mataki da suke muhimmanci tsautsayi. A sakamakon haka, a cikin jiki fara tsarin rearrangements. Duk da haka, a lokuta da dama shi ne bai isa ya tsira. Haka kuma, irreparable makamashi Stores suna tsautsayi da kuma jiki ceases zuwa daidaita.

oxidative danniya

и прооксиданты при тех или иных условиях приходят в неустойчивое состояние. Antioxidant da kuma tsarin zanga-oxidants karkashin wani yanayi zo a cikin wani m jihar. A abun da ke ciki na karshen abubuwa sun hada da duk abubuwan da taka muhimmiyar rawa a karfafa samuwar free radicals ko wasu amsawa jinsunan kamar oxygen. могут быть представлены разными агентами. Primary sunadaran na tareda žata effects na oxidative danniya iya wakilta daban-daban jamiái. Wadannan iya zama salula dalilai: lahani a mitochondrial numfasawa, musamman enzymes. могут быть и внешними. A sunadaran da oxidative danniya iya zama waje. Wadannan, musamman, sun hada da shan taba, magunguna, iska da sauransu.

free radicals

Suna kullum kafa a cikin jikin mutum. A wasu lokuta, shi ne ya sa ta bazuwar sunadarai matakai. Alal misali, akwai hydroxyl radicals (OH). Su bayyanar da ake dangantawa da wani m daukan hotuna zuwa ionizing radiation da low matakan superoxide saki saboda electron yayyo da su kai sarkar. A wasu lokuta, da ya faru na radicals saboda da kunnawa da phagocytes da kuma samar da nitric oxide da endothelial Kwayoyin.

A sunadaran da oxidative danniya

Tafiyar matakai faru na free m da magana kwayoyin martani kamar daidaita. A wannan yanayin, shi ne quite sauki matsawa zumunta ma'auni a cikin ni'imar da radicals. . A sakamakon lalace cell Biochemistry, kuma oxidative danniya faruwa. Mafi yawa daga cikin abubuwa a cikin wani wuri zuwa jure matsakaiciya mataki na rashin daidaituwa. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar Kwayoyin a reparative Tsarin. Sun gano da kuma cire lalace kwayoyin. A karshe wuri sababbin abubuwa zo. . Bugu da kari, da Kwayoyin suna da ikon bunkasa kariya, a mayar da martani ga oxidative danniya. Alal misali, berayen suna sanya a cikin yanayi tare da tsarki oxygen, ya mutu bayan 'yan kwanaki. An ce, a cikin al'ada iska ya ƙunshi game da 21% Yã _2. Idan tasiri a kan dabbobi hankali kara allurai na oxygen, su kariya za a ƙarfafa. A sakamakon za a iya cimma cewa bera da kuma iya canja wurin 100% Yã ₂ taro. способен вызвать серьезные разрушения или гибель клеток. Duk da haka, wani karfi oxidative danniya zai iya sa tsanani lalacewa ko cell mutuwa.

m dalilai

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, jiki balance ne kiyaye free radicals da kuma kariya. вызывается как минимум двумя причинами. Daga wannan za mu iya cewa oxidative danniya lalacewa ta hanyar akalla biyu dalilai. Na farko shi ne don rage kariya aiki. Na biyu shi ne kara da samuwar radicals ga irin wannan mataki da cewa antioxidants su iya neutralize su.

Rage m martani

An sani cewa antioxidant tsarin ne sun fi mayar dogara a kan ta dace abinci mai gina jiki. Haka kuma, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa rage a cikin kariya na jiki ne sakamakon matalauta rage cin abinci. Da alama, da yawa adam cututtuka ne ya sa ta rashi na antioxidant gina jiki. Alal misali, neurodegeneration aka gano saboda an kasa ci a marasa lafiya wanda jiki ba zai iya metabolize fats bitamin E ayi kasafi. Akwai kuma shaida ga bayar da shawarar cewa cutar HIV-kamu mutane, mayar gano a lymphocytes glutathione a musamman low yawa.

shan taba

Shi ne daya daga cikin babban dalilai haddasa oxidative danniya a cikin huhu da kuma wasu kyallen takarda na jiki. Hayaki da kuma guduro arziki radicals. Wasu daga cikin su ne iya kai hare hare da kwayoyin da su runtse da taro na bitamin E da kuma C. Smoke irritating huhu macrophages, game da shi, samar da superoxide. A cikin huhu na Club akwai karin neutrophils fiye da wadanda ba smokers. Taba zagi, mutane sau da yawa ci talauci da kuma cinye barasa. Haka kuma, su raunana tsaron gida. провоцирует тяжелые нарушения клеточного метаболизма. Kullum oxidative danniya tsokani mai tsanani take hakkin salula metabolism.

Canje-canje a cikin jiki

Domin bincike dalilai, yin amfani da wani iri-iri alamomi na oxidative danniya. Wadannan ko wasu canje-canje a cikin jiki nuna takamaiman site cuta da kuma dalilai, don su tsokane shi. : A cikin nazarin da samuwar free radicals a cikin ci gaban da mahara sclerosis yin amfani da irin wannan Manuniya na oxidative danniya:

1. Malondialdehyde. Shi abubuwa sakandare samfurin na free m hadawan abu da iskar shaka (CPO) lipids, kuma yana da wata tareda žata sakamako a kan tsarin da kuma aiki na da membrane. Wannan bi da bi take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a cikin permeability zuwa alli ions. Kara taro na malondialdehyde a cikin shakka daga farko da sakandare-m mahara sclerosis mataki na farko ya tabbatar da oksislitelnogo danniya - kunnawa da free m hadawan abu da iskar shaka.
2. Schiff tushe ne karshen samfurin na SRO-sunadaran da lipids. Kara taro na Schiff sansanonin tabbatar da hali na kullum kunnawa da free m hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Tare da karin taro na malondialdehyde a Bugu da kari ga samfurin da kuma na farko a sakandare m sclerosis iya alama farkon hallakaswa tsari. Yana da yake a cikin fragmentation da m halakar da membranes. Dagagge matakan Schiff sansanonin ma ya nuna mataki na farko da oxidative danniya.
3. Vitamin E. Yana da wani nazarin halittu antioxidant interacts tare da free radicals da kuma sia peroxides. ballast kayayyakin kafa a dauki. Vitamin E aka oxidized. An dauke da wani tasiri neutralizer na singlet oxygen. Ragewan da aiki na bitamin E a cikin jini nuna rashin daidaituwa a cikin wadanda ba enzymatic mahada AO3 tsarin - a karo na biyu block na oxidative danniya.

effects

? Mene ne muhimmancin oxidative danniya? Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa exposures ne ba kawai membrane lipids da sunadarai, amma carbohydrates. Bugu da kari, da canje-canje a fara a cikin hormonal da endocrine tsarin. Active enzyme thymus lymphocytes tsarin rage-rage, qara matakin na neurotransmitters, hormones fara da za a saki. Lokacin da danniya fara oxidizing nucleic acid, sunadarai, hydrocarbons, qara overall abun ciki na lipids a cikin jini. Ingantaccen saki adrenocorticotropic hormone saboda m Lalacewar ATP da kuma sansanin da ya faru. Last haka activates da furotin kinase. Ta, bi da bi, na taimaka wa hannu na ATP phosphorylation cholinesterase rikidarwa cholesterol esters a cholesterol free. Kayan haɓɓaka aiki na gina jiki kira, RNA, DNA, yayin da lokaci guda glycogen janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da daffo fats, m nama lalace (mafi girma) acid da kuma glucose kuma Yanã oxidative danniya. считается одним из наиболее серьезных последствий процесса. Tsufa ne daya daga cikin mafi tsanani sakamakon da tsari. Har ila yau, akwai wani girma mataki na thyroid ji ba gani. Yana bayar da gudun tsari BMR - girma da kuma bambantawa daga kyallen takarda, furotin, sia, carbohydrate metabolism. Muhimmiyar rawa ga glucagon da insulin. A cewar wasu masana, glucose ayyukan a matsayin alama ga kunnawa da adenylate cyclase, kuma tsMAF - domin samar da insulin. Duk da wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani intensification na lalata na glycogen a tsoka da kuma hanta, inda hakan ya saukar da biosynthesis na carbohydrates da sunadarai, inda hakan ya glucose hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Tasowa a korau nitrogen balance, qara maida hankali cholesterol da sauran lipids a cikin jini. Glikagon inganta samuwar glucose, damuarn ta bazuwar zuwa lactic acid. A wannan yanayin, shi cika take kaiwa zuwa ƙãra gluconeogenesis. Wannan tsari ne da kira na ba-carbohydrate kayayyakin da glucose. Kamar yadda na farko yi pyruvic acid da lactic acid, glycerol, kazalika da wani mahadi wanda za a iya canza kama da catabolism na pyruvate a ko dai daya daga cikin matsakaiciyar abubuwa trikarbonovokislotnogo sake zagayowar. Babban substrates ne ma amino acid da kuma lactate. A muhimmiyar rawa a canji na carbohydrates nasa ne glucose-6-phosphate. Wannan fili da cika fuska slows fosfoliriticheskogo glycogen fashewa. Glucose 6-phosphate kunna enzyme glucose kai a uridindifosfoglyukozy hada glycogen. A fili ma abubuwa a matsayin substrate ga m canje glycolytic. Tare da wannan, akwai wani girma kira na gluconeogenic enzymes. A musamman, shi ne hali na phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Yana da kayyade gudun da tsari a cikin kodan da kuma hanta. A rabo daga gluconeogenesis da glycolysis canjawa zuwa dama. A glucocorticoids yi aiki a matsayin inducers na enzyme kira.

ketone gawarwakin

Sun yi aiki a matsayin mai irin man fetur kaya for kodan, tsokoki. Lokacin da oxidative danniya adadin na ketone jikuna an karu. Su aiki a matsayin kayyadewa su hana wuce kima janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da m acid daga cikin daffo. Wannan shi ne saboda da yawa a cikin kyallen takarda fara makamashi karancin saboda gaskiyar cewa glucose saboda insulin karanci shi ne ba iya shiga cikin cell. A high yawa daga m acid a cikin jini ƙara musu sha da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na hanta, qara tsanani da triglyceride kira. Duk da wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a yawan ketone jikinsu.

bugu da žari

Kimiyya sani da wannan sabon abu a matsayin "oxidative danniya shuke-shuke." An ce wannan tambaya na al'adu bayani dalla-dalla don daidaita zuwa iri-iri dalilai da ya rage rigima a yau. Wasu marubuta yi imani cewa, a karkashin yanayin unfavorable hadaddun halayen da duniya yanayi. Its aiki ne ba a dogara a kan yanayin da factor. Sauran masana jayayya da cewa zaman lafiyar na amfanin gona da aka ƙaddara ta musamman martani. Wancan ne, da dauki isassun factor. A halin yanzu, yawancin masana kimiyya sun yarda da cewa tare da wadanda ba musamman da kuma takamaiman martani faruwa. A wannan yanayin, da suka wuce ne ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu a gane kan bango na da yawa a duniya halayen.