Park "Sophia", Uman. tarihi shakatawa

Park "Sophia" (Uman) - shi ne wani wuri da aka sani ga dama. A kowace shekara baƙi garken nan ba kawai tare da Ukraine, amma kuma daga makwabta har ma da kasashen waje. Abin da janyo hankalin duk wadannan mutane? Yana da yake a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na kasar akwai wani kusurwa da cewa ya cancanci wannan da hankali? Sai dai itace, a.

A general shi za a iya lura da cewa, a wasu hanya Uman - Ukraine a dada. Me ya sa? A dukan batu ne da muke bukatar kawai a sami kansa a cikin wannan wuri, da kuma za ka ga yadda bambancin yanayin wannan yankin: a nan, akwai alama ya zama wani abu - duwatsu da koguna boye ƙarƙashin kogon duniya da kuma hasken rana filayen, musamman itatuwa da kuma rufe lush ciyawa fadamun. Kuma a Ukraine live irin, m kuma sosai m mutane, a shirye su ciyar da matafiyi, don nuna hanya da kuma ba ta dukkan tafiya bayanai.

Wannan labarin da nufin gaya maka duk cikakkun bayanai game da wannan mai ban mamaki wuri a duniya, a matsayin wurin shakatawa "Sophia" (Uman). Mai karatu san ba kawai game da inda yake da wannan yankin, amma kuma don Masana tarihin da ya faru. Daga cikin abubuwan, m dubaru da shawara za a ba a kan abin da ya ziyarci da fari.

Pearl Cherkassy yankin

Uman "Sofievka", wani na musamman shakatawa a Ukraine - wadannan kalmomi, watakila, sun zama synonymous domin da yawa m matafiya. Kuma wannan, ba shakka, ba mai haɗari. Bari mu yi kokarin magance wannan batu a cikin daki-daki.

Da farko shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Uman - wani karamin gari dake a cikin zuciya na Ukraine, Cherkassy yankin, kusan equidistant daga biyu manyan zarar al'adar birane na kasar - Kiev da Odessa.

A general, akwai ba wata muhimmiyar tarihi darajar ko musamman gine-gine Monuments. Duk da haka, wannan wuri ne ziyarci shekara ta fiye da rabin miliyan yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Mene ne dalilin da irin wannan bukatar? All godiya ga cewa akwai daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na Ukraine - arboretum "Sofiyivka", wanda yake shi ne gaskiya fitacciyar mai faɗi art.

Wannan ɓangare na birnin daga sosai farko minti amazes tare da kyakkyawan wuri mai faɗi, a kyakkyawan kandami, aljanna grottos da dama sculptures. Af, ba duk gane cewa wurin shakatawa ne located a cikin m gari kira Uman (Ukraine), yana iya zama daga cikin mafi ban mamaki sassa na duniya.

"Sofiyivka" shi ne kuma daya daga cikin mafi romantic wurare na kasar. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda wannan abin tunawa daga wuri mai faɗi art aka zahiri halitta ba kawai a cikin sunan soyayya, amma shi ne wata alama ce ga da shekaru 200.

"Sofiyivka" sau na Potocki

Uman, Ukraine a kan taswira sami kawai isa. Wannan wuri ne kawai a yankunan da muhimmanci cinikayya hanyoyi, da kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ya kasance kullum, daga sosai kafuwar wannan gari. Mallakan wannan bayani, babu wanda yake mamakin sanin cewa wannan shi ne kai cibiya da aka zaba daga baya domin gina daya daga cikin gidajen da Count S. Potocki, da aka sani a lokacin da m kuma mallaki gidaje.

Magnate kafa shakatawa a cikin ƙasa na dũkiyõyinsu da baya a 1796, duk da haka ta grand bude ya faru a watan Mayu 1800 ayyukan da aka dage sau da yawa saboda nauyi ambaliyar ruwa shekaru hudu.

A sosai karshen yi an kwanan rana zuwa da sunan-rana da ya ƙaunataccen matar Count - Sofia Glyavone-Witt-Potocki. A gaskiya ma, bayan ta wurin shakatawa ya samu da sunan da.

Da farko, da rawar da manyan m na gaba fitacciyar mai faɗi shakatawa da ake kira "Sophia" (Uman) aka gayyace Ludwig Metsel, an manyan bindigogi jami'in, wani dan wa na Potocki. Aka sani, kuma jimlar kudin da ta tsari, wanda a wancan lokaci amounted zuwa miliyan 2 rubles. azurfa.

A daidai da shirin na farko shigarwa zuwa wurin shakatawa ne a kan gefen greenhouse, da kuma abun da ke ciki na hadaddun ya faru tare da kogin gado. Kamenka. Bisa ga aikin Metzel aka halicce: wurin shakatawa ruwa tsarin na juna tafkunan, waterfalls, sluices da kõguna a cikinta, sculptures, grottos Venus, Nut, tsoro da shakka, da kuma Tarpeian dutse Lefkadiaki.

Bayan rasuwar S. Potocki "Sofiyivka" da aka gaji da farinsa dan daga ya aure to Yuzefinoy Mnishek - wato, Jerzy (Yuri) Szczesny. Amma magajin hakura da wani ikon mallakar garin Uman kuma yana kafe uwar rana Sophia, wanda aka ce sun yi wani dogon soyayya al'amarinsu. Amma da ya yi shi ne, ba free, da kuma a musanya ga biya ta bashin - miliyan 30 zlotys.

Bi da bi, saboda bukatar ya sãka basusuka tara stepson da miji (miliyan 7.5 PLN), Sofia aka tilasta a 1808 ya bayar da sayarwa Uman Rasha tsarist gwamnati. Ta ko da kaina jawabi da irin wannan tsari zuwa Alexander I. Amma a lokacin da yarjejeniyar ba ya faru.

Har 1813 wurin shakatawa "Sophia" (Uman) kiyaye a cikin m yanayin, wannan yana da babba abin yabo L. Metzel. Duk da haka, bayan da karshen ya riga ya tafi ya yi aiki a Warsaw, "Sofiyivka" ya daina sami dace kula da hankali fadi a cikin lalata.

Amma a fili, yankin da aka har yanzu aza a karkashin wata sa'a star. A 1815 a Paris, da aka buga a waka Zofiówka, rubuta da Yaren mutanen Poland marubuci Stanislaw Stanisław Trembecki. Ita ce ta wanda ya zo da shakatawa kwanon rufi-Turai daraja da ɗaukaka.

Bayan wani dogon rashin lafiya Nuwamba 22, 1822 mai shi na shakatawa Sophia, ya mutu a Berlin, don haka Estate shige wa ɗanta Alexander. Ta kõma "Sofievka" tsohon kyakkyawa complements ta ban mamaki sabon ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma ko da ya tambaye A. Andrzeevski tara cikakken bayanin na shakatawa Flora.

Duk da haka, saboda zato Aleksandra Pototskogo dangane da Polish da 'yan tawaye, duk da ya hana wannan al'amari ya na sirri rubutu, da ƙasarsa bayan 21 ga watan Oktoba, 1831 da aka sequestered da Rasha jihar.

"Sofiyivka" a matsayin Tsarina ta Garden

A duk da kome da kome, da shakatawa fiye da shekara da aka a gudanar da Aleksandra Pototskogo, sa'an nan aka canjawa wuri zuwa Kiev farko exchequer, kuma daga baya - a matsayin kyauta Alexandra daga mai auna matar All-Russian Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I. A goyon bayan wannan a 1850 a cikin Caucasus tudun maimakon a pedestal saka mutum-mutumi na Tadeusha Kostyushko sarauniya.

Saboda kwanciya a 1838 st. Lambu, sa'an nan retrofitting shi zuwa ga hanya, wurin shakatawa zama fiye da m ga jama'a da kuma fara ci gaba rayayye. A wannan lokaci, gina alcoves, ennobled source, babban Avenue, da kuma kusa da babban ƙofar gina biyu hasumiyai a Gothic style, gina wani babban tanti a game. Anti-Circe da gazebo Flora.

A kadan daga baya, a kan umarni na Nicholas I, da Pavilion a cikin Gothic style rushe kuma a wurinsa akwai wani gini a style na Renaissance tsara ta AI Shtakenshnejdera. Ƙofar hasumiyar da aka ma ana gina, wannan lokaci aka halitta su a cikin kayayyakin gargajiya style. Bugu da kari, Apollo mai cike wakiltar kuma akwai kafa obelisk tare da uku-gangarawa mikiya da karya kwazazzabo marmaro kira "Snake".

Park a matsayin babban horticultural makaranta

By domin na Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II a 1859 a wani gari da ake kira Uman, "Sophia" shakatawa yawon shakatawa wanda ya kwanan dadin babbar shahararsa, sake masa suna "Umansky Aljanna Janar Gardening School." A wannan jiki, ya na da shekaru da dama.

A shekara ta 1870, kamar yadda ashirin da suka wuce, wurin shakatawa sake tsinkayen wani ambaliyar ruwa - Dam eroded da Red Pond, kuma, wata babbar ruwa ya kwarara wuce ta tsakiyar ɓangare na shakatawa. Halaka, ba shakka, sun, amma a total bala'i, sa'a, gudanar ya kauce wa.

Bisa ga aikin Vasiliya Pashkevicha, a nan kan wani yanki na 2 ha halitta na musamman da arboretum, amma babban aiki ne har yanzu da nufin rike Uman lu'u-lu'u a asalin siffan.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 1897 da yankin da aka 152 kadada, da kuma yawan samfurori da tsire-tsire ya kai 382 dubu.

A sanannun National Park

Umurnin jama'ar kasar Commissars na Ukrainian SSR a kan May 18, 1929 domin sunan birnin a madadin na Uman. "Sophia" Park, wanda tarihi ne da gaske m, kuma m, bayyana a jihar adana da kuma gane mai zaman kanta kungiyar. Duk da yake a wannan lokaci, wani ɓangare na da ƙasa har yanzu ya kasance subordinated ga Agrarian University.

A shekarar 1945, bayan da yaki, an sake masa suna sake, wannan lokaci a Uman Jihar Park "Sofiyivka". Kuma a shekarar 1946, shi ya riga ya kasaftawa babba albarkatun da nufin maido. A wannan lokaci, shi ya mayar da yawa daga cikin gine-gine da abubuwa, da mutummutumai da kuma lungu. A wani yanki na 20 kadada, musamman greenhouse yanki tsara don kiwo na daban-daban jinsunan Flora da enrichment "Sofiyivka".

Ukrainian Academy of Sciences "Sofievka"

A shekarar 1955 "Sofiyivka" ne ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Botanical Garden na Academy of Sciences na Ukrainian SSR. Sa'an nan kuma, kara yankin na shakatawa ne saboda kasa Umansky Gorkommunkhoz, aikin gona Cibiyar da soja naúrar. Kada ka daina aiki a kan kyautata na shakatawa: karkashin gyara Pink Pavilion, wasan zorro maye gurbin da babban ƙofar.

A shekarar 1956, duk da sculptures a wurin shakatawa maye gurbinsu da kofe da gaskensu aka aika zuwa mangaza. Babban babban tini an supplemented da wani tushe na azurfa qarqashinsu.

4 ga Afrilu, 1980 "Sophia" Park (Uman) riske mudflow. Its burbushi iya har yanzu za a gani da alãmarsu a kan bishiyoyi (a wata tsawo na 3 m).

Modern arboretum "Sofiyivka"

Bayan da bala'i a 4 watanni da aka shafe lalacewar 50 shakatawa shafukan. A wannan lokaci kuma gudanar da shiri na administrative da kuma tattalin arziki ɓangare na shakatawa, murmurewa baya rasa abubuwa: kusan sake gina a kan asali daftarin na gazebo da naman gwari. Aherusiyskoe.

Janairu 23, 1991 "Sophia" shakatawa na'am da matsayi na wani m ma'aikata a matsayin wani ɓangare na National Academy of Sciences da Ukraine.

A lokacin da shiri domin bikin na bicentenary arboretum girma adadin aikin da aka za'ayi da m Yuri Kalashnikov. Alal misali, an halitta predparkovy gungu mayar da tafkunan, mayar da wasu gine-gine da abubuwa kamar sassaka gaggafa da ke wakiltar na Apollo.

In mun gwada kwanan nan, Fabrairu 28, 2004, da makaman samu da hukuma sunan, da kuma yanzu ake kira National arboretum "Sofiyivka".

Abin da ya gani a cikin wurin shakatawa da fari?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Uman a kan taswira na Ukraine za a iya gani quite a fili. Saboda haka, tun da ya isa a cikin wannan kasar, ko da na wani dan gajeren lokaci, ba za mu iya duƙufa akalla 'yan sa'o'i daga wannan cikakkar fitacciyar mai faɗi art.

A kan abin da ya kula farko na duk? Bisa ga feedback daga dama matafiya, "Sofievka" Ya kamata farko ganin irin wannan ban sha'awa abubuwa kamar:

• Maciji marmaro.
• Tarpeian Rock.
• Grot Appolona.
• Cretan labyrinth.
• game. Anti-Circe.
• Majalisai yanki.
• Ke wakiltar na Thetis.
• Sin gazebo.
• Calypso wakiltar.
• Manyan waterfall.