Pharynx shine ... Definition, tsarin da ayyuka na pharynx, siffofi na jiki da fasaha

Pharynx wani canal ne mai tsohuwar jiki wanda yake da tsayin daka har zuwa 14 cm. Tashin jikin wannan kwayoyin yana ba da damar yin abincin abinci don shiga cikin esophagus ba tare da yuwuwa ba, sa'an nan kuma cikin ciki. Bugu da ƙari, godiya ga dabi'u na jiki da na jiki, iska ta hanyar pharynx daga hanci zuwa huhu da baya. Wato, tsarin mai narkewa da kuma numfashi na mutum yana giciye a cikin kuturu.

Ayyukan Anatomical da siffofi

Kashi na sama na pharynx an haɗe shi zuwa gindin kwanyar, ɓangaren occipital da kasusuwa na pyramidal. A mataki na 6th-7th vertebrae, pharynx wuce zuwa cikin esophagus.

A ciki akwai cavas pharyngis. Wato, pharynx shi ne ɗakin.

Ginin yana samuwa a bayan bayanan murya da na hanci, daga baya zuwa kashi na ɓangaren (asalinsa) da kuma ƙwayar magunguna. A daidai da rabo daga cikin makogwaro zuwa wasu gabobin (Ina nufin, tsarin da kuma pharynx ayyuka) ne yanaye kasu kashi da dama sassa: pars laryngea, pars laryngea, pars nasalis. Ɗaya daga cikin ganuwar (babba), wanda yake bisa dalilin kwanyar, ana kiransa vault.

Baka

Pars nasalis a cikin ka'idar aiki shine sashin jiki na numfashi na pharynx. Ganuwar wannan sashen ba su da kyau kuma sabili da haka kada ku ci gaba (babban bambanci daga wasu sassa na jiki).

A cikin bango na baya na pharynx su ne choana, kuma a kan layi a saman da akwai matakan gyaran gyaran gilashi na pharyngeal na tube na audito, wanda shine bangaren kunnen tsakiya. Daga baya da sama da wannan bude yana iyakance ne ta murji mai motsi, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar motsi na ƙaho na tube.

Yankin tsakanin bangon da bango na pharynx an shagaltar da shi ta hanyar tarawar kwayar lymphoid (a tsakiyar tsakiya) da ake kira adenoids, wanda a cikin balagaggu ba a bayyana shi ba.

Tsakanin sararin samaniya da budewa (pharyngeal) na bututu, akwai wani ɓangaren nama na lymphatic. Wato, a ƙofar makogwaro akwai nau'i mai nau'i na kwayoyin lymphatic: kayan wanzuwa, ƙananan matuka (biyu), pharyngeal da tubal (biyu) tonsils.

Ƙunƙara

Kwararre ta tsakiya shine sashi na tsakiya a cikin pharynx, a gaban magana tare da bakin pharynx tare da rami na baki, kuma sashi na baya yana samuwa a matsayi na uku na vertebra na mahaifa. Ayyuka na sashi na haɓaka suna hade, saboda gaskiyar cewa kwayoyi masu narkewa da motsa jiki sun ratsa a nan.

Irin wannan gicciye wani ɓangare ne na tsarin numfashi na jiki kuma an kafa shi a lokacin ci gaban sassan jiki na numfashi daga hanji na farko (ta ganuwar). Daga rafin farko na rhinoceros, an yi amfani da cavities na tsakiya da na hanci, wannan a saman kuma dan kadan dorsal game da rami na baki. Trachea, larynx da huhu suna bunkasa daga bangon (kwakwalwa) na gutsiyar baya. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ɓangaren ɓangaren gastrointestinal ke tsakanin kafar hanci (sama da dorsally) da kuma hanya na numfashi (kwakwalwa), wanda ke bayyana giciye na tsarin numfashi da narkewa a yankin pharynx.

Guttural sashi

Pars laryngea shine ƙananan sashin kwayar, wanda yake bayan larynx kuma yana daga farkon larynx zuwa farkon esophagus. Larynx yana tsaye a gaban bango.

Tsarin da aikin pharynx

Dalili na bangon pharyngeal shine membrane fibrous wanda aka haɗe zuwa ginshiƙan kwanyar kwanyar, a ciki an haɗa shi da mucosa, kuma a waje - ta jikin kwayar halitta. Kwanan nan an rufe shi da nau'in fibrous na bakin ciki, wanda ya haɗa bango pharyngeal da gabobin da ke kusa da su, kuma a saman, ya sauya zuwa m. Buccinator kuma ya juya zuwa cikin fascia.

Mucosa an rufe shi a cikin pharynx ta hanyar epithelium, wanda ya dace da aikin motsa jiki, kuma a cikin sassa masu mahimmanci shi ne kwakwalwa da yawa, wanda yanayin ya zama mai santsi kuma yatsun abincin yana sauƙi a lokacin da aka haɗi. A cikin wannan tsari, gland da tsokoki na pharynx kuma suna taka rawar, wanda suke da maƙalara (maƙutu) da kuma masu tsauraran lokaci (dilators).

Maganin madauwari ya kara ci gaba kuma yana kunshe da compressors guda uku: ƙwararren maɗaukaki, maɗaukaki na tsakiya da ƙananan ƙwararrun pharynx. Farko a matakai daban-daban, daga cikin ƙasusuwansa da kwanyar tushe, da ƙananan muƙamuƙi, harshe, laryngeal cartilages kuma da hyoid kashi, tsoka zaruruwa da kuma aika baya, tare, samar da midline na pharynx kabu.

Fibers (ƙananan) na ƙananan ƙwararrun suna da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin murmushi na esophagus.

Cikin ƙwayar tsoka na tsoka mai tsayi yana da ƙananan tsokoki: shillopharyngeal (M. stylopharyngeus) ya samo asali ne daga tsari mai launi (ɓangare na kasusuwa), ya sauka zuwa ƙasa kuma ya raba zuwa kashi biyu, ya shiga bangon pharyngeal, kuma an haɗa shi da ƙwayar motsin karoid (a samansa); Maganin pharyngeal (M. palatopharyngeus).

Husawa

Saboda kasancewar gicciye a cikin jiki mai narkewa da kuma na numfashi a cikin makogwaro, jiki yana da kayan aiki na musamman wanda ke raba sashin jiki na numfashi daga narkewa a yayin haɗuwa. Na gode da haɓakar da tsokoki na harshen, an ɗora wani ɓangaren abinci a kan sama ta baya daga harshen harshe sannan a tura shi cikin pharynx. A wannan lokaci sama mai sauƙi an kusantar sama (godiya ga contractions na tsokoki tensor veli paratini da levator veli palatini). Sabili da haka nassi (na numfashi) na pharynx yana rarraba tare da sashen baki.

Tare da wannan, tsokoki da suke samuwa a saman sashin hyoid, cire laryn sama. Tushen harshe sai ya sauko kuma ya danna kan epiglottis, saboda abin da karshen ya sauka, yana rufe sashi a cikin larynx. Bayan da akwai wasu takunkumi na masu ƙuntatawa, saboda abin da ɗigon abinci ya shiga cikin esophagus. A wannan yanayin, tsokoki na tsawon lokaci na aikin pharynx a matsayin masu tadawa, wato, ya dauke pharynx zuwa motsi na dunƙun abinci.

Samun jini da kuma innervation na pharynx

Samun jini zuwa pharynx ya fi yawa daga hadadden hawan mai girma (1), da ƙwayar thyroid (3) da kuma rassan fuskar fuska (2), maxillary da carotid arteries. Cuban iska yana faruwa a cikin plexus wanda ke samuwa a jikin membrane na pharyngeal, kuma ya ci gaba tare da vein pharyngeal (4) a cikin jujular ciki (5).

Lymph yana gudana zuwa cikin ƙananan ƙwayar mahaifa (zurfi da baya bakin).

Gidan da aka samu na pharynx ne ya haifar da pharyngeal plexus (plexus pharyngeus), wanda aka kafa ta rassan nervous naman (6), mai jin dadi sivola (7) da ciwon halayen glossopharyngeal. Sakamakon ganewa a cikin wannan yanayin yana wucewa ta hanyar glossopharyngeal da jijiyoyi masu naman gwari, ingancin shine kawai tsohuwar ƙwayar shillotochius, wanda aka sanya shi ne kawai ta hanyar jijiyar glossopharyngeal.

Dimensions

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, pharynx wani ƙulli ne mai tsoka. Matsayinsa mafi girma shine a matakan ƙananan cavities. Girman girman pharynx (tsawonsa) yana da rabi 12-14 cm. Girman girman ɓangaren kwayar halitta shine 4.5 cm, wato, fiye da girman bayan baya.

Cututtuka

Duk cututtuka na pharynx za a iya raba zuwa kungiyoyi da dama:

• Inflammatory m pathology.
• Raunin da kuma kungiyoyin waje.
• Hanyar lokaci.
• Dama na tonsils.
• Angina.

Flammatory m tafiyar matakai

Daga cikin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke faruwa a hankali, zamu iya gane wadannan:

• Pharyngitis m - ciwon nama na lymphoid na pharynx saboda yawancin da ke cikin ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi ko kwayoyin cuta.
• Candidiasis na pharynx - lalacewar kwayar mucous ta fungi na gwargwadon hali Candida.
• Tonsillitis m (angina) shine farkon lalacewar tonsils, wanda yake daga cikin kwayar cutar. Angina na iya zama: catarrhal, lacunar, follicular, film-film.
• Rashin ƙoshi a cikin tushen tushen harshe shine lalacewar nama a cikin yankin na hyoid tsoka. Dalilin wannan cututtuka shine kamuwa da ciwon raunuka ko kuma ƙaddamar da kumburi.

Maƙaurin ciwo

Daga cikin raunin da ya fi yawa:

1. Sauran ƙunƙarar da aka sanya ta hanyar lantarki, radiation, thermal ko sunadarai. Ƙarar zafi na ci gaba saboda cike da abinci mai zafi, da kuma sinadaran - lokacin da aka fallasa su da sinadarin sinadarai (mafi yawancin acid ko alkalis). Akwai matakan da yawa na lalacewar nama a cikin konewa:

• Darasi na farko shine halin erythema.
• Digiri na biyu shi ne kafawar kumfa.
• Darasi na uku shine canzawar nama necrotic.

2. Ƙungiyoyin waje a pharynx. Wadannan zasu iya zama kasusuwa, fil, abincin abinci da sauransu. Clinic na irin wadannan raunuka ya danganta da zurfin shigarwa cikin jiki, ƙaura, da kuma girman jiki. Yawancin lokaci akwai damuwa, sa'an nan kuma ciwo lokacin da haɗiye, tari ko jin kunci.

Hanyar lokaci

Daga cikin raunuka na yau da kullum, ana iya gano pharynx tare da:

• Maganin pharyngitis na yau da kullum shine cututtukan da ke tattare da raunuka na murkushewar na pharyngeal da kuma kwayar lymphoid sakamakon mummunan lalacewa ko rashin lalacewar tonsils, sinadarai paranasal da sauransu.
• Pharyngomycosis - lalacewa ga kyallen takalma na pharynx, da lalacewa ta hanyar yisti kamar yadda yisti yake yadawa da kuma tasowa akan tushen rigakafi.
• Tonsillitis na yau da kullum - wani nau'i na ainihi na furotin na furotin. Bugu da ƙari, cutar ta kasance rashin lafiyan-mai ciwo kuma yana tare da wani abu mai cike da ƙin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin takalma na ƙananan manya.