Poppy (iyali): general halaye, fasali da kuma na fure dabara

Poppy - a iyali na dicotyledonous shuke-shuke da oda ranunculales cewa ya bil'adama da m opium poppy kuma a lokaci guda mai yawa na ado lambu furanni. Wannan labarin samar da wani janar bayanin Botanical shuke-shuke.

halaye papaveraceous

The iyali ne sosai bambancin. Yana hada game da 700 jinsunan, suna tattare a cikin 45 danginsu. Mafi yawa shi ne ciyawa, da wuya Bishiyoyi da sub-shrubs, da togiya - kananan itatuwa da karfi dissected ko duka ganye ba tare da stipules. Rarraba labarin kasa tana da ban sha'awa, amma girma Wakilai tsiro a arewacin da kuma temperate latitudes. A mafi girma yawan jinsunan (a kan 300) nasa ne da HALITTAR Corydalis.

Papaveraceous: general halaye na flower

Ga 'yan iyali suna halin Poppy furanni ne bisexual, located singly ko taru a inflorescences iri-iri, wasu har cyclical, zygomorphic ko dama. Bã su da wani biyu perianth, biyu daga caducous sepals kuma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, 4 petals, da wuya more. Domin poppy halin da jam'i na stamens ko stigmas ginshikan sedentary jinsunan saman kwai. Fruit - kwafsa, ko kwantena ƙunshi kananan tsaba da endosperm da ɗigon maniyyi, yana da mlechnikami, amma ba su kasance ba a duk nau'in. Ba tare da togiya, duk tsire-tsire dauke da alkaloids.

Poppy furanni a kan iyali da bambancin ne reminiscent na Ranunculaceae. Kuma a can, da kuma a can faruwa actinomorphic da zygomorphic siffar, gaba daya daban-daban daga juna.

subfamily

Papaveraceous kasu kashi biyu subfamilies. Babban rarrabẽwa ga rarrabuwa na haihuwa - tsarin da flower. Alal misali, celandine, poppy da tsari daidai da kasance a cikin subfamily gaskiya poppy, da kuma wakilai daga zygomorphic - to Dymyankovym. Bari na biyu mafi daki-daki. The most HALITTAR Dymyankovyh - Corydalis - ya hada game da 300 jinsunan. Dukan su suna girma a temperate canjin yanayin da na Eurasia da kuma Arewacin Amirka. Da yawa daga cikinsu - geophytes da tubers (yafi tushen asalin), da kuma ephemeroids. A musamman, shi yana nufin wadanda saba wa duk Corydalis vulgaris. Shuka tare da manyan goge m-m furanni, wanda ake musamman ƙaunar da bumblebees. A fom suka karfi zygomorphic. Dalilin da cewa - a shafin m da'irar, elongated a spur. Amma idan ka kwatanta Corydalis da aconite ginshiƙi, za mu iya ganin wani mabanbanta iri zigomorfii - a farko shi mai gangara. Wadannan su ne siffofin kawai furanni poppy iyali.

jayayya taxonomy

Don fara, ya kamata a lura da cewa a yau mafi mashahuri iri biyu taxonomy na flowering shuke-shuke: APG II tsarin (da aka buga a 2003) da kuma Cronquist rarrabuwa ci gaba da American botanist. Na biyu ne mafi yadu a yi amfani da asali form, kuma tare da zamani adaptations. Idan ka yi imani da APG II tsarin, Poppy iyali shuke-shuke ciki ranunculales domin. Irin data iya sau da yawa a iya samu a kan internet albarkatu. Duk da haka, bisa ga gargajiya rarrabuwa, suna da nasu domin - Makotsvetnye.

Botanists gane cewa tsanaki matsayi na iyali ne da gaske shubuha. Babu shakka, Poppy dole Ranunculaceae (hoton da ke ƙasa Buttercup manyan) da magabata daya. Dangane da wannan, wasu da ban sha'awa sosai haihuwa of America. Suna da halaye na wani flower Ranunculaceae kuma a lokaci guda suna da mlechniki cewa su ba halayyar da alama, wanda yana da poppy iyali.

Wakilai daga fairly sanannun, yafi a horticultural amfanin gona. Duk da haka, mafi mashahuri, ba shakka, ne opium poppy. Shi ne gaskiya don ƙara da cewa shi ne sananne.

opium poppy

Ya halin yanzu rarraba kawai a cikin al'adunsu. Samar yawanci daga m bolls Milky ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne mai arziki a cikin alkaloids, wanda ake yaba daga likita ra'ayi .. Narcotine, morphine, codeine, da dai sauransu An dade opium shan taba ya tartsatsi a cikin Asia, musamman ma a kasar Sin, inda ya na wani taro hali. A sakamakon haka, da shuka da aka ba kawai amfani amma kuma m. Girma poppy (opium, da kuma sauran iri kwayoyi dauke da mahadi) a Rasha an haramta a yaki da miyagun kwayoyi tun 2004.

Sauran 'yan iyali

Jagoranci a hira game da papaveraceous, ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa shi ya hada da wani yawa na jinsin da suke da muhimmanci da magani da kuma na ado lambu shuke-shuke.

• Rhode celandine. A halin yanzu ya hada da kawai biyu jinsin: Asia da kuma babban. Dukansu shuke-shuke suna da karfi magani Properties da aka sani zuwa ga mutãne, tun a tarihi mai nisa. A mutane, aka fi sani da "nipplewort" saboda ikon da ruwan 'ya'yan itace za mu bi da fata cututtuka da kuma kacokan warts.
• HALITTAR Corydalis. Yana hada da wani yawan jinsunan, mafi yawa perennial shuke-shuke. A halayyar alama - da kauri tuberous tushen, manyan racemose Inflorescence. Mambobin halittar - shi ne ba kawai m magani shuke-shuke, amma kuma zuma shuka. Janye ado siffofin da iri.
• Rhode eschscholzia - a kananan HALITTAR na shuke-shuke daga Arewacin Amirka, wanda ya hada da game da 10 jinsin. Its wakilan aka fi sani a matsayin ornamental shuke-shuke, horar da matsayin annuals.

• Rhode Argemona. Magani Properties na shuke-shuke da aka sani zuwa ga Aztecs. Yanzu tseren mai daraja domin ta sosai ornamental da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin lambu da kuma na cikin gida noma.
• Rhode Sanguinar hada da daya kawai jinsin. Halitta shuka girma yanayi - gandun daji a gabashin Arewacin Amirka. Duk da sassa dauke da sosai guba alkaloids. Sanguinar Canadian amfani a cikin Pharmaceutical da kuma maganin gargajiya.