Pulse: halayyar bugun jini, bugun jini tebur da shekaru

A lokacin ƙanƙancewa na zuciya a cikin jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin da aka tura daga wani sashi na jini. ta hit a wani jijiya bango halitta vibrations wanda propagate ta hanyar tasoshi, da periphery hankali Fade. Sun kuma zama da aka sani a matsayin bugun jini.

Mene ne bugun jini?

A cikin mutane, akwai nau'i uku na jini: arteries, jijiyoyinmu da capillaries. Release of jini daga cikin zuciya a ko ta wani hanya yana rinjayar kowane daya daga gare su, haddasa su zuwa oscillate bango. Hakika, a matsayin jijiya mafi kusa ga zuciya tasoshin located mafi batun rinjayar cardiac fitarwa. Hawa da sauka a cikin ganuwar suna da kyau ƙaddara da palpation, kuma a cikin manyan tasoshin ko da bayyane zuwa ga tsirara ido. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa jijiya bugun jini ne mafi muhimmanci ga ganewar asali.

Capillaries - da karami jini a cikin jikin mutum, amma ko da suka fuskantar zuciya. Su ganuwar makarkata a lokacin da zuciya rate, amma cikin kudi za a iya ƙaddara kawai da taimakon musamman na'urorin. M ga tsirara ido capillary bugun jini - da wata ãyã daga Pathology.

Jannayẽnsa cire daga zuciya don haka da cewa su ganuwar ba slipped. A ake kira venous bugun jini - a canja wurin vibrations da hankali spaced manyan jijiyoyi.

Me ƙayyade da bugun jini?

Menene muhimmancin ga ganewar asali na jijiyoyin bugun gini ganuwar ne vibrations? Me ya sa wannan muhimmanci?

Pulse ba ka damar yin hukunci da haemodynamic, yadda ya kamata rage zuciya tsoka, game da cikar da jijiyoyin bugun gini gado, a kan kari na balli.

A da yawa pathological tafiyar matakai dabam da bugun jini, bugun jini halayyar daina tabbatar da kullum. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu zargin cewa zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin ba shi ke nan.

Abin da sigogi ƙayyade da bugun jini? Halaye na bugun jini

1. Kari. A al'ada zuciya beats a yau da kullum jinkiri, ya kuma inganta zuciya rate ya zama rhythmic.
2. Frequency. Pulse kalaman ne al'ada kamar yadda da zuciya beats da minti.
3. Awon karfin wuta. Wannan kudi ya dogara da systolic jini. A mafi girma shi ne, da wuya ta ne don damfara da jijiya tare da yatsunsu, watau, high ƙarfin lantarki bugun jini.
4. Cika. Yana dogara a kan ƙarar da jini fitad da zuciya a lokacin systole.
5. Quantity. Wannan ra'ayi ya zo tare da abun ciki da kuma tashin hankali.
6. Form - shi ne wani siga da cewa kayyade bugun jini. bugun jini fasali a cikin wani da aka ba hali ya dogara da jini canje-canje a cikin tasoshin a lokacin systole (ƙanƙancewa) da kuma diastole (shakatawa) na zuciya.

arrhythmias

Lokacin da take hakki ko ƙarni na hatsaisai da zuciya tsoka contractions daga cikin zuciya launi dabam, kuma tare da shi, da kuma musanya bugun jini. Wasu hawa da sauka jijiyoyin bugun gini bango fara fada, ko bayyana prematurely, ko bi juna a sababbu jinkiri.

Menene arrhythmias?

Arrhythmias canza aiki sinus (tsokar rabo wanda ya haifar da hatsaisai sakamakon shi a rage daga cikin zuciya tsoka)

1. Sinus tachycardia - ƙara mita na contractions.
2. Sinus bradycardia - wani karu a mita na contractions.
3. Sinus arrhythmia - zuciya kidan a sababbu jinkiri.

Ectopic arrhythmias. Su bayyanar zama zai yiwu a lokacin da mayar da hankali a cikin myocardium da wani aiki mafi girma fiye da na sinus kumburi. A wannan halin da ake ciki, sabuwar na'urar bugun zuciya zai hana na ayyuka na karshen kuma don gabatar da kari zuciya rate.

1. Beats - fitowan da m bugun zuciya. Dangane da sarrafawa da ectopic mayar da hankali na zumudi lashe ne atrial, na ramin zuciya da kuma atrioventricular.
2. Paroxysmal tachycardia - ya karu da zuciya rate kwatsam (har zuwa 180-240 balli da minti). Kamar lashe iya zama atrial, na ramin zuciya da kuma atrioventricular.

Take hakkin da bugun jini na myocardium (blockades). Dangane da sarrafawa da matsaloli taushẽwarsu al'ada ci gaba da jijiya turu daga sinoatrial kumburi, kawancen kasu kashi kungiyoyin:

1. Sinoauricular block (bugun jini ke ba m fiye da sinus kumburi).
2. Intraatrial block.
3. Atrioventricular block (turu ba canjawa wuri daga atria ga ventricles). Lokacin da cikakken atrioventricular block (III digiri) ya zama mai yiwuwa cewa akwai biyu na'urar bugun zuciya (sinoatrial kumburi da kuma tsakiyar zumudi a cikin zuciya ventricles).
4. Intraventricular block.

Dabam ya kamata zauna a da ƙyaftawar atrial flutter ko fibrillation. Wadannan yanayi da ake ma kira cikakkar arrhythmia. Sinus kumburi a cikin wannan yanayin ne ba da wani na'urar bugun zuciya, kuma a cikin myocardium na atria ko ventricles suna kafa mahara ectopic foci na zumudi cewa ayyana zuciya launi da girma mita raguwa. Babu shakka, a cikin wadannan yanayi, zuciya tsoka ba zai iya mayalwaci rage. Saboda haka, Pathology (musamman daga ventricles) ne rai barazana.

zuciya rate

Kyaun zuciya kudi ga ya fara tasawa ne 60-80 lashe minti daya. Hakika, wannan adadi yi dabam cikin rayuwar. Pulse ta hanyar shekaru bambanta muhimmanci.

Yana iya zama mai hilafa tsakanin yawan balli da yawan bugun jini tãguwar ruwa. Wannan na faruwa idan a cikin jini fitad da kananan jini girma (cardiac insufficiency, saukarwa a cikin adadin zagawa da jini). A wannan yanayin da oscillations da jirgin ruwa ganuwar iya faruwa ba.

Saboda haka, mutum bugun jini (na al'ada ga shekaru nuna a bisa) ba ko da yaushe m on gefe jijiyoyi. Wannan, duk da haka, ba ya nufin cewa zuciya ne ma ba rage. Akwai iya zama wani karu a ejection sulusi da murabba'i.

irin ƙarfin lantarki

Dangane da canji na wannan nuna alama an canza da kuma bugun jini. bugun jini irin ƙarfin lantarki halayyar ta division samar da wadannan iri:

1. M bugun jini. Saboda hawan jini (BP), musamman systolic. Tsunkule da jijiya tare da yatsunsu a cikin wannan yanayin ne da wuya sosai. Bayyanar wannan bugun jini iri nuna bukatar nan da nan gyara na jini da antihypertensive kwayoyi.
2. Soft bugun jini. A jijiya an matsa da sauƙi, kuma yana da ba kyau, saboda irin wannan bugun jini nuni da ma low jini. Yana iya zama saboda daban-daban dalilai: rage jini girma, saukarwa na jijiyoyin bugun gini sautin, wanda ya kasa aiki balli.

cika

Dangane da canje-canje na wannan nuna alama suna da wadannan iri bugun jini:

1. Cikakken. Wannan yana nufin cewa jini wurare dabam dabam a cikin jijiyoyi isa.
2. Komai. Wannan bugun jini ya auku a lokacin wani karamin girma na jini fitad da zuciya a lokacin systole. A dalilan da irin wannan jiha za su iya zama wani Pathology na zuciya (zuciya rashin cin nasara, arrhythmia da yawa zuciya rate) ko wani karu a jini girma a cikin jiki (jini hasara, dehydration).

Tamanin da bugun jini

Wannan nuna alama hadawa da abun ciki da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki bugun jini. Yana dogara da farko a kan fadada na jijiya a lokacin cardiac ƙanƙancewa da shakatawa a ta lalace infarction. The girma na wadannan iri bugun jini:

1. Manyan (high). Yana auku a wani halin da ake ciki inda akwai wani karuwa a ejection sulusi da murabba'i da kuma rage jijiya bango sautin. The girma na matsin lamba a systole da diastole dabam (daya cardiac sake zagayowar na aiki shi yakan sharply sa'an nan rage-rage muhimmanci). A dalilan kai ga abin da ya faru na babban bugun jini iya zama aortic insufficiency, thyrotoxicosis, zazzabi.
2. Kananan bugun jini. Jini a cikin jijiyoyin bugun gini fitad da bit sautin jijiya ganuwar ne high, da matsa lamba hawa da sauka a cikin systole da diastole low. A dalilai domin wannan jiha: aortic stenosis, zuciya rashin cin nasara, hemorrhage, bugu. A musamman mai tsanani lokuta, bugun jini darajar iya zama a qananan (wannan ne ake kira a thready bugun jini).
3. Uniform bugun jini. An halin da darajar da bugun jini ne na al'ada.

A siffar da bugun jini oscillation

A wannan siga da bugun jini ne zuwa kashi biyu main Categories:

1. Fast. A wannan yanayin, a lokacin systole matsa lamba a cikin lakã aka muhimmanci ƙãra, kuma a diastole rage-rage hanzari. Rapid bugun jini ne halayyar alama na aortic insufficiency.
2. Slow. A gaban halin da ake ciki, a cikin abin da akwai wani gagarumin matsin lamba digo a cikin systole da diastole. Irin wannan bugun jini yawanci nuna gaban aortic stenosis.

Yadda za a gudanar da bincike bugun jini daidai?

Kila kowa ya san abin da yana bukatar a yi domin sanin abin da bugun jini na mutum. Duk da haka, ko da irin wannan mai sauki magudi yana da siffofin da ka bukatar ka sani.

Pulse gwada wa na gefe (radial) da akwati (carotid) jijiyoyi. Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa a low cardiac fitarwa a kan periphery na bugun jini tãguwar ruwa ba za a iya gano.

Ka yi la'akari da yadda motsin bugun jini a hannunka. Radial jijiya ne don gudanar da bincike a kan wuyan hannu kawai a kasa tushe na da babban yatsa. Lokacin da kayyade bugun jini palpated biyu arteries (hagu da dama), kamar yadda akwai iya zama yanayi a lokacin da matsa lamba hatsaisai zai bambanta a biyu makamai. Wannan na iya zama saboda matsawa da ganga daga waje (msl, ƙari) ko occlusion na lumen (thrombus, atherosclerotic plaque). Bayan gwada daukar bugun jini a hannu inda mafi kyau palpated. Yana da muhimmanci cewa binciken na bugun jini da hawa da sauka a cikin igiyar jini ya ba yatsa daya, da kuma 'yan (mafi yadda ya kamata zagaya da wuyan hannu don haka da cewa 4 yatsunsu, fãce da yatsa, kasance a kan radial jijiya).

Ta yaya ne bugun jini a carotid jijiya? Idan na gefe bugun jini tãguwar ruwa ne ma rarrauna, za ka iya gano da bugun jini daga cikin manyan tasoshin. A mafi sauki hanyar kokarin da samun da shi a kan carotid jijiya. Don yin wannan, biyu yatsunsu (index da kuma tsakiyar) Dole ne a sa a kan yankin inda kimanta kayyade jijiya (a gaban baki na sternocleidomastoid tsoka mafi girma har da Adam ta apple). Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa dama gudanar da bincike da bugun jini a garesu shi ne ba zai yiwu ba. Danna maɓalli na biyu carotid arteries zai iya sa Sistem disturbances a cikin kwakwalwa.

Pulse a sauran kuma a karkashin al'ada hemodynamic yi sauƙi m kamar yadda a cikin na gefe da kuma tsakiyar tasoshin.

A 'yan kalmomi a ƙarshe

Pulse mutum (al'ada shekaru dole ne dole a ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi a cikin nazarin) damar su kusantar da karshe game da jihar na hemodynamics. Wadannan ko wasu canje-canje na bugun jini oscillation sigogi ne sau da yawa halayyar fasali na wasu pathological jihohi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa binciken na bugun jini ne na girma bincike darajar.