Shahararren matafiyi Marco Polo cewa ya buɗe

Mutane da yawa sun dade bar makaranta, mamaki wanda ke cewa Marco Polo cewa ya gano da kuma cewa wannan shi ne muhimmin yi ga duniya?

farko na hanya

Shahararren matafiyi wanda aka haifa a Venice (ko a tsibirin Korcula, akwai biyu Musulunci bayanai) game da 1254. Mahaifinsa Niccolo kuma kawun Maffeo kasance quite m yan kasuwa, wanda dadin dogon-tsaye cinikayya tare da m kasashen. Sun ziyarci Buhari, a kan Volga, a cikin daula Kublai Khan. Shahara a matsayin The tafiyarka Marko Polo, wanda dade shekara ashirin da huɗu, ya fara a 1271, lokacin da iyali ya dauki wani goma sha bakwai-shekara-yaro a gaba tafiya. Babban yin ciniki da kasuwanci, da rabo daga cikin matasa fadi ofisoshin jakadanci Kublai Khan, wanda aka sosai karbuwa da maraba da 'yan kasuwa.

Da aka zaɓa hanya

Marko Polo hanya ne kamar haka: a karshe batu na hanyar ya zama birnin fama a kasar Sin (wani zamani Beijing), masomin, ba shakka, Venice. Amma da sauran batu masana tarihi an hõre duk wani nau'i na shakka. Wasu jayayya da cewa matafiya tafi, ta hanyar Akka Hormuz, Erzurum, Pamir zuwa Kashgar, kuma daga can zuwa zurfin. Sauran masu bincike jayayya da cewa 'yan kasuwa sun kasance a Akka, a kudancin bakin tekun na Asia, da Armenian tsaunuka, a Kerman, Basra, kudancin kwaruruka na Hindu Kush, da Pamirs, a cikin Taklamakan hamada, ya ciyar a shekara a birnin Zhang, ziyarci Karakoram kuma kawai sai riba a Beijing.

Rayuwa a kasar Sin

Abin da su hanya, Marco Polo (cewa ya buɗe za a san daga baya) da kuma iyalinsa samu zuwa Beijing a 1275. A China, suka zauna har shekaru da yawa, nasarar sayar da kanta Marco bauta wa babban Kublai Khan da kuma nasara mafi yawansu ya juyayi. Yana da a sabis na Italian m ya yi tafiya dukan na kasar Sin, kuma daga baya ma ya zama mai mulkin wata lardin karkashin sunan Jiangnan.

makõma take

A 1292 da Italiya har yanzu bar kasar Sin, rakiyar Mongolian gimbiya, wanda aka dauka zuwa Farisa, aka aure wa shugaban kasar. Back a kasar Sin, ba su tafi ba, kamar yadda a cikin 1294, lokacin da ya riga ya a Farisa, suka samu labarin rasuwar na Great Khan. A shekara daga baya, Polo fatake koma gidansa a Venice. A 1297 Marco Polo da aka fada domin ƙasarsa ta birnin kasar a wani sojan ruwa yaƙi da sojojin na Genoa da aka kama, wanda ya nuna da sauran fursunoni, Rustichanu na Pisa, labarin tafiya. Marco mutu a 1324, a watan Janairu, a 'yan qasar na Venice, kasancewa a sosai arziki mutum, aure, da uku mata. Kuma bude Marco Polo (idan taƙaice bayyana)?

Composing Marco Polo

"Littafi" babban matafiyi - shi ne invaluable jirgin ruwa na ilimi game da Eastern Turawa, ta Kudu da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya. A gaskiya ma, Marco Polo gano Turawa, ba kawai kasar Sin, amma kuma duk da makwabta asashe. The kawai korau aikinsa - wani m bayanin irin nisa a kan hanya. Amma Mark ya ba wani geographer, don haka da cewa shi ne wuya daraja da dãko sosai m bayanai daga gare shi. Shi ne saboda wannan rashin cartographers har yanzu ba zai iya yin cikakken maps. Amma a cikin aikinsa ƙunshi succinct, daidai da m kwatancin kwastan, rayuwa, imani da kuma ra'ayoyi na gabashin al'ummai. Wannan wanda da Marco Polo. Abin da ya gano Turai? Irin wannan na farko ga zamani mutane, amma shi ne ba a sani ba idan Turawa takarda kudi, da kayan yaji, teas, da tausasãwa na Oriental Art. Mutane ji game da birane da yawan miliyan daya, na Japan, Ceylon, Indonesia, Madagascar da kuma tsibirin na Sumatra , kuma Java. Nan shi ne ya ziyarci da Marco Polo. Wannan ya gano da Turawa - m bayanai da cewa rinjayi a hanyoyi da dama wajen raya wayewa a Turai.