Shark - shi ne mai kifi ko dabba mai shayarwa? Sunan sharks. Katran - photo

Shark - kifi da yara, da haɗari, kuma m mazaunan cikin teku, mafi tsufa da aka sani dabbobi. Saboda haka shi ne zaci, kuma shi ne ya yi ĩmãni da miliyoyin mutane, deriving ilmi game da wadannan na musamman halittun da Hollywood mai ban sha'awa-tsoro labaru. Mu dubi abin da muka sani game da wadannan ban mamaki halittun da suka bayyana da yawa a baya fiye da dukan duniya ta wayewar da kuma daidai saba da rayuwa ta zamani. Mene ne wani shark? Wannan shi ne wani kifi ko dabba mai shayarwa?

m kifi

All kimiyya da kuma kundayen da'awar cewa sharks - .. Cartilaginous kifi, watau a cikin jiki suna da babu albarkacin kashi nama cewa shi ne strikingly daban-daban da su daga zamani takwarorinsu na mazauninsu. Tare da rashi na gill inuwõyi da kuma tsarin fasali na Sikeli, guringuntsi Ostyak nuna wani m irin kungiyar, amma a ranar da zamanin d asalin: an san cewa miliyan 400 da suka wuce, wadannan kifaye sun shiga jirgin ruwa duniya tekuna. Duk da wannan, sharks ne daya daga cikin mafi m jinsunan predatory teku kifi. Na dogon lokaci adapting to a kullum canja yanayi, suna daidai saba da yanzu rayuwa cikin jituwa tare da zamani fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi da marine dabbobi masu shayarwa, ba na baya zuwa gare su ko dai a gudu ko a dexterity ko a farauta basira. Jerin fiye da 400 shark jinsunan, iyakacin duniya bambanta daga mafi kyau da zurfin ruwa, kawai girma zuwa 17-20 cm, da Giant - Whale shark, wata babbar 20-mita Multi-ton dabba.

An muhimmanci bambanci daga fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi suna da kuma yadda za haifa. Wasu jinsunan sharks - viviparous, watau, ba da haihuwa zuwa rayuwa matasa ... Wasu sa qwai, kare da m cornea. Ba duk asirin rãyukansu, sũ ne bude: akwai jinsunan asirin haifuwa na zuriyarsa wanda har yanzu an daure. Saboda haka, yana da sau da yawa tambaya taso: "Shark - shi ne mai kifi ko dabba mai shayarwa?"

Features irin

Cartilaginous kwarangwal da kuma rashin kashi - babban fasali na da dangantaka da wadannan kifaye da kungiyar dabbobi, da m kungiyar. Amma, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wannan bai hana shark zauna kusan duk teku na duniya, dade da ɗaukakar da mafi m da kuma kawo hadari predator. Bugu da kari, yanayin ya riƙi kula da kare wannan ban mamaki dabba. Yana da wuya a sami wani abu mafi kare, fiye da sikelin, wanda yana da shark. Located daga shugaban da wutsiya, da tabawa, shi yayi kama da adalashi shafi, amma ba lallai ba ne su rike hannu a gaban shugabanci - daga wutsiya to kai: vopyutsya kaifi hakora cikin fata. M sandpaper idan aka kwatanta da wannan cikakken kariya - suma kama.

La'akari da wata na'urar ma'auni. Kowane sikelin sanye take da karamin cartilaginous kifi AD rearward tip. Top mai rufi Layer karu zaunanniya enamel, kuma ta fadada tushe spliced tare da fata na kifi. A outgrowth wannan rami ya ƙunshi jini da jijiya rassan. The girma Sikeli a jiki na kifi ne daban-daban: da kai ne mafi manyan, baki shark spines, da dama sāke, ba ta kare fata da kuma zama kaifi da kuma hadarin gaske musamman makami kai hare-hare - m hakora.

Babban makami

Kamar yadda modified Sikeli, shark hakora ana shirya a wani m aggered a dama layuka. A kan rayuwar wani predator hakora girma kullum, da kuma abrasion na daya jere tsiro sabon, dake a cikin rami zurfin. Ku bauta wa shark hakora ba su tauna abinci. Don yin wannan, ta iya ba. Su babban manufar - rike da ganima, yaga shi gunduwa gunduwa, ya hadiye ba tare da tsangwama. Jinsuna daban na sharks a daban-daban siffar da hakora, wanda aka shibtarsu da peculiarities na salon. Kasa ciyar crustaceans kwayoyin da m harsashi da lebur hakora Ribbed surface m niƙa lemun tsami kariya. Kifi da yara da dogon kaifi hakora zuwa karye motsi samarwa ko fadi da serrated baki, yi nufi ga tearing nama babbar hadaya. A planktonic sharks bukatar a hakori akwai kadan, suna da irin wadannan kananan, kawai kai 3-5 mm.

Wata sifa ta cartilaginous kifi - babu gill rufe. Rawar da suka taka da aka buga ta 5-7 gill slits located a baya da kai, da adadin abin da aka ƙaddara da ra'ayoyi na sharks, da kuma gaban na rarrabe. Duk da haka, duka kamun kifi wadannan yara, samar da gwaggwabar riba oxygen daga ruwa ne haƙĩƙa, sun shige, ta hanyar da gills. A gaban miciwa, halayyar ga ruwa, ya ba da wani iyakarsa amsar wannan tambaya: "Shark - shi ne mai kifi ko dabba mai shayarwa?"

Amazing damar iya yin komai: gabar wari, elektroretseptorny na'ura da kuma tsarin na kaikaice line

Don overestimate da yiwuwar sharks ƙanshi ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m asali azanci shine tsarin. Gwaje-gwajen sun nuna ba kawai high ji na ƙwarai to smells kifaye, da kuma gaske mai ban mamaki. Shark iya kama da turare da jini, diluted a ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1,000,000, da kuma ci gaba da amfani da hankali na wari idan neman samar da ko don jan iri abokan in kiwo kakar. A definition daga cikin abu ne m amma sosai olfaction, shafe ma sauran gabobin da kuma tsarin: ji, ku ɗanɗana buds, kazalika da kaikaice line, located a kan surface na kifi ta jiki, iya jin yadda kananan rauni inji ƙungiyoyi, kuma mafi karami low-mita oscillations a cikin ruwa da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin farauta, sadarwa tare da 'yan'uwanmu da kuma fuskantarwa.

Akwai tukuna unproven kimiyya zaton game da ikon da yara kama kamshi, rarraba kan iska, abin da ya sa masu bincike m hali na fari sharks. Ta sau da yawa Picks sama da fuska sama da surface na ruwa surface, kamar yadda idan sniffing.

Tabbatar ta hanyar kimiya musamman ikon gane da shark aka azabtar da ta ƙungiyoyi halitta da numfashi da kuma cardiac tsokoki, da wutar lantarki filayen da negligible ƙarfin lantarki. Dogon lokacin da kallo na hijirarsa wasu jinsunan a isasshe tsawon nesa a mike layin saukar da yiwuwar su fuskantarwa a cikin Magnetic filin na Duniya.

gani

The musamman da suka bambanta da fauna sake jaddada musamman tsarin da ido, samar da kariya daga duka waje samuwar kasashe da kyau kwarai na gani acuity. Features na na'ura jiki na shark suna samuwa Ƙibtawa karni, ya juya a makafi ido a lokacin da aka kai harin a kan wanda aka azabtar, haka kare shi daga lalacewa. A ãdalci, ya kamata a lura da cewa ba duk iri da eyelids. Wadannan mutane a lokacin da hari a kan wanda aka azabtar mirgine idanunsu.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, sharks ido yana na musamman na nuna Layer zubar a baya da akan tantanin ido, kara habaka da muhimmancin wannan jiki da kuma ma da kara na gani acuity a low haske. Yau, shi ba ya bukatar hujja da cewa hangen nesa da wasu jinsunan kifaye ta fi gaban dan Adam.

haifuwa na sharks

Ba kamar mafi fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi da cewa samar da miliyoyin qwai, haifuwa da irin a sharks niyya more on ingancin fiye da a kan yawa. Halayyar siffofin na cartilaginous kifi - ciki hadi, kuma kowa ovoviviparity viviparity sosai muhimmanci rage mace-mace zuriyarsa, kyale su tabbatar da wani babban rayuwa kudi da kuma ƙananan haihuwa.

Dangane da nau'in, sharks iya zama egglayers, viviparous da ovoviviparous. Kwai-kwanciya ne kusan na uku na dukkan jinsunan. Bayan hadi, ciki mace kayansa mãsu qwai, jelly gina jiki mai rufi Layer kare ta a wuya harsashi a saman shi, kare da abinda ke ciki daga waje lalacewar da dehydration. da kwai ne babban wadata da na gina jiki, ba bushe fita a lokacin da cikakken ci gaban da tayi, wanda, ya kamata a lura quite dogon. Kamar yadda wani janar mulki, a lokaci guda shi an jinkirta karamin adadin qwai daga 1 zuwa 12. The kawai togiya ne na iyakacin duniya shark kayansa mãsu har zuwa 500 qwai a tsawon 8 cm The jinkirin ci gaba da tayi fiye da zai biya kanta - a kananan shark hatched daidai saba da rayuwa da kuma shi ne daban-daban daga cikin balagaggu masu girma dabam kawai ..

Ovoviviparity rarrabe ne cewa hatched daga hadu qwai kasance a cikin oviduct matasa uwa don wani lokaci, ana haife kuma raya daidai saba da m zama. Bayani a kan sharuddan da ke dauke da zuriyarsu a ovoviviparous nau'in bukatar a bayyana. A cewar wasu, wannan lokaci jeri daga watanni da dama zuwa shekaru biyu, kamar spiny dogfish, mai rikodin cikin dukan vertabrate.

A cikin mahaifa a lokaci guda live-qazanta jinsunan iya girma har zuwa 30-80 gudan jini. Ko da kuwa da irin shark kuma Hanyar haifuwa, da haifuwa na duk rarrabe yan, amma iya m rayuwa a cikin zuriyata.

plankton shark

Mafi yawan wadannan kifaye suna rarraba a tekuna da ruwaye, da suke zaune a cikin ruwa shafi daga surface zuwa zurfin biyu kilomita, kuma suna classified kamar real yara. Amma a cikin wannan iyali, akwai ware: megamouth, basking, kifi Whale, kuma da dama wasu jinsunan sharks ake tace feeders, cin plankton, kananan kifi da squid.

Yana dauke da most Whale, kuma basking sharks, kai wani tsawon na 20 da kuma 15 mita. Kamar yadda planktonic kifi, suna motsi sannu a hankali, cikin bakin bude a tsakiyar plankton gungu banishing ruwa ta hanyar da gill ramukan da musamman appendages-faranti, Tacewar babbar girma na ruwa da kuma hakar da shi daga dukkan halittu ya fi girma fiye 2 mm.

Yana game da wasa a planktonic jinsunan ne sosai kadan bayanai. Saboda haka, shi ne ba a sani ba yaushe ne rayuwa na wani basking shark. Whale - kwai-kwanciya. Qwai suna aza ta shi ya kai wani sosai m size: da tsawon na iya zama 0.7 m, nisa - 0.4 m Duk da babbar size, plankton kifi shark photos aka gabatar a wannan labarin, shi ne ba m da ita sosai m ..

Duniya na sharks ne mai ban mamaki da kuma bambancin. Wasu daga cikinsu suna kasa-da rãyuwãta, da abinci a kan crustaceans da kwaro, kamar kananan cat, girman babu fiye da 1 mita a tsawon. Target jinsunan ne spiny dogfish, spiny dogfish, a photo na wanda aka kuma gabatar a cikin labarin.

spiny dogfish kiwon kifi

Katran, tare da tartsatsi ne kawai jinsin zaune a tekun Black Sea. Wannan teku shark musamman sanyi-auna da kuma ba ya so da dumi ruwa. Watakila wannan bayanin gaskiyar cewa Black Sea spiny dogfish da wuya ya kai 1 mita a tsawon, yayin da a Arewa Sea da girman wannan kifi ne 1.5-2 m. A spiny dogfish ne kusan ba ta tashi zuwa surface na ruwa da kuma ba dace zuwa ga tudu. Suna zaune a wani isasshen zurfin, tuntu e cikin manyan Shoals. Katrana ciyar a kan benthic kwaro da kasa kifi - zurfin, whiting, nasarar ganima a Shoals na irin kifi.

Mene ne daukan hankali shi ne cewa spiny dogfish - ovoviviparous kifi, wanda ciki yana mai wuce yarda dogon lokaci - har zuwa 2 shekaru. Akulyata haife cikakken shirye domin adult rayuwa predator. M da mutane, amintacce kuma m, suka girma ga ƙarfinsa ba tare da da yawa matsaloli. Wadannan sharks a cikin tẽku da hadari ga mutane. Su taba iyo kusa da wanka. M tsarin na sosai raya ji na wari da kuma ji wata 'yar alamar mita oscillation taimaka katranov kauce wa ci karo da mutane. Garkunan kifi kusa da bakin tekun a cikin marigayi kaka. Sa'an nan da kama kifi kakar fara. Na biyu sunan sharks - spiny - ba katranov ba a banza. Wannan kifi ne iya isar da wani matsala a lokacin da ya zo daga trawl. Ya ba kawai wani sauti Sikeli, amma kuma kaifi da zangarniya kafin dorsal fins, wanda suke a gindi daga dafin gland. A lamba tare da su za ka iya samun wani rabo daga guba, ko da yake ba m, amma kawo wasu damuwa. The karimci gumãkan katrana Atlantic teku ne, wani lokacin yiwuwa a kama up to 20,000 kifi a daya lura.

Spiny dogfish - ba kawai dadi kifi, shi ne qwarai kuma shakka amfani. A m hannun mai kyau dafa nama katrana shi jũya a cikin wani m delicacies, da lafiya da kuma dadi. Marar sakewa mulki a shiri na shark nama ne m jini draining nan da nan bayan da kifi kama. Yana mafi girma maida hankali ammonia. Idan ba ka rabu da mu da jini samfurin za su lalace. A amfani da irin wannan jita-jita ne da cewa babu wasu kasusuwa a cikin jiki, domin wannan kifi - guringuntsi.

Mai daraja da kuma fata katranov. Abrasive Properties katranov konkoma karãtunsa fãtun yi ko da yaushe aka yi amfani da Masters yawa masana'antu: daga kafintoci, cabinetmakers, da massassaƙa domin furriers.

tiger shark

Cikakken kuɓutar da mara laifin suna da wani hadiri wurare masu zafi da tekuna, Tiger shark, samar da gwaggwabar riba fari a cikin yawan rubuce-haren a kan mutane, muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da shi a cikin kaso na mutuwar bayan da tarurruka tare da ita. Sunan shark ayyana ta waje fasali. Tiger shark (tiger ko teku), don haka mai suna saboda duhu giciye makada a kan wani m, launin ruwan kasa, ko greenish-m bango na jiki da Fade da lokaci. Fi son m ruwa, wadannan sharks da wuya saukad da kasa 300 mita, cikin ruwan sanyi ba jawo hankalin su. Fice kifi size - 7-8 mita a tsawon kuma Tã yi game da wani ton - da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani adadin da ya fi girma jinsuna. A streamlined siffar jiki da babban kai, m hancinsa da kuma 5th gill slits da kuma babban bakin da jaws sanye take da 280-300 lebur skrebkoobraznymi serrated hakora, da kuma wani da kyau-ɓullo da babba lobe daga cikin caudal filafilin kifi - wannan shi ne wani bai cika hoto na m kifi.

Sea Tigers daura zaɓi da wuri, ba su son tafiya waje nasu masauki. Da yake ina da LonE predator, Tiger sharks wani lokacin rabuwa a cikin kungiyar, idan isasshen abinci. Amma mafi sau da yawa su na sintiri su unguwa kadai.

A rage cin abinci na wadannan yara yi pinnipeds dabbobi masu shayarwa, da dabbobin ruwa, kifi, waterfowl kuma ko da karami membobin nasu jinsin. Su ne omnivorous haka da cewa abinda ke ciki na ciki, gabatar da wani sa na abubuwa da suke da nisa daga kwayoyin abinci, mamakin masu bincike. A lokacin da ya ƙẽtare omnivorous Tiger sharks ana suna "teku scavengers." Amma fiye da dacewa a gare su ikon karkatar da ciki, ta bakin kurkura a ruwa, wanda damar zuwa rabu gaba daya indigestible abubuwa kamar gwangwani, bags, daban-daban iri datti.

Wannan hatsari shark nasa ne da ovoviviparous, nurtured zũriyarsu 14-16 watanni da kuma bayar da haihuwa ga wani zuriyar dabbobi na zuwa 80 sharks, har zuwa rabin mita kowane.

Babban farin shark

Exceptionally manyan m predator - White Shark ko karharodon, dogon kuma da tabbaci rike da bakin ciki primacy a yawan hare-hare a kan mutane, da aka samu a cikin farfajiya ruwan duk da tekuna na Duniya, fãce Arctic, yana fifita m da dumi sauyin yanayi. A cikin sanyi ruwa shi ba a samu, da kuma ba ya rayuwa a Salted ko ruwan zartsi ruwan. Alal misali, a cikin Black Sea bai bayyana karharodon. Mafi kusantar su hadu da babban farin sharks a kan tekun na California kusa da Mexican tsibirin Guadeloupe, a cikin Rum da kuma Adriatic Sea, kashe bakin tekun na New Zealand, inda za su iya iyo a cikin kananan dabbobi. A tekuna, inda fiye da kima da ake samu teku zakuna ko like, musamman kaunace wadannan yara. Ga wani dogon lokaci ya yi ĩmãni ya zama m jihar bakin teku wanzuwar fari sharks, duk da haka, shi ya tabbatar da cewa kifi ƙaura daga cikin tekun na California zuwa Afirka latitudes, tafiya domin shekara fiye da dubu 20 km.

Kamar yadda mafi yawan manyan zamani predator (wasu samfurori isa a tsawon kan mita 10 da wani jiki nauyi na har zuwa 3.5 ton), farin shark ba hadaya wani chances mafaka. Its sunan ga wannan irin launi ake bukata na ciki sassa - haske ko kashe-fari. A dorsal ɓangare na duhu launuka: m, greenish. Kamar dukan jinsunan sharks, da fari shi ne babu iska kumfa, wanda ya bayyana da akai motsi na kifi.

Ga abinci shi da dangantaka mafi son zuciya daga 'yar'uwarta damisar. Kananan shark ciyarwa a kan matsakaici-sized kifi, dabbobi masu shayarwa. Girma karharodony farauta like, da dabbobin ruwa, babban kifi da kuma karami mambobi ne na nau'in. A manya kada ka wuce matasa ko rashin lafiya Whale, sau da yawa yayin da dauke da fitar da wani hari fice dabara motsa, wanda kawai ya tabbatar da kasancewar su iyawa ta hankali. Wannan hatsari shark dogon da suka wuce ya tabbatar da cewa shi ma tauri ga wani samarwa.

A kadan ne a san game da procreation. Kamar da yawa jinsunan ne ovoviviparous da gestation na watanni 11, bayan da a can ne 1-2 kwiyakwiyanta saba da m rayuwa. Yau, da yawan fari sharks ne hanzari ragewa, a duniya babu fiye da 3,500 guda. Species aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi.

Sharks a cikin teku - wani m spectacle da m a lokaci guda. Shi ne iya da ni'ima, da kuma kũtsa a cikin bugu. Wanda ya ga ba kawai mai girma photos na sharks, amma kuma wani garken fari dayansu da kaina, ba zai manta da wannan har abada. Bayan duk, har ma da zane-zane na predatory kifi da hankali da tunanin. Duniya sharks - mai ban mamaki, dama da kuma hatsari. Ancient da kuma na zamani halitta m predator cu] anya a wani musamman dabba, da jawo hankali, lokaci da kuma sake samar da wani tambaya: "Shark - shi ne mai kifi ko dabba mai shayarwa?"