Shinge kudi a Rasha da kuma a duniya ranking, tsarin sake dubawa. Shinge kudi - shi ne ...

A irin inuwa da wani iri-iri na theories da hasashe shekaru da dama kai ga kowace kungiya, da ake kira da shinge asusu. Abin takaici, wannan har yanzu ba abin mamaki bane, a matsayin gaskiya ainihi da halaye na aikin ne wasu duhu doki, har ma ga gogaggun tattalin arziki. Wannan ne sun fi mayar samu ta Kalmar "shinge" a cikin title - a cikin kudi management na yanayi ne, in general sharuddan, yana nufin tabbatar da ɗaukar hoto na kudi kasada.

Hakika, abokan ciniki batar game da irin wannan kungiyoyi da cewa da yawa wata hanya gane kawai a matsayin inshora da dama matsalar yanayi a filin na kudi, sun kariminci flavored kuma mafi yawa tabbatacce MATATTU daga kudi da kansu game da nasarar da ayyukan. Duk da haka, a gaskiya wannan kudi inji aiki ba haka ba ne, kamar yadda ya nuna, da kuma wannan yake a fili da wani abu da cewa kowa da kowa ya kamata ka sani shi ne sha'awar zuba jari da ribar.

Jigon da manufar kungiyar

Shinge kudi - mai zaman kansa ãdalci tarayya, wanda hakan shine kara da dawowar a kan zuba jari ga ba masu zuba jari hadarin ko rage haɗarin ga wani ba yawan amfanin ƙasa (wannan shi ne abin da ya bayyana da Kalmar "shinge" a cikin sunan - daga English kariya, inshora.). The sosai a yanayi irin wannan kudi ne sauki ra'ayin na samun daidaito da riba, a kan tushen da zuba jari ajiyar ko da na yanzu kasuwar halin da ake ciki: ko unprecedented downturn ko gagarumin ci gaba. Domin irin wannan matsaloli, amfani da hadaddun kudi dabarun, sau da yawa ciki har da ma] aukaka sayan hannun jari a cikin wani Long ko short sale, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

A duka bakan da fadi da dama na kudi ma'amaloli da za a iya dauka musamman m asusu. Kuma da kawai hadarin gudanar a kasuwa - m, shi ne prerogative na kawai wasu shinge kungiyoyin, masu rinjaye na wannan sha'ani daga - kadai daya daga cikin yiwu kayan aikin yin aiki tare da kudi, amma ba kawai aikin.

Yafi ajiyar kudi zuba jari da manajojin a fili ciniki Securities, amma, da gaske, suna iya zuba jari a kusan duk abin da, a cikin ra'ayi, da kuma dabarun ne iya kara kawo riba: ƙasa, dukiya, kayayyaki kasuwar, kudin da sauransu .. kadai ƙuntatawa a cikin wannan girmamawa, kai tsaye wajabta a zuba jari, furucin na asusun.

A lokaci guda kamar yadda mai yawa da damar zuba jarurruka a yi samuwa ne ba ga kowa da kowa wanda yake so ya kara masa nasa arziki: damar zuwa shinge asusu ne bude ko "tabbatar" ko sana'a masu zuba jari, wanda net daraja dole wuce akalla $ 1 da miliyan (ban da kudin da ta babban mazaunin). Wannan hanin akwai tare da lissafi na cewa sana'a masu zuba jari sun riga tattali, ga matsaloli da kasada, wanda ya shafi m zuba jari furucin da shinge kudi. Taƙaitawa akan yawan mahalarta, masu zuba jari m da Amurka hukumar a kan Securities da Exchange Commission da kuma shi ne 99 mutane iyakar, daga abin da a kalla 65 dole ne, kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin farkon, "girmamawa" (jari, da net albashi wanda, a karkashin Amurka doka, dole ne akalla $ 200 dubu). Ba da fāɗin yiwu asusun ayyuka, da kasada na iya zama sosai high, wanda a dokar obliges masu zuba jari da su zuba jari a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa su duka asara ba ya kunsa da wani lalacewar da kasafin iyali.

A haihuwa na juyin juya halin da kuma ta kafu daram lamba a kan tattalin arzikin duniya

Musamman domin da lokaci da kuma ƙarni na riba samun abin dabarun da aka ƙaga da ta American tattalin arziki Alfredom Uinslou Johnson, wanda a shekarar 1949 ya kafa farko shinge asusu a tarihi. Mawallafi hedged asusun sunan, kama da nasa. A sakamakon aikinsa, ya buga kawai shida shekaru daga baya, a shekarar 1965, wanda ta fito da wani yawa na amo, da kuma ban sha'awa a cikin kasuwar. A da shi, ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, ga dukan dabarun inji albashi a wani fadowa da wani tashin kasuwar ta yin amfani da haduwa da buying da sayar da hannun jari overvalued undervalued.

A farko ne Securities, yanzu darajar ne m, amma a wannan yanayin akwai wani alamun - dalilai-da harbingers na abin da farashin auka a nan gaba. Undervalued - kishiyar lokacin da rabo farashin ne low, amma suka yi da wani abubuwan da ake bukata, da kuma yiwuwar girma.

Amfani da kowa yana da sharuddan, da dabarun da aka bayyana a sama, Jones cimma m sakamakon - darajar ta zuba jari a kan shekaru goma na zama, da asusun kai 670%.

A nasara dabarun da aka babbar baza, da kuma ta 1968 a Amurka da Securities da Exchange Commission an rajista game da 140 zuba jari abokin ƙungiyoyi, wanda da dama a karkashin da definition "shinge asusu."

Duk da haka, juyin juya halin Musulunci na da lokaci, da ra'ayin kudi kusa da 2008-2009 juya a cikin wani real kudi bala'i, ya kira a fadi da'irori a matsayin "babban koma bayan tattalin arziki". Generated da ƙara yawa da kuma ƙara hadaddun kudi hasashe, da duniya rikicin na waɗanda shekaru samu babba tasiri daga shinge kudi da kansu, da kuma shinge kudi - shi ne, a ainihi, tabbas kungiyar. Duk da haka, domin kare kanka da objectivity, ya kamata a lura da cewa na farko kumfa bursting wannan kudi hadari ne kawai gidaje. Fice jinginar gida rance a astronomical sikelin da aka bayar yayin da a zahiri a kan kowa (a duba su yawa, kuma a cikin wadanda solvency a general iya ba rufe bashi wajibai), ja shi zuwa kasa na duk kudi da kuma bashi kansu, sa'an nan da rikicin a full kamar yadda shimfidawa da real tattalin arzikin da Amurka da kuma kasashen a sauran nahiyoyi.

Wasa a slide a hannun jari na bankuna, da zuba jari da shinge kudi, game da shi kawai exacerbate da girma kudi tsoro cewa muhimmanci tsara tattalin arziki auka a kan duniya sikelin. Kuma ko da yake wasu daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyi laifi ga duk abin da ya faru a wancan lokaci shi ne undeniable, kuma duk da haka ba kawai ba su da tasiri cikin abubuwan da suka faru. Zari ne masu amfani da kansu, wanda a wata hanya ba, baya zuwa profiteering na tattalin arziki, ya janyo hankulan da taro bayyanar da babbar bashi bashin da cewa kullum haifar kasance gaba daya disproportionate su ikon biya.

Don kwanan wata, duniya dawo dasu daga tsanani sakamakon rikicin, kuma iko a kan ayyukan da shinge kudi muhimmanci sabunta bayan kawai reparable duka don su kama matsayin kudi cibiyoyin. A cikin duka duniya kasuwar yana da game da 12,000 shinge kudi, manajan dukiya ana lasafta a iyaka dalar Amurka. Duk da haka, saboda da hadaddun da kuma musamman m, a mafi yawan lokuta, da shari'a da tsarin wadannan kungiyoyi, to lissafi mafi daidai yawa na dukiya takamaiman kudi ne musamman wuya.

Tsarin aka gyara na wani guda inji

Shinge kudi - shi ne a lokuta da dama musamman a cikin kungiyar na haɗin gwiwa tare da abubuwa da yawa da kuma nuances. Wasu suna wuce yarda da rikitarwa da kuma m, wasu kudin a matsayin mai sauki da kuma m tsarin - shi duka ya dogara ne a kan raga, dabarun da kuma aiki da hanyoyin da asusun. Duk da haka, kusan duk wani tsarin da shinge asusu kunshi wadannan key abubuwa:

• Masu zuba jari - da sosai mutane ba tare da wani dukiya wadda ba zai iya zama da wanzuwar da kuma aiki da Asusun. Kungiyar offers da sabis don zuba jari, da waɗanda suke a cikin hali na yarjejeniya, da su zuba jari da wani ɓangare na da babban birnin kasar. Bayan haka, a sakamakon daidai amfani da shi, a kan cewa akai shi fito da wani riba a cikin kasuwar, duka biyu ga abokin ciniki da kuma ga asusun.
• Lãmuncẽwa banki ko wakĩli - .. Wannan banki, wanda babban aiki ne don samar da abin dogara ajiya dukiya daga masu zuba jari, zama da shi kudin, Securities, mai daraja karafa, da dai sauransu A wasu lokuta, da asusun zai iya jawo hankalin "su" banki da za su gudanar da / ko aiki da ma'amaloli (amma yafi shi ne wani aiki ko da ga Firayim kulla). Bugu da kari, da wakĩli ne ma shiga a cikin shirye-shiryen da rahotanni a kan ma'amaloli jajirce da asusun ajiya. tabbaci na yarda da realpolitik na kula da bayyana a cikin shatan asusu na jerin raga. Hakika, irin wannan rawar ne yawanci a manyan banki tare da daskararrun m suna.
• kocin - da mutum, ko, kamar yadda mai mulkin, wani kamfanin da ya kira dukan zuba jari dabarun, tare da alhakin kowane daga cikin Asusun soma mafita. Bugu da kari, da shinge asusu manajan ma kulawa duk ayyukan.
• Board of Directors - ya yi aikin saka idanu na cikin ayyukan da management, kazalika da kamfanonin da samar da ayyuka ga asusun. The Board ne izini don warware rikici da kuma rikici al'amurran da suka shafi tsakanin masu hannun jeri kuma manajoji, sanya ma'aikata su manyan mukamai Asusun. Wannan kwamitin mambobi ne da kaina abin dogaro (har zuwa laifi) a yarda da duk wajabta asusu a cikin akida, da kuma dokoki na yarjejeniyar.
• gudanarwa - Ƙayyade da net darajar da Asusun ko da kuwa manajan, abin da ya sa shi da wani gagarumin hadarin raguwa a taron na kiyasta kuskure na karshen. Duk da haka, mafi ma'aikata sanya da ayyuka na lissafin kudi rahoto, biyan bashin da takardar kudi, yana mai gargadin hannun jeri asusun ayyukan, rarraba ribar zuwa hannun jeri, kazalika da biyan zuwa hannun jari / raka'a asusun da fansa.
• A farko ya kulla - a cikin wannan rawa ne yawanci manyan zuba jari banki, wanda ba ya gudanar da wani riqo na wuccin ma'amaloli a madadin shinge asusu a matsayin mai zaman kansa kulla. Primary asusun kulla na samar da wani iri-iri masu sana'a da sabis alaka share (share yarjejeniya tsakanin kamfanonin / kamfanonin / kasashen ta hanyar kayayyakin / Securities / sabis), lokacin da ake tsare da sabis da kuma aiki goyon baya.
• binciken - wani mutum yin tabbaci na yarda da halaye na stock rahoto na lissafin kudi da kuma kudi dokokin. Manajan yawanci gudanar da wani duba a kowace shekara, amma ko da irin wannan rare gwajin ba detract daga wannan matsayi a cikin tsarin da kungiyar - ba tare da binciken ya zarce kowane ta sauran sabis kamfanoni ko uku-jam'iyyar jamiái wuya yarda ya kula da asusun.
• Legal shawara - ake bukata don tabbatar da lasisi asusun matsayi, wanda aka bayar da izini gwamnoni a karkashin wani takamaiman bukatun. Lasisi buɗe sama mai yawa ya fadi ikon yinsa ga dama da kuma kafa zuba jari tushe, amma wanin wannan, da mai ba da shawara ne sau da yawa amfani a ƙarshe na daban-daban yarjejeniyarsu da yarjejeniyar.

Yana kamar haka bayyana tsarin shinge asusu. Sa'an nan, a cikin daban-daban lokuta, wannan makirci a yi iya zama ma fi Saukake (ko da tare da rashi na wani na sama images) ko kuma wani fiye da tortuous da wuya.

"The hankula asusu":-daban da kuma rarrabuwa a kan tushen da gudana zuba jari dabarun

Bugu da kari, duk da tsarin bangaren, da lamuni na duniya bango gano iri uku shinge kudi:

1. Global kudi - da ayyukan rufe dukan duniya kasuwar. Duk da haka, da dabarun yawanci tasowa irin wannan kudi a kan tushen da bincike da kuma kintace masu kuzarin kawo cikas na hannun jari na mutum kamfanoni.
2. Macro kudi - aiki na musamman a cikin tsarin na wani takamaiman kasa kasuwar. Yawancin lokaci bisa macroeconomic da kuma kudi halaye na wata} asa.
3. A zumunta kudin kudi - ruwan tekun Atlantika classic irin shinge kudi, kamar yadda suka kasance a farko ba ta zama. Tafiyar da kudi ma'amaloli a cikin kasuwar jari na wani guda ƙasar, ta amfani da mai kyau da haihuwa dabarun na sayar da hannun jari overvalued da kuma sayan unrated. A wannan yanayin, manajan kullum na sa ido na yanzu halin da ake ciki a kasuwar zabi mafi dace lokacin don a yarjejeniyar da samun matsakaicin riba.

Hakika, a cikin aikin hukuma rarrabuwa na da bambancin da kasuwannin duniya na shinge kudi da shi ba ya kawo karshen nan, saboda kadan da cewa ya hana a kula da su haifar da wani iri-iri na ƙarin subspecies da kuma rassan, idan bukata.

Don ƙarin bayani game da aiki lokacin da shinge kudi

Partnership siyasa na cikakken rinjaye na shinge kudi mayar da hankali a kan dogon lokacin da membobinsu na zuba jari, don haka da cewa gudunmawar kasance a zubar da asusun na dogon lokaci. Wannan yafi shafi fitarwa na sharudda: zuba jari kamata hana kungiyar na irin wannan yanke shawara a gaba, kuma da rata tsakanin jawo hankali da kuma karewa daga mambobin iya zama har zuwa 2-3 watanni (dangane da kafa dokokin). Wani sau da yawa ci karo da a yi madadin - da janye duk gudummuwa a tsabar kudi, amma farashin domin sayan / sayar da kadarori da aka kaddara kai tsaye ta cikin asusun. Kuma, ba shakka, a mafi irin haka, bambancin da ke tsakanin su ya kai wani muhimmanci Manuniya.

Alal misali, lokacin shigar, da barin ko kuma a cikin m rage ta bayar da dukan girma na zuba jari na kowane abokin an sake nazari kuma, daidai da, da ãdalci rabo ne kuma canza. Ƙarshe na membobinsu da dama masu zuba jari zai iya muhimmanci kara jimlar riba tsakanin sauran: management iya biya kashe ajiyar barin nisa mafi nasara zuba jari, da barin mafi alamar dukiya a cikin fayil. Saboda haka, bayan wani lokaci, mai shinge asusu iya samun wani kaifi karuwa a sama a kan babban birnin kasar saboda gudunmawar da cewa a baya halarci halittar samun kudin shiga da kuma aka baya janye barin for zuba jari, amma ba tukuna da lokaci don samun zuwa cewa batu na amfani saboda amfanin. Duk da haka, idan shinge asusu kafofin watsa labarai sun gani mai karfi Trend zuwa aiki shigarwa na zuba jari, daga gaba daya kishiyar sakamako a cikin nau'i na taro tsoro fita daga abõkan tarayya, kuma babu wanda yake rigakafi. Sau da yawa, shi ne fraught tare da ba kawai da fall na sama a kan babban birnin kasar, amma kuma da cikakken fatarar da dukan kungiyar.

More shubuha fiye da fadi da yankin na zuba jari a cikin harkokin kudi, shi ne mika tsarin na kwamitocin. Shinge kudi ne ba kawai daya coefficient amma aiki halin kaka, da kuma 2% a gudanar da dukiya da kansu da kuma 20% na wani riba. A wannan yanayin, ko da idan manajan aka rasa kudi da kuma ba su kawo wani samun kudin shiga, ya, bisa ga Articles na kunsawa, a wani hali, suna da wadannan 2% na jimlar girma na sarrafawa dukiya (da irin wannan tsarin da aka ayi kasafi mai suna "2 da 20"). Irin wannan tsarin hukumar zargin aikata ta a ɗumbin mafiya yawan duniyar shinge kudi. Duk da haka, da yawa manazarta yanzu musamman jaddada Trend na sauka a hankali miƙa kudi ga tsarin "1 da kuma 10". A cikin akwati a lokacin da iko ba kawai cajin lissafi daga ƙaddarãwar dukiya, an rufe ta a babbar yawan hukumar a kan ribar da generated.

A bin babban ribar: zamani ayyukan tare da wani zuba jari dabarun

Musamman bambancin da dama da kuma wuraren zuba jari, kazalika da sakamako na da yawa daban-daban dalilai kullum taimakawa ga tsara da kuma aiwatar da sabuwar fasahar for albashi na shinge kudi. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, ta zamani, na asali dabarun aiki a cikin kudi filin yana yiwuwa ya rarraba 'yan kowa iri:

• Long / gajeren wuri (Long / gajeren matsayi) - yawanci shinge kudi ga irin wannan dabarar aiki tare da 40% na dukiya. Shi ne ya saya undervalued dukiya (dogon) da kuma sayar da overrated (short).
• Market-tsaka tsaki arbitrage (Market-baruwan Arbitrage) - aiki ne kawai a lokacin da daya da kuma guda kudi dukiya a darajar a daban-daban mu'amala. A lura da hada da wani dogon matsayi a kan overvalued dukiya a kan daya musayar kuma short a kan sauran - inda wannan dukiya ana overvalued.
• Reaction zuwa events (aukuwa Kore) - dabarun dogara ne a kan wani m darajar hannun jari na wani kamfanonin da halartar wasu canje-canje (ko wani ci, saye, reorganization, da dai sauransu ...). Manajan gumãkan m lokaci for ma'amaloli (buy / sell) don tsara a layi wadannan m farashin da kasuwa.
• Short matsayin (Short nuna bambanci) - idan wannan dabarun asusun kullum riqe short matsayi, sunã tsirfatãwa a kasuwar ƙi.
• The real darajar (Darajar) - da zuba jari yi a Securities cewa ana sayar a wata rangwame ga muhimmi dukiya ko undervalued da kasuwar.
• Rikicin Securities (cike da hushi Securities) - sayan hannun jari a wata mai zurfi rangwame da wajibobi na kamfanonin da suke kan gab da fatarar ko sake fasalin kudin. Zuba jari da wannan dabarun kwakwalwa gaba da cewa a sakamakon ciki canje-canje zuwa zaba kamfanonin zai zama mafi iko, ya kawo tare da shi ya amfãnin.

Sau da yawa, kudi sun koma ga gauraye da dabarun, ta amfani ga riba, da dama daga cikin hanyoyin da aikin da aka ba a sama.

Standard tsari: abin da suke da dokokin wasan da kuma yin amfani da zama domin shinge kudi?

Quite lokaci mai tsawo shinge kudi sun kadai a duniya kasuwar saboda su sirri da kuma lax tsari na kudi ma'amaloli. Duk da haka, da rashin tsari da cikakken 'yanci da kuma na mataki, ba shakka, da jawabin iya taba tafi - normative tsari ya kudi, shi ne kuma ko da yaushe so. Yau, ba su hanzari girma da tasiri a kasuwannin duniya da kuma ƙara m manifestations daban-daban muzguna da Insider ciniki, na wucin gadi kwamitocin da kuma hukumomi saka idanu da kuma sarrafa su more sosai fiye da da.

A musamman, gabatar a watan Maris na shekarar 2012, Jobs dokar (Jumpstart Our Business kamfanin dokar), bayan dan lokaci da wani fairly gagarumin canji a cikin shinge kudi. Bunƙasa matsayin wajen inganta da kudade na daban-daban kananan kasuwanci cibiyoyin, da yi ya raunana iko da Securities kasuwar. Godiya ga sabuwar dokar, shinge kudi, ba su da damar zuba jarurruka, sun zama kusan babban samar da babban birnin kasar domin fara-rubucen da kuma kananan kamfanoni. Daga bisani, wannan harka da babban tasiri a cikin Satumba 2013 a kan dagawa da ban a kan tallace na shinge kudi da kamfanonin miƙa mutum jeri na Securities.

A ƙasashe da dama, da shinge kudi da ake bukata domin bayar da rahoton zuwa jihar kudi hukumomi a farko request daga cikin manyan mukamai na kwangila a kan kudin kasashen waje, kazalika don sanar da game da matsayi a kan kwanan nan saki a cikin wurare dabam dabam, ko kuma an shirya don en Securities. Irin matakan da aka gabatar musamman domin rage kudin haram da kuma da tabbatarwa daga iko a kan motsi na babban birnin kasar zuwa babban 'yan wasa ba ƙeta a kan bukatun da kananan' yan wasan a kasuwar.

Bugu da kari, manufofin da jihar iko da shinge kudi da aka nufin rage tsari hadarin rashin jituwa da kudi tsarin a matsayin dukan. Wannan aka nuna a cikin tsari na bukatun ga girman da gefe, na biyu kuma ya takaita da cewa kudi shamaki ne bude mutum zuwa mutum abokan ciniki.

Domin hana hadarin da rancen shinge kudi mafi girma a primary dillalai da kuma bankuna, a kullum ana sake kimantawa da matsayi dangi zuwa ga matsayi a kasuwar farashin yaba kudi. Wadannan rance dole ne a bayar da isasshen tabbaci a cikin nau'i na m dukiya. Bugu da kari, bankuna suna da hakkin su kafa iyaka a kan rancen domin kowane asusun dabam, dangane da nasu monitoring na zuba jari dabarun, wata-wata samun kudin shiga, lokuta da barin masu zuba jari da kuma tarihi na kasuwanci dangantaka.

A mafi nasara shinge kudi a duniya a yau

A halin yanzu, ba mafi kyau na sau for shinge kudi na ci gaba da ja ko da bara. A duka riba adadi shi ne m fiye da talakawan dabi'u rubuta a baya 'yan shekaru: most shinge kudi sanã'anta $ 517,6 miliyan bara, abin da? da wasu masana? mafi alhẽri sakamakon a 2014, amma a kan dukan 40% kasa a kwatanta da riba aikata a 2013.

Duk da haka, farashin dukkan dukiya, ko in ba haka ba da hannu a cikin ayyukan da shinge kudi, ya karu da kimanin $ 51,7 biliyan, kai a total kudin da aka kiyasta $ 2,97 tiriliyan.

The korau Trend na riba ƙi fili ya nuna ba kawai a kan ri kudi asarar sha wahala da ko mafi kyau shinge kudi na duniya, amma kuma a bayyane yake canje-canje a cikin ratings daga cikin karfi kasuwar 'yan wasa. Yana batar da matsayinsu kamar yadda sanannun Figures kamar Dzhon Polson na Paulson da kuma Co., Leon Cooperman na Omega mashawarci, kazalika da Daniel Loeb na Uku Point. Tsoffin wuraren da tabbaci entrenched 'yan wasa kamar Ken Griffin na kagara da Dzheyms Saymons na Renaissance Technologies. Dukansu for 2015 sun iya sami wani rikodin $ 1.7 biliyan, haka wajaba a koma ga pedestal daga cikin karfi shinge asusun manajoji.

Rating shinge kudi na iya bambanta cin zarafi, amai relentlessly a kan kasa riga, ga alama, lokaci-gwada da kuma kasuwar shugabannin. So da matsayi a halin yanzu da saman 'yan wasa ba su wahala ƙarshen shekara gagarumin asarar - kawai lokaci zai gaya. A halin yanzu, da shugabanci a kan dukan duniya ta shinge asusun riko da dozin wannan iko:

kocin	Foundation	riba
Kenneth Griffin	kagara	$ 1.7 biliyan
Dzheyms Harris Simons	Renaissance	$ 1.7 biliyan
ray Dalio	Bridgewater	$ 1.4 biliyan
David Tepper	Appaloosa	$ 1.4 biliyan
Isra'ila Inglander	Millenium Mgmt	$ 1.15 biliyan
Devid Shou	DE Shaw	$ 750 miliyan
John Overdek	biyu Sigma	$ Miliyan 500
David Siegel	biyu Sigma	$ Miliyan 500
Andreas Halvorsen	viking Global	$ 370 miliyan
Dzhozef Edelman	m mashawarci	$ Miliyan 300

Shinge kudi Rasha: ratings, al'amurra da yayi kayyade

Ba mafi riba sau for shinge kudi ta shafa a Rasha da takwaransa na Amirka yan kasuwa. Showing korau ya dawo, halin da ake ciki tare da m kudi a total ne kasa m fiye da a yammacin kasuwar, inda irin cibiyoyin suna dauke su daya daga cikin mafi m kudi kida, consistently kawo har zuwa 20% sama a kan zuba jari da kadan hadarin a mafi yawan lokuta.

A Rasha, zuba jari kudi yafi wakilta juna kudi (juna zuba jari kudi) da kuma asusun management (general kudi na banki management). Musamman shinge kudi na Moscow sau da yawa suna da matsayi na dõgara. Total otchestvennyh shinge asusu ne yanzu game da shida dozin. A irin wannan adadi da aka rajista, a tsakiyar eighties a Amurka, inda kasuwa a waɗannan kwanaki suna da gaske yaba shinge kudi. A Rasha, da dokokin muhimmanci ƙuntatãwa kayan aikin da kudi, ba kyale da yin amfani da sararin adadin dabarun a cikin kasuwar. A saboda wannan dalili, a babbar ɓangare na Rasha zuba jari tarayya rajista a cikin teku zones.

Saboda haka, tallafi na mai yawan canje-canje a dokokin a kan batun zai iya muhimmanci ta da da Rasha shinge kudi da su ci gaban tattalin arziki, da barin dauki cikin sabis a yawa fadi kewayon manufofin.

Ko da yake shinge kudi a Rasha ne ba don haka na kowa a cikin West, m misalai na shugabanni, wanda zai iya gasa da fafatawa a gasa a matakin kasa da kasa, za mu har yanzu akwai. A mafi tasiri daga cikinsu ya VR Global Offshore Asusun, wanda samun kudin shiga ga shekara amounted zuwa 32,32%. Amma irin wannan rikodin ga VR Global Offshore Asusun kasuwannin gida da ake samu cimma tarewa kudi: asusun na da mafi yawan tara ga masu zuba jari na farkon ritaya - 4.5%. Diamond Age Atlas Asusun sanã'anta kasa - 22,92% na jimlar riba, da barin baya Copperstone Alpha Asusun a kan uku line na rating. Bronze medalist ya iya girma a lokacin da shekara ta 22,06%.

A karshe, a karo na hudu wuri located Burnem kadari Management, wanda samun kudin shiga amounted zuwa 17,63% a bara.

A cikin hannãyenku daga cikin hudu da aka ambata, asusu da aka mayar da hankali game da 80% (3.425 dala biliyan) na jimlar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da sauran gasa a Rasha kasuwar. Fiye da rabin wadannan kudi - 1634000000 - mallakar VR Global Offshore Asusun.

Personal kwarewa da shinge kudi a review, kasuwar 'yan wasa da kansu

Yau, shinge kudi - wadannan su ne wasu daga cikin mafi riba da kuma a lokaci guda cikin barga zuba jari tarayya tsakanin mutane da yawa da sauran zabi su zuba jari a yau kasuwar. Manyan masu sana'a da 'yan kasuwa da kuma' yan kasuwa a search na riba, a matsayin mai mulkin, ko da yaushe lura a matsayin mafi girma da fifiko na kudi ma'aikata wadda suka amince su wuya sanã'anta kudi, shi ne mai shinge asusu. Reviews korau reviews m - watakila a yanzu ko wani zai amince da ra'ayin neznakomtsev- "gudummuwa" a cikin cibiyar sadarwa, a lokacin da gunki asusun sun zama kusan daya daga cikin manyan kayayyakin aiki, na kasuwanci.

A wasu al'amari ne cewa kasada sun kasance kullum, shi ne a yanzu, kuma zai ci gaba, musamman a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Saboda haka, ba kowane daya daga cikin shinge kudi iya zahiri zama cinikayya da zuba jari, amma Halicci karya ne a kusa da sunan ga guda m nufi - zamba.

Daya daga cikin mafi muni lokuta ya kan zamba Bernard Madoff, wanda kudin zuba jari Madoff Zuba Jari Securities game da $ 50 miliyan dubu. Ya zuba jari asusu, da kudin shigarwa wanda amounted zuwa dama dalar Amurka miliyan, aka san su da yawa mutane na high jama'a. Madoff kansa ya kuma san shi da karimci sadaka gudunmawa a cikin bincike da ciwon daji da kuma ciwon sukari, a zaben gefensa halin kaka da Amurka Democratic Party, kazalika a kan ci gaban al'adu da kuma cibiyoyin ilimi.

Duk da haka, wannan bai ajiye Asusun daga sananne bayan da rikicin a 1995 da sake fasalin kudin da zuba jari da cinikayya da kudi dala. Duk da haka, ya halicci kumfa fashe a marigayi 2008, bayan da Madoff aka yanke masa hukumcin ɗaurin kurkuku na 150 shekara.

A gaske samu 'yan wasa (mutanen da suka ba da farko miliyan aikata ta hanyar zuba jari kudi) da farko dubi shawarar m adadin shigar. Idan shi ne daidai ko kasa da $ 50,000, sa'an nan za ka iya tabbata a gare tabbata - da ka fuskanci wani HYIP, ya ɓadda a matsayin mai shinge asusu. Alal misali, lokacin da-gwada da kuma da dama daga abokan ciniki da kasashen waje shinge kudi suna shan wani m zuba jari na $ 100,000.