Soviet Armoured Personnel Carrier BTR-152: Bayani dalla-dalla

Matsalar shari ma'aikata bayan yakin duniya na II warai damu duk Soviet zane ofisoshin, da kuma musamman ma High umurninSa. Bisa baya kwarewa, shi ne bayyananne cewa yin amfani da wannan manufa al'ada manyan motoci kawai laifi, tun da wani mine, hari maƙiyi jirgin sama ko wuta daga kananan makamai za a iya aika a cikin abu wulakantacce dukan sashen. Shi ne kan bango na wadannan tunani da kuma na farko classic Armoured Personnel Carrier BTR-152.

Caterpillar ko dabaran?

Kuma wannan tambaya ba na banza, ko da a yau. Da farko da gwaninta na mu zanen kaya ba su da wani, safiyo da aka za'ayi a duka kwatance. Da farko lashe uzuri waƙoƙi: wadannan inji bribed gicciyensa, ba su iya rataya mai yawa makamai. Amma akwai wasu matsaloli.

Na farko, da wuya daga cikin horo ga makanikai, direbobi na irin wannan kayan aiki shi ne babban da kuma kadan baya zuwa abin da nazari ga motocin dakon. Motorized dakaru kamar yadda ya Asali wani taro na dakarun, da kuma horar da irin wannan yawan na sosai gwani kwararru da aka hampered. Bugu da kari, shi ya shafi mummunan kwarewa mai girma Patriotic War.

Muna magana ne game da dabaru. Sa ido sulke da motocin, ko bisa ga na farko lissafin ya cinye akalla 1/3 more man fetur, da kuma idan ka duba a kan makamai dangi da nauyi, har ma fiye. Yadda za a kawo wani mvssu dizal a cikin sabon babban yaki?

Bugu da kari, da dabaran da inji shi ne incomparably sauki ta yi aiki, gyara da kuma masana'antu, da sabis rayuwar su yafi. A karshe, wadannan APCs ne mun gwada da sauki yin iyo, yayin da sa ido motocin irin feint crank fitar da yawa wuya. A zabi da aka yi, da kuma zuwa ga haske 152-APC.

Fara na ci gaba

A farkon shekarar 1946 a shuka VMS aka kaddamar ƙasa ZIS-151 motoci. Sake, da kwarewa na shekaru baya, da mota da aka asali sanya iri daban dabam, daidai da dace domin yin amfani da kasa da tattalin arziki, da kuma a cikin rundunar sojojin. Ba da da ewa, designers gane da cikakken duniya ya faru ne kawai a cikin tatsuniyar da mafarkai, da kuma haka mayar da hankali a kan gudanar da bincike a fagen zalla sojojin transporter, wanda ya karbi index "Object-140".

Used inji daga tuta ZIS. Har ila yau, an aro daga frame kuma, a kan truncated 385 mm. Amma wannan rangadi layout designers amfani da uku axles. Ba kamar da asali model aka yi amfani a matsayin Extended dakatar tafiya, kuma mafi iko, ya mika da kuma karfafa marẽmari.

taya Bayani dalla-dalla

Tayoyin - tare da kara girman da kuma iko hooks cewa samar da karin permeability na kusan duk wani irin gona, a wani yanayin da yanayin damina.

Tayoyin zaci su yi amfani kawai da low matsa lamba (4 kg / cm ^3). Domin duk gadoji tambaya guda waƙa. Resistance zuwa lalacewa (ciki har da lokacin da shelling) designers ya asali shirya da za a samu ta amfani da mai tsarin da biyu da bẽnãye, kuma saka na'urorin Karkasa inflating su kan tafi. Don 152 APCs iya cire sojojinta daga cikin hatsari wuraren da iyakar gudu daga cikin na'ura engine aka tilasta nan da nan zuwa 118-122 lita. wani. (Tabbatarwar darajar amma ba ya wuce 110 l. C.).

Main halaye na na'ura

Casing - m type, welded daga makamai faranti, wanda kauri ya 6, 8, 10 da kuma 13 mm. By da m da m karkata daga cikin frontal makamai karshen iya "ci gaba" da bugawa harsasai 12.7 mm. Engine daki - a gaban mashin, da iko module located baya shi. Kamar BTR-40, da saukowa a bay wannan naúrar aka located in mayar da shi gaba daya bude a saman.

Domin kariya daga Airborne turɓãya da hazo amfani da m tarpaulin. Embarkation da kuma saukowa aka za'ayi ta hanyar wata kofa a baya na hukuma. A gaban wani ɓangare akwai biyu kofofin ta hanyar abin da ya hau a cikin mota direba da kuma sojan igwa.

kai tsaro kayayyakin APC

Front makamai takardar yana da wani gina-in blinds, facilitates secretive review na unguwannin ga ma'aikatan jirgin. Manholes a fama da yanayi tsammani rufe iyakoki da abun da ake sakawa na gashi zafin harsashi-hujja gilashi. A abun da ke ciki daga cikin ma'aikatan makaman kai-152 Armoured Personnel dako hada da: 7,62 mm SG-47 (na'ura gun Goryunova tsarin), wanda aka baya maye gurbinsu SGM. A lokuta biyu, da girma na ammonium wuce dubu akai-akai na ammonium.

A makami da za a iya saka a kan daya daga cikin makamai da suke a kowane gefe (guda biyu, kowane). Har ila yau a cikin bangarorin akwai sau daya a zagaye shida loopholes, ta amfani da, da ƙungiya iya wuta daga na sirri bindigogi. Alhakin sadarwa gwada robust da kuma sauki radio 10-PT-12.

Nassi na jihar gwaje-gwaje, karshe kanta

Da farko BTR-152, wanda yana da wani photo a cikin labarin ya tafi a kan fitina a farkon shekarar 1947. A lokaci guda "gasar" uku samar da inji jerin. A gwajin da sakamakon ya tabbatar da kyau kwarai al'amurra na sabon Armoured Personnel dako. A musamman, ta permeability ne muhimmanci m ga cewa daga cikin Gaz-63. A kan babbar hanya da mota iya hanzarta nan da nan don 80-85 km / h. Bayan shekaru uku, da model APC-152 ya gaba daya wuce duk gwajin, saukarwa, da mota da aka hukuma da ya sa a cikin sabis na Soviet Army.

Batun da m zamani

Armoured abin hawa samar a shuka VMS. A general, duk sun amince da a kan ra'ayin cewa designers gudanar ya halicci fairly sauki, amma sosai m mota da cewa shi ne cikakken Fit ga manufar. Hakika, wasu shortcomings sun kasance nata. Alal misali, ta ikon yawa da aka gwada da rauni, da kuma permeability (idan aka kwatanta da sa ido motocin) bai isa manufa. Amma duk da wannan kaya.

A zamani na BTR-152 da aka za'ayi baya, bayan da inji da wani index B. Wannan sigar da aka soma a shekara ta 1955, kuma a lokaci guda shi kaddamar a cikin taro samar. Babban bambancin daga ainihin model sun gyara da kuma majalisai daga duk ƙasa ZIL-157 truck, wanda ta sa'an nan aka maye gurbinsu da ZIL-151 a kan factory taro line. Duk da haka, babban sabon abu na wannan inji shi ne shigar da ingantattun, "ci-gaba" Karkasa iska kumbura tsarin na taya (12.00 x 18).

Patency da kuma fama survivability na Armoured Personnel dako a lokaci guda da aka muhimmanci karu. A karshe, 152 Armoured Personnel dako (Soviet Armoured Personnel Carrier) ya samu wani iko da winch samovytaskivaniya, ƙwarai simplifying da rayuwar ta direba. , Wanne ya bayyana a shekarar 1957, da gyara na B1, har ma ya samu wani sabon version of a tsakiyar hula kumbura tsarin, wanda aka fi kare daga yiwu lalacewa. A karshe, cikin mota ya samu wani sabon rediyo P-113, ne mafi m.

Last gyara

Aƙalla a daidai wannan lokacin da Armoured Personnel dako ya fara sa dare hangen nesa TVN-2, da kuma a cikin saukowa bay an karshe dumama tsarin da cewa nan da nan ya yaba da sojoji Trans-Baikal Soja District. A shekarar 1959, a kan makamai gudana serial Soviet BTR-152K, bambancin da ya gaban wata al'ada sulke rufi da kuma shaye fan.

A rufin ne sosai tasiri a kan aminci da saukowa. A fannoni da dama, da yin amfani da irin wannan sanyata bayani ne saboda zargin amfani da makamai NATO makaman nukiliya a daban-daban bambancin.

A mafi muhimmanci canje-canje na karshe gyara

Da fari dai, jiki tsawo ya karu nan da nan zuwa 300 mm. Dukan tsawon daga cikin rufi akwai wani ƙyanƙyashe rufe da makamai faranti. Don m cover ya fi sauƙi ga bude, suna da alaƙa da torsion mashaya. Gaggawa kofa located a raya na na'ura, a kan shi da kayayyakin dabaran da aka saka. Sama da direba ta wurin da aka yi raba m da ake bukata domin shigarwa na dare hangen nesa na'urar TVN-2.

Kamar yadda a baya versions, wani Armoured Personnel Carrier da hudu baka don hawa inji bindigogi, amma wadannan da aka shigar a kan bangarorin da abin da aka makala ba shine al'amarin ba, amma kai tsaye a kan rufin. A cikin rawar da makamai zai iya bauta wa abin koyi SGMB ko FCT. Sojan igwa matsayi ne kawai sama da iko sashen. Ya kamata a lura cewa wasu daga cikin sulke da motocin da aka kullum bã tãre da bindigogi.

Ba kamar da bambancin, wannan soja BTR-152 ba su da wuraren zama ga ƙungiya shigar kai tsaye a saman da man fetur tankuna. Saboda wannan adadin paratroopers ragu, amma muhimmanci ƙãra fama survivability na na'ura. Bugu da kari, sababbin abubuwa da aka nuna a cikin zane na engine, wanda ya karbi aluminum Silinda kai.

Samar da wani kai-propelled gun shigarwa

Wannan tsari shi ne na farko da kuma na karshe a cikin Soviet Army yi da dabara, dangane da wanda aka halitta na musamman kai-propelled na'ura gun. A farko model, da BTR-152A (ZTPU-2), sun fara nuna a 1950, kusan lokaci guda tare da saki wani Armoured Personnel Carrier. Hukumance, wannan dabara da aka sa a cikin sabis a 1951.

Amma a shekara ta 1952, a jihar gwaje-gwaje zo gaskiya "dodo" ZTPU-4 (biyu guda biyu KPVT, a total na hudu ganga zamo 14.5 mm). Harsasai da wannan na'ura ne 2000 Shots. Firepower fasaha ya kasance m, amma saboda sunadaran da manual saiti ne sosai wuya su koyi, m a soja da kafuwa ba sa.

Sanya wannan zabin ne kawai 'yan kofe, soma "Spark" da aka taba dauka. Ina nasara shi ne Zu-23 zamo 23 mm, da kuma musamman inji iko BTR-152U, rarrabe abin da yake da jiki da wani muhimmanci ƙãra tsawo. Wannan ya yi domin shige a cikin ciki ƙarfi ya fi girma kayan aiki.

Yau, da BTR-152 tare da kiyayewa ne mashahuri a cikin m haraji da magoya na soja da kayan aiki, da kuma wani da ke sa su musamman motocin tsara don tafiya a kan farauta da kama kifi.