SSD - abin da yake da shi? SSD iri. A abũbuwan amfãni daga SSD zuwa HDD

Kila, kowane mutumin da ya saba da fasaha na kwamfuta ya sani ko a kalla an ji game da irin wannan na'urar a matsayin kundin SSD. Mene ne kuma wane rawar da yake taka a kwamfutar? A takaice, ana amfani da SSD don yin rikodi da adana bayanan mai amfani. Mutum na iya jayayya cewa akwai matsala masu wuya ga wannan. Kuma wannan sanarwa zai zama daidai, saboda waɗannan ɓangarori na kwamfutar sunyi aiki daidai. To, menene SSD-disk da aka ƙera don, menene shi, yadda yake aiki da yadda yake bambanta da na al'ada HDD? Za ka iya samun amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyi a wannan labarin.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin rumbun kwamfutarka da kuma hard drive SSD? Mene ne wannan na'urar kuma menene babban ka'idoji na aiki?

Zuwa kwanan wata, babban wuri don adana mafi yawan fayiloli akan komfuta shi ne rumbun kwamfutar. Idan kun rabu da shi, zaku iya samun ma'anar muni a ciki. Ya ƙunshi nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i a kan shugabanci na musamman. Tsakanin waɗannan faranti yana motsa karusa, wanda ya samo ya karanta bayanan da ya dace. Ma'anar kwamfutar ta kama kama da harshe, amma waɗannan ayyuka suna aiki ne daban-daban. Ba kamar injin na'ura ba, drive daga cikin rumbun kwamfutarka yana motsawa cikin sauri na dubban mita a minti daya kuma yana aiki da aiki dangane da kwashe da rikodin bayanin.

Amma ga SSD-drive, ko kuma, kamar yadda aka kira shi, kwaskwarima, ana amfani da shi don wannan mahimmancin dalili. Wannan kawai yana aiki ne gaba daya. A cikin wannan na'urar babu wasu motsi masu motsi, kuma ana sanya kwakwalwan ƙira don adana bayanai. Ƙaƙƙarwar kwaskwarima tana kama da babban ƙwaƙwalwar USB ɗin USB, wadda za a iya sanya shi a wurin wani rumbun kwamfutar.

Basic ka'idojin aiki na m-jihar tafiyarwa

Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na SSD-disks yana ƙunshe da tubalan na musamman, wanda aka raba zuwa sel, inda aka adana bayanai masu dacewa. Duk zai zama lafiya, amma babban matsala ta taso ne lokacin da kake buƙatar cire bayanan bayanan ko sake rubuta shi. Gaskiyar ita ce, ba shi yiwuwa a share wani ɓangare na bayanan daga wani asusun, amma ya zama dole a tsara dukkanin sashen. A wannan yanayin, ana adana bayanan da ake buƙata a cikin ɓangaren ƙwayoyin maƙwabtaka kuma sai a sake sake rubuta su zuwa tsohuwar wuri. Yi tsammani kana son ajiye bayanai na 10 KB a girman. A wannan yanayin, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tana da damar 20 KB, 10 KB wanda an riga an shafe shi. A wannan yanayin, an sauke bayanin da ke kan faifai zuwa wani wuri, an cire dukkan asalin kuma kawai an rubuta tsoho da sabon bayanai. Ya bayyana cewa don aiki guda ɗaya tsarin yana aiwatar da wasu ƙarin ayyuka, wanda zai haifar da jinkirin kuma yana ƙaruwa da sauƙi na motsa jiki mai karfi.

Don ƙara haɓaka na'urar, dole ne ka yi amfani da shirin na musamman wanda ake kira TRIM, ko kuma, kamar yadda aka kira shi a wani lokaci, ƙaddamar da SSD. Menene wannan kuma yadda yake aiki, za muyi la'akari. TRIM ba ma aikace-aikacen ba ne, amma umarni na musamman da tsarin sarrafawa ya aika zuwa kwakwalwa mai kwakwalwa don gano abubuwa marasa amfani. Tare da wannan aikin, zaka iya share fayilolin da ba dama ba, nan da nan don kaucewa ƙarin aiki tare da canja wurin bayanai ga yankuna makwabta. Kuma wannan yana inganta aikin SSD. Amma wannan umarnin baya tallafawa ta hanyar sassan tsarin aiki. Saboda haka, don haɗa TRIM akan kwamfutar dole ne a shigar da Windows 7 ko 8, Linux version 2.66.33 ko mafi girma.

Menene SSD ya kunshi?

Bayan nazarin bambance-bambance tsakanin wurare biyu na shagon bayanai, zamu zauna cikin cikakken bayani game da yadda aka tsara SSD SSD, waɗanne irin na'urorin da suka kasance da yadda suke aiki. A cikin bayyanar shi ainihin akwatin ne da masu haɗawa don haɗi zuwa kwamfuta. Bugu da ƙari, SSD-diski don amfani da gida an sanye su tare da musayar Sata, USB 3.0 da PCI-Express, wanda ba tare da wasu matsalolin ba da gudunmawar buƙatar rubutu da karantawa.

Babu motsi na motsi na motsi a cikin kwaskwarima. Saboda wannan, sun fi tsayayya da abubuwan da ke waje na tasiri. Alal misali, na'urar al'ada HDD-diski abu ne mai banƙyama, saboda idan a lokacin girgiza ko fadowa da karatun ya rufe nauyin farantin karfe, wannan zai haifar da kwashe mai ɗaukar hoto. Amma sasantaccen sakonni na musamman an shirya shi sosai. A cikin waɗannan na'urori ana shigar da allo na musamman, wanda ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar take da mai kulawa. Wasu SSDs sun hada da ɗakunan ajiya da ƙananan batura wanda, a yayin tashin hankali na ƙwaƙwalwa, samar da cache tare da ƙarin ƙarfin, kuma an adana bayanai akan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Yanzu bari mu dubi ainihin kayan aikin kwaskwarima.

Ƙwaƙwalwar SSD: mece ce kuma menene manyan ayyuka?

Yawancin SSDs suna amfani da NAND, ko, kamar yadda ake kira, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Irin wannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta ana amfani da na al'ada ja ruwa, kawai m-jihar ajiya, su ne abin dogara da kuma babban gudun aiki na bayanai saboda gaban na kula. Saboda rashin kudin ku, an yi amfani dashi a cikin SSD, saboda abin da waɗannan na'urori sun zama masu isa ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Wani amfani da wannan irin ajiyar ne cewa shi ne ba maras tabbas, kuma ba ya bukatar ƙarin wutar lantarki ga aiki.

Bugu da ƙari, fasaha ta NAND, ana amfani da SSDs wasu lokuta a cikin kwaskwarima. Irin wannan ƙwaƙwalwar yana da babban gudun rubuce rubuce da kuma karanta bayanai saboda amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka yi amfani da su wajen ƙirƙirar RAM. Zai buƙaci haɗin kai ga wutar lantarki, don haka a cikin SSD-disks ta yin amfani da RAM, sau da yawa shigar da wasu batura a yayin da aka gazawar wutar lantarki. Saboda girman farashin samar da waɗannan kwastan, suna da wuya a samu su a cikin gida da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Mahimmanci, ana amfani da RAM-SSDs a cikin tsarin kwamfuta na manyan kamfanonin don ƙara gudu da aiki tare da bayanai.

A yau, yawancin masu tafiyarwa suna amfani da NAND memory. Duk da haka, bayanan SSD-disks ya bambanta da juna ta hanyar gudunmawar rubutu, karatun bayanai da farashi. Duk duk ya dogara ne akan kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka yi amfani da su a cikin drive: SLC, TLC ko SSD MLC. Menene wannan kuma menene bambanci tsakanin su? Saboda haka nuna a fakaice daban-daban -daban na flash memory. Fasaha ta zamani ita ce MLC, godiya ga wanda za'a iya adana bayanan guda biyu a cikin tantanin halitta ɗaya. TLC ya sa ya yiwu a rubuta kusan 3 ratsi, amma wannan zai haifar da mummunan ƙwayoyin cuta, saboda haka wannan fasahar ba ta da kyau. Mafi sauri da kuma mafi tsawo shine SLC-memory, tare da taimakon wanda za ka iya rubuta kawai wani bit na bayanai a cikin kowane cell. Daga cikin rashin daidaituwa za'a iya gano kawai farashi, wanda shine sau 2 fiye da farashin SSD MLC.

Mai sarrafawa

Mai gudanarwa shine mafi muhimmanci, ba tare da abin da SSD ba zai iya aiki ba. Mene ne kuma abin da yake da nasaba, zamu sami karin bayani. Wadannan na'urori suna aiki akan rabawa akan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, suna da alhakin karantawa da rubuta bayanai, gyara kurakurai da damfara fayiloli. Mai gudanarwa yana kama da cibiyar kula da inda aka yanke shawara game da aikin bayanai. Yana daga wannan daki-daki cewa gudun aikin aiki na kwaskwarima-kwakwalwa da karfinta ya dogara. Babban ɓangarorin masu kula da su shine mai ƙwayar microprocessor na musamman, wanda duk nauyin ya ɓace. Har ila yau, gudun na'ura ya dogara da ingancin firmware.

Ƙananan ƙananan kamfanoni suna da hannu wajen samar da SSD-disks, saboda fasaha da suka yi ya zama mai sauƙi kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci kaɗan fiye da ƙirƙirar kundin kwamfutar hannu. Duk abin da kake buƙatar shine sayan kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, masu kulawa da kuma motherboards, inda duk abin zai fadi. Bayan haka, an tsara zane a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin tare da alamar alama - kuma kaya suna shirye don sayarwa. Amma abubuwan da aka tsara don samar da takaddamfan kansu suna da babban farashin, banda gagarumin farashi zai buƙaci ƙirƙirar mai sarrafawa da ƙwarewa mai ƙarfi. Saboda haka, farashin SSD-tafiyarwa zuwa kwanan wata ya fi girma fiye da na al'ada HDD.

Hybrid SSD HDD

Yanzu bari mu dubi matasan SSD HDD. Mene ne wannan na'urar kuma menene ake nufi? Kowace shekara, masu tafiyar da kwaskwarima suna samun karuwa. Masana kimiyya ba su tsaya ba tukuna, kuma matsalolin tafiyar da hankali sun haɗa da sannu-sannu da tsarin sophisticated. SDD-disks suna a cikin kwakwalwa da yawa, amma ana amfani da su azaman ajiyar ajiyar bayanai, da ƙarin. Kuma duk saboda farashin su yafi girma idan aka kwatanta da al'amuran dunkina. Don ramawa ga wannan rata tsakanin nau'o'in nau'i biyu, an halicci matasan HDD SSD. Wane nau'i ne kuma abin da ke amfani da shi, zamu yi ƙoƙari muyi la'akari da cikakken bayani.

A zuciyar ɗayan matasan kamfani ne guda HDD ba tare da wani canje-canje ba. Amma a game da waɗannan tafiyarwa an saka wasu kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman wuri mai buƙata. Bayanin da aka fi amfani dashi ana kofe shi. Wannan ya ƙyale ƙara yawan saukewar saukewa na wasu aikace-aikacen da kuma tsarin sarrafawa kanta, idan aka kwatanta da nagartaccen kayan aiki. Matsakaicin adadin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a irin wannan SSD matasan shine 8GB. Menene wannan ya haifar da sakamakon? A gaskiya, muna da wani abu a tsakanin rumbun kwamfutarka da ƙananan kwashe-kwakwalwa. A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar buffer, ba za ka iya sauke bayanai ko shigar da aikace-aikacen ba. An yi amfani dashi azaman ajiyewa don ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye na farko wanda mai amfani ba zai iya sarrafa kansa ba. Dangane da farashi, farashin kayan aiki na kamfanonin ƙananan ya fi daidaitattun SSD, amma mafi girma daga HDD, banda waɗannan basu da kyau a kasarmu, saboda haka ba a sayar da su a ko'ina ba.

Abũbuwan amintattun Ƙididdigar Kasuwanci

Wani bangare na kwamfutar zamani shine SSD-drive. Mene ne wannan na'urar da kuma yadda yake aiki, mun gano, har yanzu ya kasance don nuna alamar abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci da rashin amfani idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada HDD. Bari mu fara tare da al'amurra masu mahimmanci na masu tafiyar da kwaskwarima.

A mafi muhimmanci amfani da SSD ne m gudun karanta da kuma rubuta bayanai. Sun kasance sau da yawa fiye da kyawawan diski. Alal misali, gudunmawar aiki na wasu kaya ya wuce 500 MB / s. A aikace, wannan yana ba da damar aiwatar da shirye-shirye da kuma tsarin aiki kanta, wanda aka ɗora a cikin wani abu na hutu. Wannan yana da mahimmanci, saboda ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa na yanzu suna da babban aiki, wanda ya rage jinkirin HDD. Amma tare da zuwan sababbin tafiyarwa, gudun su ya karu sosai.

Za'a iya kiran naurorin SSD na gaba tare da su mafi girman tsayayya ga abubuwan waje. Ba su da irin wannan matsala mai wuya kamar yadda ake tafiyar dasu. Saboda haka suna iya jurewa girgiza, tsinkaye da tsinkaye a jikin jiki. Wadannan na'urori zasu zama kyakkyawan bayani ga kwamfyutocin. Bugu da ƙari, sun fi dacewa da magance canjin yanayi.

Wani amfani da SSD shi ne salama da rashin amfani. Saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai motsi na motsi a cikin kwakwalwa masu wuya, suna fitar da wani ƙaramin murya. Bugu da ƙari, a yanayin HDD aiki yana da isasshen zazzabi mai yawa, saboda haka masu sanyaya dole su juya a cikin yanayin da aka inganta. Amma duk waɗannan matsalolin suna hana SSD, wanda ba ya da zafi, kada ku yi rikici kuma ku rage wutar lantarki.

Abubuwa mara kyau

Bayan da aka kiyasta duk abubuwan da aka samu na sasantawa a cikin ƙasa, ya kasance don gano abin da raunin da aka samu na SSD. Mene ne wadannan kuskure? Na farko daga cikin wadannan shi ne babban nauyin irin wannan tafiyarwa. Duk da sauƙin zane, ƙaddamar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙƙwawar hanya ce. Amma kada ka damu da wannan, saboda fasaha yana ci gaba da cigaba, kuma sannu-sannu farashin waɗannan kayayyaki suna faruwa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan suna iya daidaita farashin HDD.

Bayan an dawo da baya, zaka iya zaɓar na biyu. Saboda yawan kudaden ƙananan jihohi suna da ƙananan ƙarfin aiki fiye da matsaloli masu wuya. Alal misali, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar wasu HDDs 8 TB, yayin da SDDs sun kai kawai TB.

Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararraki ba ta daɗewa, kuma bayan ƙarshen wasu adadin haruffa na sake rubutawa, ya kasa. Kodayake ƙarni na waɗannan na'urori suna da nauyin sabis na isa, amma dole ne a shirya don gaskiyar cewa wata rana drive zai daina aiki, kuma zai zama matsala don mayar da bayanin.

Ina so in kara cewa SSD yana fama da rashin lafiya a cikin wutar lantarki. Idan bayan daya daga cikin wadannan wutar lantarki ya sauke shi ƙonewa, to, bazai yiwu ba ne don samun bayanai. A cikin yanayin HDD-disk, wani rukuni zai yi nasara a ciki, kuma mafi yawancin zai kasance marar lahani, don haka zaka iya cire dukkan bayanan da ba a sani ba.

Mene ne ya kamata zan dubi lokacin sayen SSD?

Bayan nazarin bayanan game da kayan aiki mai ƙarfi, masu amfani da yawa, watakila, sun so su sayi wannan na'urar don kwamfutar su. Amma kada ku tafi cikin kantin sayar da kaya da sauri kuma ku ɗauki abu na farko wanda ya zo. Ga wasu matakai don taimakawa wajen zabar SSD.

Da farko kana buƙatar kulawa da adadin SSD. Mene ne? A wasu kalmomin, da yawan gina-in flash ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na'urar. Mafi girman darajarta, ana iya rubuta ƙarin bayani. Amma ba buƙatar saya kayan da ya fi tsada ba, saboda ana amfani da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don shigar da tsarin aiki da aikace-aikace a kansu, kuma babban wurin ajiyar bayanan har yanzu shi ne rumbun kwamfutar. Bayan kammala tsarin SSD ne kawai ta 60-120 GB, zaka iya samun karuwa mai yawa a gudun kwamfutarka.

Gudun karatu da yin koyi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Mafi girma shi ne, mafi kyau, amma ya faru cewa mahaifiyar bata iya bayyana yiwuwar SSD-disk saboda ƙananan bandwidth na bas. Ya faru cewa a cikin tsoffin littattafai ko PCs babu wani ma'ana don shigar da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, koda bayan sabuntawa tsarin zaiyi aiki daidai da a kan HDD na yau da kullum. Saboda haka, yana da kyau muyi nazarin sanyi na kwamfutarka, sa'an nan kuma tafi cikin shagon. A mafi girma iya aiki ne SATA3 dubawa, kuma IDE ga wasiyya mashigai bukatar musamman da adaftan ga SSD kafuwa.

Mafi muhimmin sashi na kowane kwaskwarima mai karfi shine mai kulawa. Wannan shi ne wannan daki-daki wanda ke sarrafa duk matakan da ke hade da aiki na bayanai. A kan irin yadda za a iya inganta shi, tsawon lokacin da duk na'urar ta dogara, saboda haka ana bada shawara don ba da fifiko ga masana'antun tabbatarwa da tabbatarwa. Shugabannin samarwa su ne SandForce, Marvell, Intel, Indilinx.

A ƙarshe, kula da girman girman drive. Ga PC wannan ba mahimmanci ba ne, saboda za ka iya shigar da wani SSD a cikin tsarin tsarin, kuma tare da kwamfyutocin ƙila za ka iya samun matsaloli.

Ka'idoji na asali don aiki na kwaskwarima mai kwakwalwa

Bayan nazarin sake dubawa na masu amfani da masana, zamu iya gane cewa wani ɓangaren ɓangaren kwamfuta na zamani shine SSD hard drive. Abin da wannan yake da kuma yadda yake aiki, mun riga mun yi la'akari. Yanzu kuna buƙatar koyon yadda za ku yi amfani da shi daidai. Abin mamaki shine sauti, amma don fahimtar dukkanin kwarewar kayan aiki na kwaskwarima, dole ne ku bi ka'idoji kaɗan.

Ba lallai ba ne su cika duk samammiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don iya aiki. Mutane da yawa watsi da wannan mulkin, saboda SSD yana da babban farashi, don haka da cewa masu amfani saya kananan Stores, kuma mai cikakken ɗora Kwatancen da suka bukatar da ba bayani. Amma dole ne mu tuna cewa idan ka bar akalla 25% free sarari, da aiki gudun zai rage muhimmanci. Gaskiyar ita ce, da mafi ƙwaƙwalwar, cikin mafi girma da yawan free tubalan, inda data za a iya rubuta. Lokacin da sararin samaniya ne ma kananan, da bayanin da aka rarraba kan Kwayoyin na makwabtaka tubalan, da kuma wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a yi.

Yana da daraja ambaton cewa yin amfani da SSDs iya muhimmanci inganta wasan kwaikwayon na kwamfutarka, don haka suka suna shawarar ka shigar da tsarin aiki, da aikace-aikace da kuma m wasanni. Amma a matsayin babban mangaza na bayanai zama dole yin amfani da HDD. Shi ne tattali da kuma m, saboda su iya jimre da sake kunnawa audio da video files ba muni fiye da SSD.

Shi ne mafi kyau da cewa kwamfutarka ne a guje daya daga cikin sabuwar siga na Tsarukan aiki. Alal misali, Windows XP ko Vista talauci gyara domin aiki tare da m-jihar tafiyarwa ba su goyi bayan datsa umurninSa.