St. Lawrence Island: description, location, photos

Tsibirin na St. Lawrence - a ƙasa da cewa nasa ne Alaska (USA) da aka located a cikin Bering mashigar. Ya mai suna girmama na saint, da Eskimos asali kira shi Sivukak.

Gwargwadon matsayi

St. Lawrence Island aka located a Arewa Pacific Ocean. Nishadi matsayinsa aikata abin da ya ke tsakanin Tsoho da Sabon halittu, tsakanin nahiyoyi na Eurasia da kuma Arewacin Amirka. Bugu da kari, tsibirin da aka a tsaka-tsaki na biyu teku - da Pacific da kuma Arctic, a cikin Bering Sea, wanda yake shi ne m teku na tekun Pacific. Yana yana tsarawa daga 170 °. d. kuma 63 ° C. w. St. Lawrence Island an cire a 231 km kudu-maso-yammacin daga birnin Nome (United States, Alaska). Kuma shi ne located 74 km arewa-maso-gabas da Chukotka (Rasha, Chukotka Larabawa). Tsibirin ne 140 km da kuma fadin - 35 km.

yanayi

Ƙasa hana da yawa, wakilta, mai bayyana low tuddai da raba mukamai. Tsororuwar nan - dutsen Atuk - fiye da 670 mita high. Wajibi ne a ambaci da na halitta sabon abu - na dindindin polynya. A polynya aka located kudu da tsibirin. Ta kafa rinjaye gabas da arewa iska tafiyarwa tafi da kankara daga bakin gaci a cikin teku. A sauyin yanayi ne Maritime subarctic, don haka yana da matukar matsananci yanayi ne wani tsibirin. Photos of wadannan wuraren nuna cewa Flora nan ne sosai wanda bai isa ba. A tsirin halayyar da tundra zone - low-girma shrubs, yafi Arctic Willow. Ya bambanta da Flora akwai wani sosai bambancin fauna. Wannan shi ne saboda da kusanci da karfi igiyoyin da cewa kawo yawa plankton, da kuma kifi da motsa. M abinci janyo hankalin mazauna na dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye, da samar da nan rookeries. A kowace shekara shi tashi game da miliyan 3 samfurori na teku da tsuntsaye. Ci a nan son baki guillemot, puffin, guillemot, tsuntsun seagull tridactyl da Loon.

labarin

Ban sha'awa wuri ne ba abin mamaki ba, saboda tsibirin - shi ne da sauran Isthmus tsakanin nahiyoyin biyu. In ba haka ba, za ka iya ce, "tsage" ƙasar gada. Wannan ya nuna cewa akwai sau daya Duniya ta ƙasar, a kan abin da prehistoric matafiya kasance wani ɓangare na your hanya a cikin kwanaki na magance of America.

Tsibirin da aka gano da Rasha balaguro jagorancin Danish-haife Rasha sojan ruwa jami'in Vitus Bering. Wannan taron ya faru a cikin watan Agusta 1728, a rana lokacin da akwai wani idi na St. Lawrence.

yawan

An ban sha'awa batu na tsibirin shiri. Mutane nan sun bayyana game da miliyan 2 da suka wuce. Waɗannan su ne Eskimos daga Alaska da Chukotka. Yanzu mutane yuitami kira - a karkashin sunan harshen, kamar Chukchi. Kuma wannan ba wani hatsari. Su harshe da al'adu ne bayyananne kama da harsuna mutanen Chukotka. A shiri na tsibirin da mutum a prehistoric da kuma farkon tarihi lokaci da ta wucin gadi hali. Lokaci na shiri da kuma barin tsibirin bi juna, dangane da yanayin yanayi da kuma samuwar albarkatun rayuwa. Nazarin da ƙasusuwan mutane da kuma hakora samu a tsibirin nuna m yunwa. Big Island aka yi amfani a matsayin farauta ƙasa, duk da haka mafi zuwa ɓangaren duniya a kwantar da hankula weather za a iya isa ba tare da cikas.

Siberian Yupik mutane rayu a zagaye gidaje, kasu kashi biyu. Dumi ɓangare na gidan - rai. The sanyi ɓangare na gidan shi ne wuri inda masu rinjaye na yi harkokin tattalin arziki. Kamu mutane sassaka kashi cirewa dabba. Sassaka aka rufe da duk kitchen kayayyakinsa. A musamman, farauta kaya da kuma makamai. Siberian Yupik mutane sun gaskata cewa dabba sassaka kawo sa'a a farauta. Dangantaka tare da dabbobi suna halin shamanic ganewarsu. Animals an yi amfani da matsayin alamomin for dabbobi (mafi sau da yawa shi ne hankãka, dabbar walrus, kare). Kuma da dangantaka da dabbobi sahu musamman. Saboda haka, kashe Whale iya samun kawai mutumin wanda ya zaba cikin ruhun dabba. Ya aka bi a hankali a matsayin bako. Lokacin da akwai ko da yaushe wani ba, dabba ne coaxed music kuma sha. Duk wannan shi ne saboda Siberian Yupik mutane ĩmãni, kamar kifi Whale zai koma baya.

Wolves da kisa Whales a camfin da kuma tatsuniyoyi da aka dauke daya dabba. Summer - mai kisa Whale a cikin hunturu - kerkẽci. A da hunturu sunan ta taimaka dayansu ya kashe wani barewa.

yawan

A mazaunin yawan 4000 mutane da ƙarshen 18th karni. Yana nan fadi sharply zuwa da mutane 1,000, kuma an kiyaye at cewa matakin zuwa wannan rana. 40% na yawan ne matasa yan kasa da shekaru 20 da shekaru. Ana zargin Rasha da kuma jama'ar {asar Amirka akwai ba a hade tare da wani karu na tsibirin ta yawan. Laifi ga wannan yunwa, da wanda kashi biyu cikin uku na Inuit aka tilasta bar tsibirin. Photography, duk da haka, suna nuna cewa zama nan da ƙauyukansu. Yanzu akwai birane biyu: Gambell da Savoonga. Sun zauna yafi da Eskimos.

tsibiran Amurka

A matsatsiyar, located tsakanin Eurasia da kuma Arewacin Amirka, jihar iyakar da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu - Rasha da kuma Amurka. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin tsibiran - da Rasha, da sauran - Amirka.

St. Lawrence Island aka located a arewacin Bering Sea, da kudancin Bering mashigar, kudu-maso-gabas na da Chukotka Larabawa da yammacin Alaska. Kusa da Rasha tekun ne tsibirin St. Lawrence. Wane ne shi? Wannan tambaya za a iya amsa a wannan hanya: ya ke yanzu wani ɓangare na Amurka Jihar Alaska. A kan lokaci, da siyasa, canje-canje sun rinjayi da Bering mashigar, ta tsibiran shige daga wata qasa zuwa wata, don haka a yanzu, kallon taswirar, yana da sauki samu rasa a, abin da jiha da suka kasance a.

Tarihi, wannan tsibirin nasa ne da United States, ko da yake shi ne mafi kusa ga Chukotka. A Bering mashigar ne ma Diomede Island, samu da sunan da girmama na wannan saint. A ranar da girmama shi, suka gano da V. Bering, kamar yadda tsibirin St. Lawrence. Na biyu sunan Diomede Islands - Island nailing, a cikin girmamawa ga 'yan'uwa, na farko lokacin da suka halaka a kan taswira. Big Diomede, located zuwa yamma, mallakar kasar Rasha. Kruzenshtern tsibirin, located zuwa gabas, nasa ne da United States. Saboda haka, tsakanin biyu tsibiran ne iyakar jihohin. Shi ne game da yadda nisa baya a matsayin Bering mashigar. Fairway (kudu-maso-gabas da Diomede Islands), na zuwa Amurka.

administrative iko

Administratively tsibirin ne a cikin Shiyyar Census Nome, wanda, bi da bi, wani ɓangare na wani yankin naúrar - Unorganized karamar hukuma. Wannan shi ne wani takamaiman administrative naúrar, data kasance a Alaska. Halitta a wuraren da yawan mazauna kananan, kai-tsara shi ne ba zai yiwu ba, amma ƙidaya ake bukata. Domin saukaka unorganized Boro Alaska ne zuwa kashi 11 zones, daya daga wanda aka ce zone Nom. Mazauna kusan ko'ina rarraba tsakanin birane biyu - Gambell da Savoonga. Sunan Gambell kauyen da aka mai suna bayan na farko malami a tsibirin, wanda ya mutu tare da dukan iyali a wani mummunan hadari a kan jirgin "Dzheyn Gray" a 1898. Sauran matsugunai ba a nan. Ko da yake gasar tsakanin garuruwa domin daukaka akwai, birnin Gambell har 1898 bala'i aka mai taken Sivukak Eskimos, kamar tsibirin duka, wanda har yanzu ba shi da wani muhimmanci na musamman.

Da ayyukan da mazaunan tsibirin

Mazauna tsibirin tsunduma a kama kifi, kitoboystvom, kashi sassaƙa. Sassaka hauren giwa a yanzu ba imbued tare da irin oberezhnym ma'ana kamar dā. Yanzu shi ne tsarabobi sayarwa. Har ila yau, mazauna tattara berries da kuma qwai daji teku tsuntsaye. Reindeer herding ne ba, amma shi ne mai gwada sabon aiki, bayan shigo da naman daji a tsibirin. Bowhead Whales ake mined nan a adadi irin wannan cewa Savoonga kauyen kuma ake kira "Whale babban birnin kasar na duniya." Bugu da kari, shi runduna da shekara-shekara Whale Festival.

Wani lokaci yawon bude ido ziyarci tsibirin, janyo hankalin ta yi watsi da hurumi, daga jirgi. Wasan kwaikwayo ra'ayoyi Matattu skeletons daga cikin matsananci sanyi gaba wanda aka nuna a cikin photo.

Tsibirin da United States

A lokacin daga shekarar 1952 zuwa shekarar 1972, kashi na tsibirin na ƙasar na zuwa Amirka soja.

A mutane na tsibirin halarci yakin duniya na II - ya bauta wa, a cikin Alaska yankin Kariya (ATG). A shekarar 1947, naúrar aka watse. Kuma a shekara ta 1952, tsibirin ya ci gaba da shiga a cikin tsaro na tsibirin halitta da Alaska National Guard. A daidai wannan lokaci shi gina wani radar tashar BBC, wanda ya rufaffiyar matsayi.

A lokacin da wani exacerbation na rikici tsakanin USSR da Amurka a cikin Bering mashigar ya faru ya faru. 22.06.1955 biyu Soviet jirgin saman soja harbe saukar da wani Amurka leken asiri jirgin sama gyare-gyare. The ƙungiya kunshi goma sha mutane. Uku daga cikinsu sun ji rauni a cikin dakarun, da kuma hudu more a cikin fall. Kiyaye diplomasiyya takardun, wanda shi aka sani cewa Soviet gwamnatin daukar lamarin cikin lumana, amma dukan gaskiya ba a gaya.

Duk da yake cikin jirgin saman da aka a kan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma wani skirmish, Rasha soja kashe da oda ba don ya aikata wani ayyuka a kasashen waje kasashen. Kuma shirye na Soviet gwamnati zuwa maida rabin na Amurka asarar da aka nuna wani m yanayi. Musamman tun lokacin da aka bayyana cewa akwai wani bugun fenariti a kan wani hadari rana, a lokacin da kowa da kowa zai iya tafiya ba daidai ba saboda low ganuwa. Lamarin da aka zaunar.

Radar tashar, located a sauran karshen tsibirin, shi ne abu na Amurka Air Force da za'ayi aerokontrol da kuma rigakafin ne monitoring tashar. A wannan yanki na ƙarni al'ada mallaki filin ajiye motoci da wasu Inuit iyalansu. Wasu lokaci bayan ƙulli daga cikin tashar, worsening kiwon lafiya da aka gani a cikin yawan. Cancer da kuma sauran cututtuka cikin mutanen da suka yi girma har a yankin, zamanto mafi akai-akai. Ya ci gaba da wannan rana, duk da cewa Amurka da wani m shirin na tsaftacewa da ƙasa da lalata da tashar. Wuri da guba PCBs. Kulawa ci gaba.

Bayan ya bar soja yawan da dama da za su gudanar da rami na ƙasũsuwa ga sassaƙa, wanda a biyu "kashi rami" ya tara wata babbar adadin taimako ga ƙarni. Kuma mutanen da aka ba dama kamun kifi da kuma marine dabbobi masu shayarwa a wadannan wurare. Saye da hakkin gudummawar da jama'a.