Electron cajin

Da wutar lantarki, da wutar lantarki, da wutar lantarki yanzu, da lura da electron - kalmomin da kowa ya sani.

To, abin da yake cikin wutar lantarki, da yadda an samar da kwayar? Don samar da amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi ba sauki. Don yin wannan, kana bukatar ka samu Masana wani babba kewayon mamaki kira lantarki. Mun farko la'akari da asalin kalmar "wutar lantarki".

Wani BC Ancient Girka, masana kimiyya ya gano cewa bayan shafa abubuwa daga amber to su jawo hankalin haske jikinsu. Amber a Greek - "electron". shi ne daga wannan kalma zo da sunan "lantarki".

A cikin rabi na biyu na XVI karni Birtaniya masanin kimiyya Gilbert ya gano cewa, ba kawai ya dũkiyar amber jawo hankalin haske jikinsu. Irin wannan dukiya samu ta gogayya da kyau kamar yadda da yawa abubuwa, misali, guduro, gilashin. Wannan sabon abu ne da aka sani electrifying. Abu nemowa mai frictional dukiya ya zama sananne wutan lantarki.

Electrifying jikinsu, masana kimiyya sun bayyana zuwan wutar lantarki a jiki ko lantarki cajin.

Cewa jiki da aka wutan lantarki, shi dole Rub. iya, misali, zuwa taba shi da wani baya wutan lantarki abu. Alal misali, kwarewa ya nuna cewa wutan lantarki jikuna tare ko jawo hankalin juna. A wannan hasashe, mu ƙarasa da cewa akwai wani daban-daban irin lantarki cajin. Wannan shi ne daura da juna zargin.

Wasu daga cikin wadannan zargin zo da za a kira yanaye tabbatacce, kuma wasu - korau. Kallo na yadda hulda wutan lantarki jiki, ya bayyana cewa kamar cajin kuɗi da zai tare da sabanin - janyo hankalin.

Tambayar da abin da ya ƙunshi wutar lantarki, da sha'awar masana kimiyya na dogon lokaci. Da farko mun zaci cewa lantarki mamaki lalacewa ta hanyar lantarki ruwa da ciwon wani nauyi. Wasu malamai sun yi nuni da cewa kowane jiki yana da biyu lantarki ruwaye: tabbatacce kuma korau, da a kan daya haifar m electrifying jiki da kuma a kan sauran - korau. Idan sun kasance ba a daidai yawa, da sakamako daga cikin biyu ruwaye su hallaka juna. A wannan yanayin, jikin ta wãyi unloaded. Sauran masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa akwai daya kawai lantarki ruwa, wanda yake kunshe a cikin wani adadin a kowane uncharged jiki. Da ragi a cikin jiki shi Forms wani m da wutar lantarki, da kuma rashin - korau. A hankali, duk da haka, da bincike na sabon gwaji facts tilasta watsi da jarrabawa na lantarki ruwa.

Saboda haka, an gano cewa da wutar lantarki yana da atomic tsarin, Ina nufin shi za a iya raba sassa, wanda kowannensu yana da wani da ake kira na farko wutar lantarki. Wannan yarda mana mu gama, a daya hannun, wani nazari da wutar lantarki ta hanyar shigewar da mafita na salts da kuma acid, sa'an nan wutar lantarki nazari gas. A karshe, kwarewa ya nuna cewa na farko wutar lantarki canja wurin karami barbashi al'amarin.

Gwaje-gwajen da za'ayi a karshen XIX karni Turanci likita Thomson, sanya shi yiwuwa a bude wani mutum barbashi abu da ciwon da karami wutar lantarki, kuma baya ya juya ya auna girma.

Saboda haka, da karami barbashi na wani abu wanda yana da wani na farko korau cajin, da ake kira electron.

A wutar lantarki na electron - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci na da kaddarorin ne rabuwa.

Its taro na m = 9,1˖10⁻²⁸

A electron cajin e = - 4,8˖10⁻¹⁰ raka'a.

Electron - daya daga cikin barbashi, wanda wani bangare ne na kowane abu. Abubuwa kunshi kwayoyin halitta, da suka hada da gaskiya ma cajin tsakiya da kuma electrons, wanda matsawa kusa da shi. A korau lura da electron shi ne cikakken m, a wani abu, duk da haka, game da adadin su kuma rarraba nuclei daban-daban. Lokacin zarra ne a tsaka tsaki jihar, da m lura da tsakiya ne daidai da Naira Miliyan Xari da korau zargin na electrons da cewa akwai doguwar a kusa da shi.

Sau da yawa zarra cewa hasarar electrons. a irin wannan hali da kyau lura da tsakiya zama fi girma fiye da adadin cajin sauran electron, sa'an nan dukan zarra ta wãyi gaskiya ma da caji. Lokacin da jiki ne barnatar da cajin, yana nufin cewa akwai electrons da kima.

The motsi na electrons kayyade redistribution lantarki zargin a abubuwa, tabbatacce kuma korau da wutar lantarki jikinsu da kuma sauran mamaki.