Stanislav Markelov, Rasha a lauya: biography, photos

Zama lauya a Rasha ya sami m shahararsa a shekarun 1990s kuma 2000s. Ko a yanzu, kasar cibiyoyin suna cike da lauyoyinsa da na dukan abokan cancantar, amma da kyau sosai kwararru daga gare su, ba su da yawa.

The ƙarfin hali, da ikon kare ra'ayinsu a gaban wasu, ko da abin da, - rarrabe upscale lauya. Duk wadannan siffofin sun halayyar daya daga cikin shahararrun yan-adam 1990-2000-ies, Stanislav Yurevich Markelov. Aikinsa ya kusan ko da yaushe hade da aka sani da ƙarya da suke ƙirƙirãwa harkokin na tsawon Rasha tarihi, kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa rayuwarsa da kuma mutuwa sun zama babbar jama'a taron.

biography

Stanislav Markelov aka haife shi a Moscow a 1974. Tuni a cikin shekaru 19 da ya nemi a kai tsaye shiga a cikin al'umma, ya zama ko da yaushe a sahun gaba. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1993 a lokacin da na jini events na "Black Oktoba," Markelov taimaki wadanda ke fama da ayyuka na soja. Around lokaci guda ya shiga cikin Social-Democratic Party of Rasha ne rayayye da hannu a cikin kariya da dalibai 'yancin yakin. Zai yiwu wadannan yanayi sun shafa nan gaba zabi na sana'a, da kuma a 1997 ya sauke karatu jihar Academy of Law of Moscow.

International Club kuma kungiyar lauyoyi - daya daga cikin mafi babbar al'ummomi a duniya, da kuma zama memba na wata matasa sana'a - Stanislav Markelov. A biography wannan mutumin ma ya hada da kafuwar Cibiyar da bin doka da oda, wanda ya gangarawa.

sana'a zama

Tun daga farko, Markelov aka bayyana a matsayin laifuffukan yaki gwani, 'yan ta'adda da suka faru, musamman ma wadanda cewa sun samu wani m rawa a cikin al'umma. Kowa ya sani shi a matsayin aiki da zanga-farkisanci wanda a wuya yanayi na dimokuradiyya a Rasha ya ci gaba da yaki domin kare hakkin dan adam.

Stanislav Markelov - lauya, ba ji tsoron ko da mafi hadaddun da alama rasa tafiyar matakai. A cikin marigayi '90s, ya yi aiki a kan lamarin Andreya Sokolova, wanda aka zarge a harin bam din na na sarki iyali na tunawa a hurumi Vagankove, kazalika da wani abin tunawa ga Nicholas II. Da farko, duk da bayanan da aka cure, da mataimaki da ya daidaita tare da 'yan ta'adda. Markelov ya iya tabbatar da cewa yanayin da aka reclassified kuma ƙarshe Sokolov gabatar da wata kasida a kan lalacewar jihar dukiya.

A yi, shi ne ya ba da zarar ya fuskanci tare da ta'addanci da suke da alaka laifuka. Alal misali, a cikin "Krasnodar hali" Larisy Schiptsovoy Stanislav Yurevich Markelov tabbatar da cewa ya aka matsa da la'anta, amma da niyyar kara kariya daga zargi a karshen da aka hannu mai shaida, kuma suka ƙaryata game da dama da za su wakilci biyan bukatunsu.

Ya halarci a matsayin doka gwani a cikin bincike na wani jam'i na high-profile kisan kai. Ya kasance daya daga cikin lauyoyi a cikin hali na Budanov, wanda ya ba ji tsoron magana da kai na Chechnya Jamhuriyar Ramzan Kadyrov a cikin al'amarin, na kare 'yancin da tsohon insurgent Zaur Musahainova, ya halarci a cikin tsari a kan karɓarsu ga garkuwa a Dubrovka. Stanislav Markelov, Sabili zabi mafi ban sha'awa da kuma rigima kotu lokuta, da kuma, mafi muhimmanci, su sukan lashe.

Notoriety, tare da shi duk rayuwarsa, taka m rawa a mutuwarsa.

Barazanar da kuma kai hari na farko

Neo-Nazis kusantar da hankali ga Stanislav Markelov baya a 2004, lokacin da ya wakilci bukatun na iyali na Elza Kungarovoy sace da kuma kashe Yuriem Budanovym. Rasha hakkin yan Adam tsaya ga mafi tsanani ga tsohon kanar, cewa, bi da bi, ya sa damunsu cikin m kungiyoyin.

A watan Afrilu 2004, mazaje da yawa sun kai hari Markelov a kan daya daga cikin jirgin karkashin kasa tashoshin, ta doke shi da kuma kwashe muhimmanci takardun. A aka azabtar kokarin kaddamar da wani bincike ba, amma shi bai taba samu a guje. A game da wannan lokaci a kan shafukan na Nazi kungiyoyin, sunansa ya bayyana a cikin jerin yiwu hari ga sakayya.

Abin lura shi ne cewa a ranar da kisan kai, Stanislav Markelov, shi ma ba a la'akari da ƙarya da suke ƙirƙirãwa al'amarin da cewa ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa jita-jita game da wannan aukuwa a matsayin dalilin mutuwar wani lauya.

nan a ranar

Janairu 19, 2004 Markelov dauki bangare a wani taron manema labarai don tattauna alƙawari Yuri Budanov. A musamman iyali rajin Kungaeva bayyana masa rashin jituwa tare da shawarar da kotun na Ulyanovsk yankin, ya kuma yi alkawarin yin duk abin da ya soke ta.

Bayan taron manema labarai Stanislav Markelov da Anastasia Baburova daga cikin ginin a kan Prechistenka kuma ya tafi zuwa ga mota a lokacin da yana zuwa ya tarye wani mutum a wani baki jacket tafiya a kusa da su da kuma harbi a kai lauya. Mutuwar wani matashi dan jarida wanda a fili yake mai haɗari. Kuna hukunta daga video kyamarori na gaba, ta yi kokarin hana kisan kai, amma aka harbe a kai. Ga wasu, Baburova shi ma wata manufa, ta articles sau da yawa mayar da hankali a kan na yau da kullum kungiyoyin a Rasha.

Wani mutum daga baya gano a matsayin ultra-kasa Nikita Tikhonov, ya gudu da scene, tarwatsa wucewa-gun. Markelov mutu nan da nan, ta a farko zauna da rai, amma ya mutu a asibiti.

Anastasia Baburova - wani m aka azabtar

A wannan laifi da yawa tambayoyi. Alal misali, cewa da nasaba da rigima lauya kuma mai zaman kansa matasa dan jarida na "Novaya Gazeta", dalilin da ya sa kashe biyu daga cikinsu, me ya sa a cikin wannan rana?

Anastasia Baburova ya mai haske da kuma m hali. Duk da wajen matasa shekaru, ta san harsuna da dama, karatu a MGIMO, inda bar a kan kansa himma, kuma nan da nan ya samu digiri a aikin jarida a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar.

Nastya - da himmar aiki anti-farkisanci motsi, da kuma shi ba a iyakance ga kawai rubutu articles, ta gudanar da gangamin da ta halarci daban-daban boren da neo-Nazi ayyukan, kare hakkokin yan gudun hijirar daga kasashen makwabta.

Baburova ma samu barazana daga sansanin Nazis, amma, bisa ga abokai, ya ba ji tsoro, kuma ba ya ratse daga manufofi. Ta ko da tsunduma a wasu Martial Arts, mai yiwuwa, sabili da haka ba tsoro jefa kansa a cikin kisa.

A gudanar da bincike dauke ta mutuwa kamar yadda wani hatsari, ko da yake, ba na ayyuka na haifar da 'yan jarida, ba za ka iya ƙaryatãwa game da yiwuwar m harin a gaba.

Bayan da harbi da yarinya yana da rai har wani lõkaci, amma motar asibiti isa a scene bayan kawai minti 40. Daga baya, Anastasia mahaifin ya ce 'yarsa iya har yanzu a ajiye.

versions

Nan da nan bayan da laifi, wajen gudanar da bincike da aka nuna cewa, kisan da Markelov ne kai tsaye related to harkokinsa kamar yadda wani lauya. Wadanda suka san da hakkin yan Adam, nan da nan ya ruwaito cikin laifi saboda da Budanov hali. Stanislav Markelov son roko da yanke shawara kan a saki Kanar kafin ƙarshen zamani, da kuma bisa ga Lva Ponomarova, Stanislav Yurevich, ya sha nanata samu barazanar a kan wannan lokaci.

A wannan ra'ayi da aka bayyana, kuma Kungaev iyali rai a lokacin a Norway, suna kai tsaye da nasaba Budanov daga kurkuku, kuma m kashe wata lauya. Ko da yake abin zargi kanar gaba daya hana wani hannu, yana mai cewa shi bai sa hankali ga kashe kowa a duk.

Na biyu version, wanda daga baya ya zama babban - shi ne ramuwar gayya da neo-sana'a da ayyukan Markelov, saboda ya samu nasarar kare hakkokin anti-fascists a kotu.

Mutane da yawa sun yi kokarin neman kashe wata Chechnya alama kare kansu lauya a lokuta daban-daban ya zama ƙyãmã ga gwamnatin na jamhuriyar mutane. Ya ke tsunduma a kasuwanci na sace Mokhmadsalakh Masaev, kuma ko da ya so don aikawa zuwa Turai Kotun kare hakkin dan adam game da bacewar.

bincike

The m ofishin nan da nan ya bullo da wani laifi harka a karkashin Art. 105 h. 1. Duk da haka, da ake zargi da ta kama ya faru kusan shekara guda da. Duk wannan lokaci da 'yan jarida da aka gudanar da bincike ya kashe ɗan'uwansa, wani tsohon Jihar Duma mataimakin Mikhail Markelov, sau da yawa sanya maganganun da ya san mãsu laifi kuma yana rayayye hada kai tare da gudanar da bincike.

Nuwamba 3rd aka tsare tsohon memba na kungiyar RNU (Rasha National Unity) Nikita Tikhonov da Yevgenia Khasis mataimakansa. version na dalilin fansa kashe-kashen da aka tabbatar. Bayan duk, Stanislav Markelov sau da yawa ya taimaka magoya bayan na anti-farkisanci motsi don kauce wa kurkuku. The fiye da haka, domin irin wannan mutuwa zai iya zama wata alama ce da sojojin na neo-Nazis, wani makami na deterrence ga wasu.

kotu

Tun da hali ya samu m talla, da gudanar da bincike tsawon kusan shekaru biyu, da la'anta iya ba da damar wani shakka a cikin shaida, kuma shaida, dukan tsari ya kasance kullum a karkashin ƙãra jama'a da hankali da kuma ko da gwamnati.

Ake zargi da Tikhonov shigar da laifi, amma tantama hana wani hannu a cikin kasa ƙungiyõyin. A fitina, ya yi nadãma, da kisan da Anastasia Baburova, ya kira ta kuskure. Har ila yau gane ruwan inabi kuma Yevgenia Khasis, wanda sa ido da motsi na Rasha hakkin yan Adam.

Afrilu 28, 2011 juri shawarar da aka fassara. Duka wadanda ake zargin ba su cancanci leniency, Tikhonov samu daurin rai da rai, ya accomplice a aikata laifi - 18 years.

jama'a dauki

Kashewar Stanislav Markelov da Anastasia Baburova sa iskar daban-daban comments.

Musamman sharply ya mayar da martani ga UNESCO Darektan, ma'ana laifi m buga wa yan-adam a cikin Rasha Federation. Shugaban kasar Rasha Dmitry Medvedev ya gabatar da ta'aziyya ga iyalan wadanda ke fama, amma bukaci kada su ba da hali siyasa launi.

Ban sha'awa a cikin wannan jijiya, da shugaban Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, wani dauki da cewa ba kawai ce cewa Stanislav Yurevich Markelov gaskiya Bakan'ane, amma kuma ba shi da wani posthumous samu lambar.

Markelov abõkan tarayya na sana'a aiki da kuma kama na akida lura da muhimmancin da hakkin yan Adam ta mutuwa. Sun lura da ci baya da kuma karye na Rasha jama'a, da bambanci ga abin da lauya wanda aka kashe ya ba ji tsoron ra'ayinsu da kuma imani a bayyane.

memory

Wannan biyu kisan ya shafa ba kawai wadanda suka san Markelov da Baburin. Kamar 'yan kwanaki bayan taron da scene na laifi ba sha'aninsu dabam mutane saduwa da tattauna abin da ya faru.

A shekarar 2012, 2013 da kuma 2015 anti-fascists shirya al'umma tarurruka a ƙwaƙwalwar wadanda aka kashe wani mutum da wata mace ta zo da Banners kuma taken kira ga girmama hakkin dan adam a Rasha, saboda wanda ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki, Stanislav Markelov, abin da ya kashe cikin shahararrun hakkin yan Adam.

A tunawa da shi har yanzu na zaune. Ƙarfinsa kuma juriyarsu iya zama wani misali domin duk wanda ya ke kokarin a dokar hali. Shi ne daya daga cikin na farko da aka ba jin tsoro ya zauna m, a kare ra'ayinsa, ya iya mayar da hankali a kan facts maimakon hõre ta da asali version of abin da ya faru.