Janar Walter von Reichenau: biography, nasarori da kuma tarihin

Field Marshal na Nazi Jamus Walther von Reichenau (Walter von Reichenau) ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan m jami'an soja na Wehrmacht, wanda rayayye goyan bayan Nazis. A lokacin WWII, ya kasance shugaban 6th Army. Shi ya da dakarun dauki Paris a 1940, kazalika da Kiev da Kharkov, a 1941.

biography

Walter Reichenau aka haife Oktoba 8, 1884 a Karlsruhe (Jamus Empire). Mahaifinsa kuwa Prussian general. Reichenau iyali yana da daraja tushen da kuma yana da arziki, da isa. A cikin XIX karni da kuma na farko da rabi na XX karni mallakar daya daga cikin mafi girma a furniture masana'antu located in Jamus.

A karshen 1930 da iyali yanke shawarar juya shi a kan wa Nazis, wanda ya tuba da shi a cikin wani soja kamfanin ya fara nuna akwai daban-daban iri iri na kayan aiki ga sojojin. Lokacin da, a cikin shekarar 1945, sãshensu waliyyai ne ya fara jefa bam a birnin Karlsruhe a factory aka hallaka, kuma da ya bace rinjayar da dukiyar Reichenau iyali.

A shekaru 18, matasa, Walter yanke shawarar cewa zai yi aiki soja, kuma ya shiga soja. Farko shi ne a cikin 1st Prussian manyan bindigogi rajimanti. Bayan shekaru biyu da ya ciyar da su leftana, da kuma a 1912 ya aka ciyar da su leftana.

A farko Duniya

Kafin yaki ya barke, Walter von Reichenau wani dalibi na Berlin Soja Academy, inda ya horar da duk jami'an Gaba Staff. Tare da fashewa tashin a Yammacin Front, ya yi ya koma zuwa ga naúrar, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin adjutant wa shugaban na rajimanti. A kadan daga baya, ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Janar Staff na 47th Reserve Division.

Da farko World Walter von Reichenau kammala karatunsa tare da daraja na kyaftin, amma ga wani cin nasara sabis, ya aka bayar da Iron Cross I da na II digiri, Order of House of Hohenzollern kuma da dama wasu alamomi na fifiko. Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a cikin Janar Staff Soja District, dake da sansani a Münster, kazalika da kwamandan na na'ura-gun kamfanin. A shekarar 1923, tuni a cikin sahu na Major farko ziyara Ingila. Dawo daga can, ya dauki wani daban-daban ma'aikatan mukamai a Berlin da kuma a karshen shekara ta 1927 ya zama kwamandan wani bataliya na Stuttgart. Tun da kasa da shekaru biyu, ya zama wani Laftanar Kanar.

Daga baya Reichenau koma Ingila, amma wannan lokaci ya zai zauna a can 'yan watanni. A marigayi 1929, shi ana tuna baya zuwa Berlin da kuma nada babban hafsan seconded ga sufeto a ma'aikatar Communications da Reichswehr. A matsayin da ya gudanar har Fabrairu 1931, bai riga ya sami ya nada a Gabas Prussia. Daidai shekara guda daga baya, ya samu wani gabatarwa da kuma daraja da kanar.

Mataimakin himma Nazis

Dole ne in ce cewa daga farkon Reichenau yi farin ciki tare da ra'ayoyi na National gurguzanci. A 1932, ya kawu, mai girma admirer Hitler, ya gabatar da dan dan'uwansa da ya tsafi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya bada shawarar cewa nan gaba Führer ya m, Werner von Blomberg.

A shekara daga baya, a ranar 30 ga Janairu, Adolf Hitler ya zama kansila na Jamus. Ya nan da nan sanya Blomberg, ministan War, da kuma gabatar da su Reichenau - shugaban wani sashi a Reichswehr ma'aikatar kan awarding gaba daraja da Manjo Janar. Very da sauri ya juya a cikin wani irin mahada tsakanin Nazi bosses da kuma sojojin.

A farkon shekara ta 1933, ya yi murabus tsohon shugaban Jamus askarawan ƙasa Kurt von Hammerstein. Maimakon haka, shi samarwa da takarar na Reichenau, Hitler, Hindenburg, amma saboda wasu dalilai, karfi da ya ƙaryata, kuma ya ba da post na Werner von Fritsch.

"Night na Long wukake"

Saboda haka, Walter von Reichenau, biography, aiki da kuma farkon wanda duk aiki daga farkon yake da dangantaka da Nazis, ya rayayye taimaka nan gaba Fuhrer to, ku kãmã ikon a kasar. Ya gane cewa a cikin hali na auka na Nazi Party, da nasa aiki za a gama har abada. Reichenau ga stormtrooper hari ana samun karfi, da kuma Jamus generals da aka shirya yi aiki a kan Rohm kuma da Hitler, don haka ya gaggauta yin wani da yawa tare da Goering da Himmler, shugaban SS. Su ma ba za su sa up tare da taba-kara ikon da SA. Bayan shãwara da Hitler, da uku yanke shawarar cewa daga wannan halin da ake ciki a can ne kawai hanya daya daga - su kayar da stormtroopers su kashe Ernsta Rema.

CA a kan tsiyacewa shirin da aka shirya a wani lokaci. Na aiki da aka bai wa sunan "Night na Long wukake." A sakamakon haka, abin da ake kira tsaftacewa da aka kama da kuma harbe game da 150 jim kadan CA kawunansu. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, sojojin ba su dauki bangare a cikin wannan rikici, kamar yadda ya yi a kai tsaye domin: "Kada ku tsoma baki!" Kuma a nan, Walter von Reichenau sake yin ya saba rawar da Manzo, amma yanzu tsakanin SS da kuma sojojin. Bugu da kari, an san cewa ya kasance wanda ya kawota cikin Nazi mayakan makamai.

Promotion

Hitler ya zo ikon bayan Shugaba Hindenburg ta mutuwa. Ya nan da nan soke matsayi, kuma ya aka mai suna a Chancellor da kuma Führer na uku Reich. Duk da sojoji da jami'an aka sauri ba wani sabon alkawari, tex ga abin da ya rubuta Reichenau. Kafin wannan, duk soja yi rantsuwa amincewa da kasar da kuma mutane, kuma a yanzu da kaina ga Führer. Wannan rantsuwa da aka yarda da kaddara, saboda shi ba ya bayar da yiwuwar Jamus jami'an su shiga a wani ƙulli da Hitler kansa.

Ganin wannan wazo, da Fuhrer a lokacin rani na 1935 ne Reichenau zuwa ga daraja da Manjo Janar da kuma nada shi shugaban 7th Soja yankin. A shekara ta 1938, tsohon shugaban Blomberg aka cire daga post na kwamandan a manyan Army. A wannan halin da ake ciki, Reichenau da ba ya dauke da wani yatsa zuwa ko ta yaya taimaka wa tsohon shugaba, saboda a kan lokaci ya sa ran daukar post. A halin yanzu, gidan ya Walther von Brauchitsch, wanda ya riga ya umarci 4th Army Group.

Dole ne in ce cewa da aka ba kamar sauran mutane, saboda, sabanin su, ya ba yankin, da kuma mobile. Shi ne 4th sojojin kungiyar da tafi Reichenau biyayya. Bukatarsa ce da cewa shi ne mai girma alhakin: ya ya mayar da hankali a hannun duk management Mun halitta da Jamusanci mobile sojojin, kazalika da samuwar sababbi. Yanzu sulke division umarta ta Guderian da Hoth, directed shi, Walther von Reichenau. Nazi shugabannin mutunta shi, da kuma sa a kan wani par tare da su.

Mamayewa na Tarayyar Soviet

A daya labarin ba shi yiwuwa a bayyana duk nasarar da aka lashe ta Jamus mobile rarrabu a karkashin umurnin Walter von Reichenau a farkon yakin duniya na II. Duk da haka, ya karshe yakin da aka kai hari a kan Tarayyar Soviet. Sojojinsa a lokacin da aka sake masa suna cikin 6th kuma yanzu ta kasance a cikin rukuni na sojojin "ta Kudu" a karkashin umurnin Gerd von Rundstedt.

Kamar yadda aka sani, Reichenau da dakarun dauki bangare a cikin kama na Kiev ayyukan, Kharkov, Belgorod, Kursk. Bugu da kari, ya sanya hannunsa zuwa ga yanayi da kuma m tsiyacewa kama a tarko na Soviet sojojin. Bayan wani gaza tiyata a Moscow, Rundstedt aka sallame kuma aka maye gurbinsu da Reichenau, wanda ya iya dakatar da hunturu m na Soviet sojojin da zama a matsayi shagaltar da tsakiyar shekara ta gaba.

Mutuwa Nazi janar

A daya daga cikin m kwana na Janairu 1942, Janar Walter von Reichenau, kamar yadda ya saba, ya tafi ga wata da safe jog. A kadan daga baya, a cikin jami'an 'rikici, da ya fara mai tsanani ciwon zuciya a sakamakon wanda ya rasa sani. Duk da kokarin da likitoci a rayar da shi kwanaki biyar, ba su kasance m, don haka a kan Janairu 17, an yanke shawarar zuwa safarar da Field Marshal a Leipzig da jirgin sama, tying da shi zuwa ga kujera.

A hanya, da jirgin sama da hannu a wani hatsari, kuma Reichenau, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya kuma wani tsanani shugaban rauni. Duk da haka, da yamma shi ne har yanzu tsĩrar da Leipzig filin jirgin sama, amma ya juya daga cewa 57-shekara Nazi janar ya riga ya mutu.

tarihi hoto

Ta yaya mutumin ya Walter von Reichenau? "The soja abokan adawar na Rasha" - wani littafi Borisa Frolova, inda ya yi kokarin sake tarihi hotuna daga cikin shahararrun Yammacin generals suka yi yãƙi, a lokacin da mu mahaifarsa. A cewar shi, shi ne wani mai kuzari, da matakai, banda kisan gillar da kuma m mutum. Ya m yanayi da nasu ra'ayi a kan da yawa da dabarun al'amurran da suka shafi sau da yawa ya fusata Hitler.

Yana m zaluntar bayyana dangane da jama'a na Tarayyar Soviet bar wata black alama a cikin suna. Its m lura da fursunonin yaki da kuma fararen hula, kazalika da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da himma tare da wanda ya za'ayi da oda "A Kwamishinan" Hitler magana don kansu. Kawai rabin shekara na gano da sojojin a kan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet, da hannayensu, da aka kashe game da miliyan 1 Soviet jama'a. Irin wannan generals kamar Reichenau da kamar, to cikakken wakilci mafi hatsari da kuma m tsarin mulki wanda yake farkisanci.