Gabas Prussia: tarihi da kuma wayewar. Map, kan iyakoki, gidãje da garuruwa, da al'adun Gabas Prussia

Back a cikin marigayi tsakiyar zamanai ƙasar, dake tsakanin koguna Neman kuma Vistula, samu da sunan Gabas Prussia. Cikin dukanin ta zama, da ikon da za ta hanyar daban-daban lokaci. Wannan lokaci na Order, da kuma Prussian duchy, sa'an nan cikin mulkinSa, kuma a lardin kazalika da post-yaki kasar, har zuwa renaming na redistribution tsakanin Poland da kuma Tarayyar Soviet.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na dũkiyarku

Tun da farko ambaci Prussian ƙasashe ya kasance fiye da goma ƙarni. Da farko, da mutanen da suke zaune a wadannan yankuna, zuwa kashi iyalan (kabilan) wanda aka rabu al'ada iyakoki.

Mafiya expanses na Prussian kadarori ta rufe data kasance a yanzu da Kaliningrad yankin, wani ɓangare na Poland da kuma Lithuania. Waɗannan sun haɗa da samba da Skalov, Warmia da pogesanians, pomesanians da Kulmskaya ƙasar natangians da Bart, Galindo da Sassen, Skalov da nadruvians, Mazovia da kuma jiragen ruwa.

da yawa samu

Prussian ƙasashe cikin ta zama ba, kullum hõre yunkurin mamaye a kan wani ɓangare na wani karfi da kuma m makwabta. Saboda haka, a cikin goma sha biyu karni a kan arziki da kuma gayyatar bude sarari zo da Teutonic Knights - Salibiyya. Suka gina yawa gidãje kuma chateaux, misali Kulm, Reden, Thorne.

Duk da haka, a 1410 bayan sanannen Battle of Grunwald Prussia ya zama mai santsi mika mulki a hannun Poland da kuma Lithuania.

Shekaru bakwai 'War a cikin karni na sha takwas gurgunta ƙarfi daga cikin Prussian sojojin da suka kai ga cewa wasu daga cikin gabacin ƙasa da aka cinye ta da yaki da Rasha Empire.

A karni na ashirin yaƙi ma ba kare waɗannan ƙasashe. Tun shekara ta 1914, East Prussia aka hannu a yakin duniya na farko, da kuma a shekarar 1944 - da yakin duniya na biyu.

Kuma bayan nasarar da dakarun Soviet a shekarar 1945, shi kullum daina wanzuwa da aka canza zuwa cikin Kaliningrad yankin.

Zama tsakanin wars

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, sha wahala babban rashi na Gabas Prussia. Taswirar 1939 riga ya da wani canji, da kuma sabunta lardin kasance a cikin wani mummunan jihar. Bayan duk, shi ne kawai yankin a Jamus, wanda tunawa da yãƙi fadace-fadace.

A sayi da yarjejeniyar da Versailles biya dearly ga Gabas Prussia. Gwarzon aka yanke shawarar rage da karkararta. Saboda haka, daga 1920 zuwa 1923, birnin Memel da Memel yankin ya zama wani League of Nations to sarrafa tare da taimakon sojojin Faransa. Amma bayan da Janairu tawayen na 1923 da halin da ake ciki ya canza. Kuma a cikin 1924, da waɗannan ƙasashe kamar yadda wani m yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na Lithuania.

Bugu da kari, Gabas Prussia, da kuma rasa wani ƙasa Zoldan (Dzialdowo birni).

A cikin duka, an katse game da 315 dubu kadada. Kuma wannan ba karamin ƙasa. A sakamakon wadannan canje-canje zama lardin da ke cikin wani rushewa, tare da babban tattalin arziki matsaloli.

Tattalin arziki da siyasa halin da ake ciki a cikin 20s da 30s.

A farkon twenties, bayan an daidaita dangantakar diplomasiyya tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Jamus, da misali daga mai rai a Gabas Prussia hankali ya fara inganta. kamfanin jirgin Moscow-Königsberg da aka bude, ci gaba da gabashin Jamus adalci, ya fara aiki Kenigsbergsskaya birane rediyo.

Duk da haka, tattalin arziki na duniya rikicin bai kare wadannan tsoho asashe. Kuma har tsawon shekara biyar (1929-1933 gg.) Kawai a Königsberg shi ya fatara da ɗari biyar da goma sha uku daban-daban kamfanonin, da kuma da yawan marasa aikin yi ya karu zuwa dubu dari mutane. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki, ta amfani da precarious kuma bai tabbata matsayi na yanzu gwamnati, da Nazi jam'iyyar dauki iko a hannuwansu.

redivision na ƙasa

A maps of Gabas Prussia har 1945 da ke sa wani gagarumin adadin canji. A wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1939, bayan da zama na Poland da sojojin Nazi na Jamus. A sakamakon haka, sabon tsarin karba-karba na Yaren mutanen Poland da ƙasashe Klaipeda (Memel) yankin na Lithuania da aka kafa a lardin. A birnin Elbing, Marienburg da Marienwerder ya zama wani ɓangare na sabuwar gundumar na West Prussia.

The Nazis sun kaddamar m da tsare-tsaren ga redivision na Turai. Kuma taswirar Eastern Prussia, a ra'ayi, ya riga ya zama cibiyar tattalin arziki yankin tsakanin Baltic da kuma Black tekuna, batun Accession da yankuna na Tarayyar Soviet. Duk da haka, wadannan tsare-tsaren ba zai zo gaskiya.

A post-yaki lokaci

Kamar yadda isowa na Soviet sojojin Eastern Prussia ma hankali sāke. Kafa soja Kwamandan ta ofishin, wanda ta hanyar Afrilu na shekarar 1945, akwai riga talatin da shida. Burin su kasance da jẽranta da Jamus, yawan, da kaya da kuma sauka a hankali miƙa mulki ga farar hula.

A waɗannan shekaru, a kan dukan ƙasar na Gabas Prussia boye dubban Jamus shugabanni da sojoji amsa kungiyoyin da hannu a ɓarna da gangan da kuma subversion. Kawai a cikin watan Afrilu na shekarar 1945, sojoji Kwamandan ta ofishin kama fiye da dubu uku dauke da makamai fascists.

Duk da haka, a cikin ƙasa na Königsberg da kewaye yankin gida ce sauki da kuma Jamus 'yan ƙasa. Akwai game da dubu 140, mutane.

A shekarar 1946, birnin Königsberg aka sake masa suna Kaliningrad, sakamakon kafa da Kaliningrad yankin. Kuma a nan gaba ya canza sunayen da sauran ƙauyuka. A dangane da wadannan canje-canje da aka redone da kuma data kasance taswira kafin shekarar 1945 Gabas Prussia.

Gabas Prussian asashe yau

Wadannan kwanaki, tsohon ƙasa na Kaliningrad yankin ne Prussians. Gabas Prussia daina wanzuwa a shekarar 1945. Kuma ko da yake wannan yankin shi ne wani ɓangare na Rasha Federation, suna geographically rabu. Bugu da kari ga administrative cibiyar - Kaliningrad (har zuwa shekarar 1946 haifa sunan Königsberg), mai kyau-raya birane kamar Bagrationovsk, Baltic, Gvardeisk, Amber, Sovetsk, Chernyakhovsk, Krasnoznamensk, Neman, Ozersk, Primorsk, Svetlogorsk. A yankin kunshi bakwai birane gundumomi, birane biyu da goma sha biyu gundumomi. Main mutanen da suke zaune a wannan yankin - a Rasha, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Lithuania, Armenia da kuma Jamus.

A ranar, da Kaliningrad yankin mukamansu farko a samar da amber, tsare a cikin ƙirjinka wasu casa'in cikin dari na ta duniya reserves.

Tarik zamani Gabas Prussia

Kuma ko da yake yau da taswirar Eastern Prussia canza bayan fitarwa, da ƙasar located a kan su garuruwa da kauyuka da kuma a yanzu da memory na baya. Ruhun da ya ɓata babbar kasa da har yanzu ji a yau Kaliningrad yankin a birane, wanda su ne sunayen Tapiau da Taplaken, Tilsit da Insterburg, Ragnit da Waldau.

The yawon bude ido suke rare yawon shakatawa gudanar a ingarma farm "Georgenburg". Yana wanzu a farkon goma sha uku karni. Georgenburg sansanin soja da aka Haven ga German Knights da Jihadin Krista babban dalilin zuwa doki kiwo.

Har yanzu, da coci da aka kyau kiyaye, gina a karni na sha hudu (a cikin tsohon birane Hayligenvalde da Arnau), kazalika da coci karni na sha shida a kan ƙasa na tsohon birni Tapiau. Wadannan majestic gine-gine suna kullum tunãtar da mutane na haihuwa sau da Teutonic Order of wadata.

jarumi ta castle

a ƙasar da ya fi zamanin da arziki amber reserves janyo hankalin da Jamusanci invaders. A cikin goma sha uku karni da Polish shugabanninmu, tare da Teutonic Knights hankali kwace dukiyarsa da kuma sāke gina su da yawa gidãje. Da ya rage daga wasu daga gare su, sunã da gine-gine da Monuments, da kuma a yau yin m ra'ayi kan Sahaban. A mafi girma yawan na da gidãjen aka gina a cikin goma sha huɗu da ta goma sha biyar ƙarni. Su wuri Tsarin aka kama Prussian Valenod-maginin sansanin soja. Lokacin gina gidãje dole kiyaye al'ada a style sash Gothic gine na marigayi tsakiyar zamanai. Bugu da kari, duk gine-gine tabbatar guda shirin na su yi. Yau da tsoho castle Insterburg bude wani sabon abu bude-iska gidan kayan gargajiya.

Daga cikin mazauna da kuma baƙi daga cikin Kaliningrad yankin ne mai matukar rare kauyen darajõji. Shi ne na musamman da yankin gidan kayan gargajiya tare da tsoho cellars Waldau Castle. Bayan ziyartar shi, za mu iya amincewa ce cewa a gaban idonsa shara dukan tarihin Gabas Prussia, tun lokacin da na zamanin d Prussians da kuma kawo karshen zamanin Soviet baƙi.