Nestor Makhno: biography, ban sha'awa facts

Nestor Makhno, wanda biography ne har yanzu sha'awar masana tarihi - da labari na yakin basasa. Wannan mutumin ya shiga tarihi a matsayin Makhno, kawai sai ya sa hannu da yawa muhimmanci takardun. Ban sha'awa facts daga rayuwar shugaban Anarchist motsi, za ka koya daga wannan labarin.

Nestor Makhno: biography, iyali

Don gane da abin da events an qaddara ta al'adar labari na yakin basasa, yana da daraja da biyan hankali ga shekara ta farko da rai na shugaban na anarchists.

Mahno Nestor Ivanovich, a takaice biography wanda za a gabatar a wannan labarin, an haife shi a wani kauye da ake kira Gulyaypole, wanda yanzu located in Zaporizhia yankin, da kuma a baya shi ya Ekaterinoslav lardin.

A nan gaba shugaban na baƙauye 'yan tawayen da aka haife Nuwamba 7, 1888 a cikin iyali Ivana Rodionovicha makiyayi ne, kuma matan aure da Evdokia Matreevny. A cewar daya daga version, da real sunan mu gwarzo povestovaniya - Mikhnenko.

Yaron ta iyaye, kiwon 5 yara, har yanzu iya ba da ilimi ga 'ya'yansu. Nestor sauke karatu daga kanta makaranta, tare da shekara bakwai riga na banza da kyauye, da suke aukaka. A 'yan shekarun baya, ya yi aiki a kan wani aiki da baƙin ƙarfe foundry.

Fara juyin juya halin

Nestor Makhno, wanda biography fara canza cika fuska da farkon juyin juya hali, a 1905, aka shigar da shi Anarchist kungiyar cewa ya akai-akai tabbatar da za a gani a gungu tashin hankali da ayyukan ta'addanci.

A daya daga cikin arangama da 'yan sanda suka kashe Nestor gadi domin. Laifin da aka kama, da kuma ga aikata irin wannan tsoro laifi hukuncin kisa. Nestor ya tsira kawai cewa a lokacin nan na gwaji, da yake har yanzu a qananan yaro. Hukuncin kisa da aka raga masu zuwa shekaru 10 naƙudarta.

The matasa laifin da aka a Butyrskaya.

Lokaci ba ya ciyar a banza

Ya kamata a lura cewa Nestor Makhno, wanda biography ya samu wani sabon zagaye na lokaci ɓace a cikin kurkuku ba rasa. Ya rayayye ya fara tafiyar da kai-da ilimi. Wannan gudummawar ba kawai don hira da tsohon soja abõkan, amma kuma wani mai arziki library a correctional makaman.

Lokacin da allura a cikin kurkuku da wani matashi laifin ya nema a yi sa da fursunoni hidima sentences ga dalilai na siyasa. Anarchists suna kunshe a cikin da'irar abõkan ƙarshe dimbin yawa hali da hangen nesa daga cikin makomar wannan kasar.

bayan saki,

A Fabrairu juyin juya halin na 1917 da shekara taimake Nestor da za a saki gaba da jadawali. Wahayi zuwa gare ta samu ilimi, Makhno aika zuwa mahaifarsa, inda ya zarar ya jagoranci kwamitin Ajiye juyin juya halin Musulunci.

A cewar munanan halaye membobin kwamitin, da manoma, da gaba daya ya yi watsi da duk umarni na wucin gwamnatin. Sun kuma an qaddamar da umurnin a kan rabo na ƙasar a tsakaninku da manoma.

A duk na sama matakai, da Oktoba juyin juya halin, Makhno dauki tare da jimami, saboda ya yi imani da Bolshevik gwamnatin anti-baƙauye.

Soja showdown: wanda ya lashe?

Lokacin a 1918 Ukraine aka shagaltar da ta Jamus, shugaban anarchists jagorancin da kansa 'yan tawayen sojoji, wanda ya yi yaƙi da Jamusanci mamaye da kuma a kan Ukrainian gwamnati, wanda aka jagorancin Hetman Skoropadsky.

Zama shugaban kungiyar 'yan tawayen, Nestor Makhno, wanda biography an fara girma a cikin sabon da ban sha'awa facts, dadin mai girma shahararsa a tsakanin manoma.

Bayan fall Skoropadsky ikon, da za a maye gurbinsu da gwamnatin Petlyura zo Makhno gama wani sabon yarjejeniya tare da Red Army, wanda aka aikata domin ya yi yaƙi da Directory.

Feeling cikin cikakkar master Gulyaypole, Nestor Makhno sau da yawa amsa qaddamar da bude asibitoci, shagunan, makarantu, da kuma ko da wasan kwaikwayo. Idyll keta kãma Huliaipole Denikin da dakarun shi. A gwarzo na mu labarin ya fara yaƙin basasa.

Its soja Makhno taimaki Red Army su hana shigar azzakari cikin farji na Denikin ta sojojin a Moscow. Lokacin da karshen da aka gaba daya shafe ta, da Bolsheviks kira sojojin Makhno waje doka. Ya ya riga ya taka rawar gani.

Yana so ya dauki amfani da Janar Wrangel. Ya miƙa Ataman anarchists hadin gwiwa, amma Makhno ƙiya. Lokacin da Red Army a cikin wani ƙoƙari kayar Wrangel, ji bukatar taimaka Makhno, da Bolsheviks sake miƙa shi wani kwangila. Nestor Makhno amince da shi.

A Makhno, la'akari da daya daga cikin umarni na Red umurnin tarko daina yin biyayya da lokaci na sama events na yaki. Da shi shi ne gaskiya cewa Bolsheviks fara liquidating ta yaƙin raka'a.

Don tsere daga bin sawun, a 1921, Nestor Makhno, a takaice biography wanda sake ya canza, tare da wani karamin rukuni na kamar shiryayye haye Romanian iyaka.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Makhno gudu kasashen waje tare da matarsa yaƙi Agafia Kuzmenko. Romanians, ba tare da tunanin sau biyu, haƙĩƙa, sun shige hijira zuwa Yaren mutanen Poland hukuma, wadda daga ƙarshe ta tura su zuwa Faransa.

A karshe shekaru ransa Makhno zauna a talauci, aiki a matsayin laborer. Duk da yake zaune a Paris, Nestor samar da dama promotional brochures. Iyalinsa rai kuwa shi m, ma, tare da matarsa, da suka rayu lokaci mai tsawo baya.

Ya mutu shugaban anarchists a cikin shekaru 45 daga tarin fuka. Aka binne shi a Père Lachaise hurumi.