Statism - shi ne ... Statism: ribobi da fursunoni

Maganar zo daga Faransa statism "Saboda ganin irin musibar", wanda ke nufin "jiha". Statism - shi ne manufar tunanin a harkokin siyasa, wanda ya ga jihar a matsayin mafi girma da nasarori da kuma raga na zamantakewa da ci gaban.

Kalmar "statism"

A tarihin da kalmar ta samo asali a cikin marigayi 19th karni a Faransa. Mahaifinsa aka dauke su Faransa-magana Swiss Numa Droz. Ya kasance mai nasara siyasa kuma publicist. A 1881 da kuma 1887 ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasar na Swiss Union. Democrat da yanayi da kuma wani outspoken abokin gaba na gurguzanci, ya kira da tabbatarwa daga karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da Swiss Confederation. Numa Droz fara amfani da Kalmar "statism" kawai dangane da al'ummar da bayyana ka'idojin ne mafi muhimmanci fiye da ka'idodin nasu 'yanci da kuma individuality.

A kowace kasa akwai abubuwa na wani tsarin kira etatizm. A ribobi da fursunoni da wannan siyasa sabon abu a baje karatu a kwanakin nan namu. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa ba ga wannan siyasa wani abu tabbatacce ga kasar su.

wakilan

Ainihin ra'ayin, tabbatacce kuma korau al'amurran da statism gwada wa da dama ƙarni. Wannan sabon abu ne dauke dukan duniya. Babban wakilan statism ne da masana falsafa, tattalin arziki, siyasa da kuma masana tarihi. Akwai da yawa treatises da articles a kan wannan topic. Game da primacy na jihar rubutu ko wadannan tsoho da masana falsafa a cikin al'umma, a matsayin Aristotle da Plato, da ra'ayin da aka goyon baya a Italiya - Niccolo Machiavelli, Ingila - Hobbes, Jamus - Hegel.

Ka'idojin statism

Babban manufa ne cewa babban rawa na jihar a duk matakai. Wadannan sun hada da siyasa, ta ruhaniya, da tattalin arziki, da 'yan majalisu Shirin zanen. The aiki na gwamnatin na'ura - ne da bukatar wani m tasiri a kan kowane fanni na rayuwar al'umma da. Bisa wannan ka'idar, da jama'a ne ba kawai da ikon kawai kai-gwamnati: ya kamata gwamnati ta "taya" su 'yan ƙasa.

Wani asali manufa na statism ne cewa jihar - wannan shi ne tushen ci gaba. Bã su da wani hakkin ya wanzu, kamfanoni, kafofin watsa labarai, wani irin kasuwanci. Gwamnatin na'ura - a boye abinci a kowane fanni na aiki.

A gaba manufa ake kira tsoma bakin. Wannan babu wani abu kuma, kamar yadda wani manufar jihar baki a rayuwar zaman mutane. Babban maƙasudin na gwamnatin ya wadãtu da rigakafin juyin juya hali, iko da masana'antu, management da kuma saka idanu na da taro na duk duniyoyin rayuwa da ta mutane.

Wani muhimmin manufa na statism - shi ne da wata manufa da take kokarin tabbatar da Mulkin Allah a ko'ina. Sun kallafa addini ne na kowa da kowa don kowa da kowa, da kuma godiya ga wannan, akwai wani "Churchification" jiha. Bisa ga yaƙĩni statists, da coci kamata su da wani tasiri a kan duk duniyoyin na rayuwar dan Adam. A wasu kalmomin, shi sanya da kuma sayar da kamfanonin na addini. Duk da haka, da wannan shiri, kamar yadda evidenced da labarin, ba wanzuwa ga nasara, shi take kaiwa zuwa totalitarianism, wanda ƙara kama Bolshevism da kuma National gurguzanci (Nazism, farkisanci).

Goodies

Ka yi la'akari da amfani ko rashin amfani da statism. Daya daga cikin manyan abũbuwan amfãni ne cewa mutane sama a ginin mai karfi, m da kuma m kasar, wanda aka yadda ya kamata dauke da fitar da wani civilizing aiki. Rayuwa a kan ƙasa na kasa, ya kamata mutane su damu game da zamantakewa da rashin tsaro, da samuwan jobs da kuma low matakan tattalin arziki. Suna da cikakken dõgara a jihar, sa'an nan, bi da bi, ya ba su amincewa a nan gaba. Sai dai itace sauki makirci: da mutane su kada kuri'a a gare su, kuma su da ake bukata don tabbatar da cewa ta mutane tsaro da kuma jin dadin jama'a na Bayelsa. Amma kamar yadda muka sani, babu tsarin aiki fi dacewa, saboda haka muka juya zuwa baya gefe na tsabar kudi.

fursunoni

A jihar riqe da matsayin cikakkar ta rawa. Kuma a cikin wasu kalmomi da za mu iya ce cewa statism - shi ne ya halicci tsarin "Allah a duniya". Akwai abin da ake kira nationalization na duk siffofin mutum rayuwa. Babu fanni na aiki a wadda gwamnatin dã ba su riƙe part. A gaskiya ma, statism - An iko kananan da kuma matsakaici-sized kasuwanci, duk da Tsarin, da abinci kansu, da rassan da rayuwar zamantakewa. Akwai cikakken management karkashin shugabancin tsakiya. Legal statism hada da Kaddamar da akida da kuma dabi'u. Halakar} ungiyoyin jama'a, Halicci babban mataki na ba komai haqqinsa 'yan sanda a jihar a cikin nau'i na jimlar statism.

Population kawai tuba a cikin daya manyan inert taro, wanda za a iya saukin sarrafawa.

Statism da Anarchism

Niccolo Machiavelli , kuma Georg Wilhelm Hegel ne mafi kawo sunayensu theorists wajen samar da ra'ayoyi na statism. Sun yi imani da cewa statism - ne cikakken akasin anarchism. A cikin view, wani tasiri hanyar tafiyad da tarzoma a cikin tituna, sata, kisan kai da kuma sauran tashin ne don kara rawar da jihar.

Machiavelli nemi a rayar da rafke Italiya, sha wahala a lokacin da devastation da kuma looting. Matsayinsa aka cikakken shared da Hegel, wanda ya so ikon for Jamus. Ya nemi tabbatar da cewa duk Jamusawa su gama da kuma shawo kansu cewa su ne don su bayyana, kuma dole ne ku yi ɗã'ã ta dokokin.

Kuma Machiavelli, kuma Hegel yi imani da cewa wani karfi monopolistic ikon jihar yana da muhimmanci ga 'yanci na' yan adam. Su ma an gamsu da cewa ya kamata mutane su dauki bangare a cikin halittar dokokin da a warware muhimmanci jihar-matakin lokuta. Wannan tsari da aka daga baya ba da sunan "halin kirki jihar". Kasashe da dama sun yi amfani da shi a cikin kwana.

misalai etatizma

Tarihi ya ambaci misalai masu yawa na yunkurin statism. Wannan ya hada da ikon kamar Japan, China, Amurka, Azeybardzhan. Bayyane abubuwa irin wannan abu a matsayin statism a Rasha ma.

Amma duk da haka daya daga cikin mafi daukan hankali misalai a duniya shi ne na farko shugaban kasar Turkey , Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, (mulki 1923-1938). Ya nemi "oderzhavit" duk Enterprises da kuma cibiyoyin, wanda, a cikin ra'ayi, da 'yar alamar amfani da jihar. Ya gyara aikinsa, kuma yunkurin canza duka Shirya iko entailed wasu canje-canje. Statism a cikin nau'i na "Kemalism" gane a cikin aikin hukuma rukunan da Baturke gwamnatin, ya kawo shi a cikin shirin na Republican People Party (1931), da kuma ko da kulla wani tsarin mulki (a 1937).

Don gane da mafi statist ra'ayi, za a iya koma zuwa wallafe-wallafe. Dzhorzh Oruell rubuta wani stunningly idon basira da kuma m labari dystopia, sadaukar da farko da ra'ayin nationalization na kewaye. The labari ne ake kira "1984", da kuma shi yana da wata babbar shahararsa a ko'ina cikin duniya. A mãkirci an saita a cikin almara duniya cewa gwamnati inji rike kome a karkashin iko da kuma kulawa na: mutane a ko'ina yin fim. Babu dakin da ko ga wani sirri rayuwa, da kuma kowane bangare ne gaba daya a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da jam'iyyar. Mutane ba su yarda ka yi tunani, abokai da kuma soyayya. Wani ba bisa doka ba yi ne tsananin hukuncin da dokar, wanda ya bambanta da ake supplemented kowace rana. Bayan da littafin da wannan aikin duniya da aka gudanar numfashin, kuma sunã tsõron jira domin irin wannan rabo kanta.

Statism a Rasha

Legal statism shimfidawa a fadin duniya domin baya da dama ƙarni. Kuma Rasha ne a siyasa sabon abu ba jin kunya daga. Abubuwa na ra'ayi muhimmi a kowace jiha.

A Rasha statism bayyana saboda controls bukatu a karfe, man fetur da kuma iskar gas da kamfanonin, kazalika da iko na kananan da kuma matsakaici-sized kasuwanci. A gaskiya ma, gwamnatin Halicci kenkenewa a cikin mafi girma a kamfanoni, waxanda suke da babban biyan haraji a wannan kasa. Saboda wannan dalili, dokokin da suka shafi wadannan sassa ne kullum canja ba a cikin ni'imar da kowa mutane.

Duk da haka, da rashin alheri, da arbitrariness na haraji - ba kawai alamar statism a Rasha. A jihar ma shãmakacẽwa a cikin kananan kasuwanci, ko da daya da bayar da wani low riba m, domin, samun abinci ko ayyuka a cikin kananan garuruwa. The dokokin da ake kullum canja, da kuma wani lokacin suna numfashi ba domin kasuwanci. Saboda haka, ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin na'ura jan a kananan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.

statism yau

Yau, da kasashen yammacin siyasa masana kimiyya sun zo da wani na kowa yarjejeniya. Sun amince da cewa akidar statism a yi sakamako a jihar jari hujja, da makamai ko sojoji na tattalin arzikin da take kaiwa zuwa wani makamai tseren (wannan, musamman, da kuma kwaminisanci tsarin mulki).

Domin wannan da kuma wasu dalilai, mutanen da ke kewaye da duniya a cikin ni'imar mulkin demokra] iyya da kuma 'yancin tunani. Sun ƙara so ka zama lafiya tare da gwamnati da injuna da kuma yin hadin gwiwa a kan m sharuddan. Amma cikakken bi da kuma zama karkashin cikakken ikon da kuma iko a hãlãyensu ba ya son duk wani dan kasa.