Systemically muhimmanci bankunan: jerin. Systemically muhimmanci bankuna a Rasha

Banks matsayin irin kasuwanci kungiyoyin, a hannu daya, taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin, kuma a kan sauran - a cikin hali na bayyanar cututtuka na rikicin trends - za a iya shafi fiye da wasu da nagarta da dacewa korau abubuwan. A sakamakon haka, sun iya zama, bi da bi, nauyi ne a kan kasa tattalin arzikin a fita daga cikin rikicin. Amma da ƙarfin da jihar - su hana shi. Saboda haka, Central Bank of Rasha Federation yanke shawarar yin jerin mafi dorewa banki kudi cibiyoyin, mafi alhẽri daga wani kare daga kufan crises, sabili da haka ba zai iya zama wani nauyi ga kasafin kudin, amma kuma ya inganta fitarwa na kasa tattalin arzikin da wuya halin da ake ciki a wadda shi ne a halin yanzu . Wanne kudi cibiyoyin suke kunshe a wannan jerin?

Jigon systemically muhimmanci bankuna

Systemically muhimmanci bankuna a Rasha - abin da wannan tsarin? Wannan kalma tana nufin mafi girma a bashi cibiyoyin wanda, a cikin ra'ayi na yarda da wadanda ko wasu sharudda, an halin kamar ciwon bayar da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin jihar. Irin wannan Manuniya iya hada tamanin da banki ta capitalization, da mataki na gaban a yankuna, kazalika da key Figures a kan sauran kudi yanayin tsarin.

Duk da haka, da na aikin sharudda, a kan matakin da dokokinta, da aka a lokacin a Rasha Federation. Saboda haka, a musamman jerin systemically muhimmanci bankuna - kamar yadda, misali, da aka buga a watan Yuli 2015 Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation, kafa, yafi a kan tushen da ciki sunadaran da kayyadewa kimomi. Lists na dacewa cibiyoyin kuma iya zama, misali, hikimar tantance hukumomin - kamar "RIA Rating".

gwamnatin bukatun

Duk da haka, akwai shaida cewa sharudda ga hada to systemically muhimmanci bankuna a foreseeable nan gaba za a iya kulla a majalisu matakin. Wannan batu, kamar yadda manazarta lura, aiki fita a daban-daban matakan da shawarwari a kan kudi kasuwa na Rasha Federation. Rasha bankuna suna da za a classified a matsayin systemically muhimmanci - idan muka yi magana game da lists wallafa da Central Bank iya zama m for jiha goyon bayan a taron na crises - misali, idan aka lura da liquidity matsaloli. Saboda haka, hukumomin da zai iya zama sha'awar rike da zaman lafiyar na bashi da kudi cibiyoyin saboda gaskiyar cewa sun, bi da bi, taimakawa ga tabbatar da zaman lafiyar na tattalin arzikin matsayin dukan.

Mai kula sanar

Yana iya lura da cewa, a shekarar 2013 Babban Bankin ya wallafa wani ban sha'awa daftarin aiki - tantancewa wani aiki da sharu ;; rarrabuwa na bankuna da aka ruwaito ga systemically muhimmanci. Wannan tushen bayyana cewa, jerin systemically muhimmanci bankuna a Rasha za a iya kaga dangane da darajar da kadarori na cibiyoyin, da rabo daga adibas, kazalika da darajar kudi da cewa suna da hannu a cikin wasu cibiyoyin kudin. Relevant shawarwari da aka dogara ne a kan sharudda na Basel kwamitin Banking Duba, kazalika da waje masana shawara. A wannan yanayin, da kudi yi na Babban Bankin ya kamata a auna, bisa ga tanade-tanaden daftarin, a kan tushen da ma'aikata ta yi a shekaru 3.

Mun kuma sani cewa a Janairu 2014 Babban Bankin ya bayar da shiriya a kan tushen da arziki na wanda ya kamata ya ayyana jerin systemically muhimmanci bankuna. 2014, a matsayin shawara da wasu masana, aka dauke a cikin bangare na yi kimantawa - don haka ga shi da dacewa jerin ba a buga. Duk da haka, akwai wani m ra'ayi. Wasu masana sun nuna cewa, shekarar da Babban Bankin zai buga na farko jerin systemically muhimmanci bankuna a 2014 ko ta yaya zai zama saboda da rikicin yayi da kuma bukatar ayyana jerin daga cikin barga bashi kungiyoyi. Duk da haka, babban bankin ya kafa daidai jerin kudi cibiyoyin kawai a watan Yuli 2015.

Systemically muhimmanci bankuna bisa ga CBR

La'akari da, sabili da haka, abin da yake a yanzu Babban Bankin allocates systemically muhimmanci bankuna. Jerin ya hada da 10 babbar Rasha banki kudi cibiyoyin.

wato:

- Sberbank - mafi girma a banki a Rasha Federation.

- VTB - na biyu mafi girma banki dukiya na Rasha Federation.

- Noma Bank.

- Raiffeisen Bank.

- UniCredit.

- Gazprombank.

- FK "Opening".

- Rosbank.

- PSB.

- Alfa Bank.

Kwararru sun kiyasta wannan jerin? Market manazarta yi imani da cewa Central Bank gabatar da ya hada da jerin systemically muhimmanci bankuna, a matsayin dukan, shi ne ma'ana. Kwararru da yawa, bisa manufa, kafin kayyadewa ya sanya wannan jerin, na nuna cewa, wadannan bashi da kudi cibiyoyin za su shiga cikin ta. Ko da yake, idan kawai saboda wadannan cibiyoyin - mafi girma a Rasha cikin sharuddan dukiya. Su tara a total of 60% na Rasha banki babban birnin kasar.

Sharudda daga Babban Bankin

Wannan babban bankin ana sa ran a nan gaba domin buga sharudda a kan tushen da aka gano systemically muhimmanci bankuna, a jerin abin da muka riga muka bincika a sama. Wannan, musamman, ya bayyana da wakilan da kayyadewa a kafofin watsa labarai hira. Yana iya a lura cewa wasu daga cikin sharudda samuwa ga jama'a a yanzu - idan ka bincika bayanai a latsa sake na CBR. Saboda haka, daya daga cikinsu ya ce cewa Oktoba 1, 2015 a kayyade systemically muhimmanci bankuna za a yi la'akari da wani nuna alama daga cikin darajar gajere liquidity. A bukatun for da darajar za a hankali kara. Yana farko za zaton kudi na 60%, amma a shekarar 2019, shi zai zama 100%.

Haka kuma an sani cewa Central Bank a 2016 zai kafa da bukatun ga babban birnin kasar buffers - a bisa ka'idar cewa m da Basel shawarwari. A m adadi a matsayin kari ga ainihin babban birnin kasar da ake bukata a biya diyya asarar a taron na wani rikicin, zai zama 0,625% game da dukiya mai nauyi da hadarin. A kowace shekara, da littattafai zai zama ƙara stringent. By 2019, bankuna za su bukatar tabbatar da cewa babban birnin kasar buffer a cikin darajar 2.5%.

ganiya representativeness

Yana iya a lura da cewa a cikin tantancewa da cewa yana so ya ayyana Rasha ta systemically muhimmanci bankuna, a 2014, da aka ce cewa adadin da bashi da kudi cibiyoyin ba a cikin jerin kamata hada da akalla 80% na Rasha kasuwar na banki dukiya.

A wannan batun, wasu masana da shawarar cewa, a farkon jerin systemically muhimmanci cibiyoyin za su zama a kusa da 50 kungiyoyi. Haka kuma, a cikin wata hira da manema labarai da wakilan na Central Bank a cikin kaka na shekarar 2014 ya ruwaito cewa da ya dace matsayi ya kamata sami 19 bankuna, tara, bi da bi, 70% na babban birnin kasar a cikin kasa da kasuwar.

Kusanta ne a wurin da kima na systemically muhimmanci bankuna

Saboda haka, za mu dubi dama sharudda cewa an ƙaddara da systemically muhimmanci bankuna. Suna da aka jera, hada da Babban Bankin, mu ma yayi nazari. Me suka ce wakilan cibiyoyin kudin da kasuwar manazarta a kan ko ta samar da wata m jerin da ka'idodinta da shirye-shiryen?

Saboda haka, kowa da ra'ayi, bisa ga abin da matsayi na na tsari muhimmancin da banki - shi ne ba sosai a son kamar yadda ya karu alhakin. Credit da kuma kudi kungiyar, wanda ya karbi shi, ya kasance a shirye don cika alkawurra - alaka biyu, zuwa ga shawarar da m matsaloli ga tattalin arziki na jihar, kazalika da hannu a cikin kasa da kasa sadarwa. Babban Bankin wakilan jaddada cewa, bankunan da suke a kan jerin systemically muhimmanci kamata ba wassu sharudda dõgara a kan taimakon kudi daga jihar. A muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ga warware yiwu matsaloli a cikin ma'aikata, kamar yadda muka gani da saman manajoji na Central Bank kamata wasa da masu hannun jeri.

A sharudda ga rarrabuwa na bankuna da tsarin: Gwani Tantance

Abin da masana suka ce game da buga a lokacin da Babban Bankin sharudda a kan wanda bankuna suna classified a matsayin systemically muhimmanci? Saboda haka, manazarta sosai gaskiya ma tantance da himma na Central Bank a cikin hasken da bukatun a kan babban birnin kasar buffers. Duk da haka, kwararru da yawa suna sha'awar, dangane da abin da dalilai da babban bankin kafa tarihi alama ta mu a sama.

A cewar wasu manazarta, wani muhimmin rarrabẽwa a cikin kimantawa na zaman lafiya na Rasha kudi cibiyoyin kasance ingancin management. Idan banki ne karkashin jagorancin m manajoji, shi ne a wani hali qara ta chances na samun nasara a shawo kan rikicin, kazalika da gudanar da ayyuka da cewa su ne dacewa ga tattalin arzikin kasar, masana suka ce.

cim tare da shugabannin

Rasha bankuna, wanda sanya Babban Bankin a cikin jerin systemically muhimmanci, an kuma tsara don zama wani abin koyi ga sauran, yiwu gasar kudi cibiyoyin, manazarta ce.

A ka'ida, su yiwuwa a cikin idanu na Rasha bashi kasuwa mahalarta ba za a iya tambayar, masana sun ce, amma karami sikelin-kungiyoyin, shi zai zama farin iya ganin, saboda abin da manyan bankuna musamman ne masu tasowa nasarar da gaskiya ma kimanta da kayyadewa. A wannan batun da littafin da Babban Bankin cikakken jerin sharudda ga kassa bashi da kudi cibiyoyin da tsarin iya zama wani gagarumin tutu inganta yadda ya dace da da banki tsarin a matsayin dukan, manazarta ce.