Ta yaya da yawa jinsunan a duniya rayu tare da mu

All rayuwa a duniya aka karin domin ta bambancin. Daga farkon sau, mutãne An karatu, kokarin shirya da kuma ƙidaya yawan jinsunan a duniya. Amma ko da a yau, duk da mun gwada babban mataki na raya ci gaban ilmin halitta, babu masanin kimiyya ba zai iya daidai amsa tambaya, da yawa irin dabbobi a duniya coexists tare da mu.

Janar Concepts

A karkashin sunan ilmin halitta nufi wani rukuni na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da suke da irin wannan a wasu sharudda da kuma suke iya interbreeding da haihuwar m zuriyarsa.

Sharudda jinsunan fifita:

• morphological (external da ciki tsarin).
• kwayoyin (ilimin kwayoyin hali tsarin).
• Biochemistry (kama musayar matakai).
• Saline (kama m matakai).
• Kasa (mazauninsu).
• muhalli (a cikin muhalli alkuki).

Kuma za ka iya fadada wannan jerin. Don sanin da tsari da kuma mika shi zuwa ga rarrabuwa tsarin wajibi ne a gudanar da wani fairly painstaking analysis.

Dabbobi, da kuma shuke-shuke

Oddly isa, ko da a cikin definition of kwayoyin da na ga wani musamman taxon iya haifar da matsaloli. A masana kimiyyar yau ne karkata zuwa imani da cewa dabbobi - ne kwayoyin da cewa amfani ga rayuwar shirye-sanya kwayoyin abubuwa, da kuma iya haduwa da shi daga inorganic. Shuke-shuke da kansu haduwa kwayoyin halitta a gare su rayuwa tafiyar matakai. Sa'an nan, wannan shi ne sosai simplistic.

juyin halitta na rikitaccen

Ƙidaya yawan jinsunan dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke a duniya ta kasance a cikin wani lokaci, shi ne matsala a cikin ra'ayi na ci gaba da kowane biyu. Kowane jinsi ya sau daya a can, habaka ko ƙi, bace ko tasowa.

Wasu masana kimiyyar birnin data cewa kowane awa daya a duniya ba fashi bace uku jinsunan halittu masu rai, da bi, da rana zai bace game da 72 jinsin. Game da yadda da yawa jinsunan akwai za a iya hukunta daga gaskiya cewa shekara-shekara rarrabuwa da kuma taxonomy supplemented da dubban sabon nau'in aka bayyana. Yana da muhimmanci cewa kusan kowane kama da taimakon zurfin teku trawling bincike tasoshin fitar da wakilan teku masana kimiyya, ba baya aka bayyana nau'in.

akan burbushin halitta data

Yadda yawa jinsunan babu a duniya? Bisa ga kimomi da masana binciken burbushin halittu, shi ne 2-3% na jimlar yawan, sun bayyana a duniya tun da asuba na rayuwa. Karewa - al'ada juyin halitta tsari ne guda kamar yadda fitowan da sabon nau'in. Saboda haka amsar tambaya na yadda da yawa jinsunan bar a duniya, na bukatar tabbatar da dalilin da lokaci firam. Zabin yanayi a gwagwarmayar zama ba a soke ta.

Alal misali, akwai shaida cewa daga 1600 zuwa 1969 tare da fuskar ƙasa bace 38 jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma 94 aji tsuntsaye aji.

Dadaddun ko ba haka ba?

Akwai irin wannan hukumar domin kiyayewar jinsunan (IUCN), bisa ga abin da 801 jinsin dabbobi a hukumance da aka bayyana, ya bace daga fuskar duniya a cikin past shekaru 500. Wani lokacin jinsunan ayyana dadaddun, yana ci gaba da zama.

A cikin 20s na baya karni, shi ya faru da arewacin giwa hatimi. A jinsunan da aka ayyana dadaddun a sakamakon da m wargajewa mutum. Duk da haka, Lost Group giwaye a kan karkata daga Mexico, a kan karamin tsibirin da Guadalupe, ya gudanar ya tsira, da kuma abin mamaki daga cikin tsari na 100 mutane da irin wannan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ya iya sake samu da ƙarfi. Yau da jinsunan ba a karkashin barazana da nau'i nau'i.

Shin shi da ban tsoro bacewar

Ta yaya za a iya bacewar malam kawai ga juyin halitta na rayuwa a duniya, ko da yara sani. Kowane mutum na duba eponymous Hollywood blockbuster. A fim yana da matukar real abubuwan. Masana kimiyyar halitta buga misali da yadda wani canji a daya nau'in a cikin al'ummar yanayin kasa na Amazon floodplain, abu don babbar sakamakon. Up zuwa tadawa canje-canje. Saboda haka da cewa rayuwa na daya kadan malam a cikin yanayi, inda duk abin da aka haɗa mafi kyau zaren, sadarwa, shi ne kamar yadda muhimmanci kamar yadda kasancewar dukan bil'adama.

Kuma duk da haka, da yawa jinsin dabbobi a duniya?

Duk abin da ya, kokarin sanin yawan jinsunan dauka. Recent kimiyya aikin jami'o'i a Canada da kuma Hawaii kai da adadi na 8.7 miliyan - shi ke da yawa jinsunan akwai a duniya yau. Kuma 80% na wannan adadi - wani jinsin ba tukuna aka bayyana da kimiyyar zamani. Batutuwa na ba-kwararru a kan al'amarin ba kasa da cewa na sana'a taxonomists.

Sauran data bayar da shawarar da wanzuwar miliyan 150 jinsunan karatu na wanda kawai miliyan 1.5.

Me ƙidaya?

Sanin irin yadda mutane da yawa irin dabbobi a duniya, bisa ga masana kimiyyar halitta, ba wai kawai na msar tambayar sha'awa. A m muhimmancin irin wannan ilmi zai ba da damar ecologists yin lissafi abin da asarar da suka faru a lokacin batu na wani take, da batu na muhalli da bala'i a kan wani planetary sikelin. Irin wannan lissafin da nasu dabara da zai iya taimaka wajen samar da hanyoyin da za a adana da zaman lafiyar na yanayin kasa cewa sanin da wanzuwar rayuwa a duniya.

Madaidaici data a kan yawan jinsunan bambancin da duniya za su taba sani ba. Wannan ne hasashen da masana kimiyyar. Za mu ko da yaushe yayata a kan da, debe miliyan. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya bayar da Yunƙurin zuwa ga mutãne rabuwa tashin hankali. A fragility na duniya ta yanayin kasa, da mahimmancin kowane, ko da wani kankanin kwayoyin a cikin biosphere - mai girma darajar, kyauta yanayi.