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Tarihi da iri jamhuriyoyin
A yau duniya Republican nau'i na gwamnati, shi ne watakila mafi rare a jihar tsarin daga cikin kasashen na duniya. Amma abin da daidai yake wakiltar? Abin da iri jamhuriyoyin? Ka yi kokarin fahimtar.
Nau'in jamhuriyoyin da tarihin
A lokaci kanta zo daga Latin kalma shawara (abu) da kuma publica (general). cewa shi ne
A Roma guda jihar wanzu ake kira aristocratic jamhuriyar a cikin abin da kawai aristocracy (patricians) ya mulki ball. Bayan fall na zamanin d wayewa da kuma samuwar na jahiliya mulkokin wannan nau'i na ikon na'urorin shi ba ya sauko daga mataki na tarihi, ko da yake an nisa tura da mulkin gargajiya, kuma daga baya - da cikakkar
Daban-daban na jamhuriyoyin wanzu a Venice, Genoa, wasu Jamus jihohi. A Novgorod Rus gagarumin levers na ikon kasance boyars, shiga cikin wata kwangila tare da sarakuna. Sich kuma sau da yawa kira da Cossack jamhuriyar. Amma gaske cikakken Tarurrukan na Republican nau'i na gwamnati ya faru bayan da Renaissance.
Modern views aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar shahararren malamai: Locke, Rousseau, Hobbes. An muhimmanci wuri ne shagaltar da ra'ayin da ake kira zamantakewa kwangila, wanda ya nuna da ra'ayin cewa da zarar kan wani lokaci mutane da yardarsa ya bayar up wasu daga cikin hakkin a cikin ni'imar da gwamnatin. Duk da haka, wannan yakan haifar da wani wajibi na jihar da mutane da dama na karshen su yi zãluncin rarraba jama'a idan gwamnati wuce doka tsarin. XIX da XX karni wani lokaci na fall na monarchical gwamnatocin da kafa mulkin demokra] iyya domin - na farko a Turai da kuma nan a dukan duniya.
A zamani jamhuriyar: manufar, fasali, iri
A duniya ta yau, da irin wannan na'urar ya shafi wadannan muhimman hakkokin Properties:
- Rabuwa da ikon tabbatar da halittar da dama rassan (m daga juna da kuma tare da daban-daban iko). Wannan manufa bukatun
a matsayin ƙarin gwargwado na kariya da wani yiwu usurpation na ikon da mutum daya, ko kuma wani rukuni na kamar shiryayye mutane. Mafi sau da yawa, akwai rassa uku: majalisu (majalisa), da zartarwa (shugaban kasar da kuma na majalisar ministoci) da shari'a (a gaskiya, da tsarin na kotu), amma akwai ƙarin (dubawa, jarrabawa, da dai sauransu) a cikin wasu kasashe. - M yau da kullum da zaben na m hukumomi na shugaban kasar da kuma zaben majalisar dokoki (a wasu lokuta da shugaban za a iya zabe a kaikaice ta hanyar majalisar dokokin kasar).
- Keda daukaka na kundin tsarin mulki a cikin tsarin shari'ar jihar. Legal alhakin gaban doka, jami'ai.
Jamhuriyar iya zama majalisar da shugaban kasar, dangane da ma'auni na iko tsakanin cibiyoyin. Alal misali, {asar Amirka ne classic shugaban, inda samuwar gwamnati himma nasa ne da shugaban kasar. Daban-daban na shugaban jamhuriyar aka wakilta a kasashe da dama na yankin Latin Amurka da Afirka. A Italiya (da kusan ko'ina a Turai), a daya bangaren, shugaban da aka zaba ta hanyar majalisar, wanda ke nufin cewa na karshe mafi girma yin amfani.
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