The fi sauri hypersonic jirgin sama a duniya. Rasha hypersonic jirgin sama

Talakawa fasinja jirgin saman tashi a gudun game da 900 km / h. Jet soja jirgin saman soja iya isa game da uku sau da gudun. Duk da haka, da zamani injiniyoyi daga Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe suna rayayye tasowa mafi high-gudun inji - hypersonic jirgin sama. Mene ne ƙayyadaddu na Concepts?

Sharudda ga hypersonic jirgin sama

Mene ne wani hypersonic jirgin sama? A karkashin wadanda fiye gane kamar inji iya tashi a gudu da yawa sau fi da cewa da sauti. Hanyoyin gudanar da nazari da wasu takamaiman Manuniya shi daban-daban. Rarraba hanya a kan abin da jirgin sama da ya kamata a daukarsa a hypersonic, idan shi ne a mahara mafi girma daga cikin gaggawa gudun kwaikwayon na zamani supersonic na'urorin. Wanne ne game da 3-4 dubu. Km / h. Wannan shi ne, a hypersonic da jirgin sama, idan ka bi wannan hanya, ya kamata isa gudun 6 da dubu. Km / h.

Unmanned da kuma sarrafa motocin

Halarci masu bincike za su iya bambanta ma a bangare na kayyade sharudda ga hada da wani inji for jiragen sama. Akwai version cewa ga waɗanda istinbadi damuwa kawai ne ga waɗanda inji cewa suna hannun mutum. Akwai ra'ayi, bisa ga abin da jirgin sama kuma za a iya gani da kuma unmanned. Saboda haka, wasu manazarta sun fassara inji na da irin wannan ga waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin mutum iko da kuma waɗanda suke aiki autonomously. Irin wannan rabo na iya zama wajaba domin drones iya samun fiye da karaya fasaha halaye, misali, cikin sharuddan gudun da accelerations.

Duk da haka, da yawa masu bincike la'akari hypersonic jirgin sama kamar yadda guda ra'ayi, wanda a key nuna alama - gudun. Ko a controls na inji wani mutum zaune ko inji sarrafawa robot - babban abu cewa jirgin da aka isasshe da sauri.

Tashi - kadai ko tare da taimakon wasu?

Rarraba Nau'in hypersonic jirgin sama, wanda dogara ne - to rarraba su a cikin category mãsu iya dauka kashe a kan nasu, kõ kuwa waɗanda suke bukatar masauki domin karin iko abin hawa - wani roka, ko da wani jirgin saman daukar kaya. Akwai ra'ayi a kan wanda ya apparatuses na da irin wannan halatta dangana yafi mãsu iya dauka kashe a kan kansa ko da kadan hannu na sauran iri kayan aiki. Duk da haka, wadanda masu bincike suka yi ĩmãni da cewa babban rarrabẽwa, characterizes a hypersonic jirgin sama - gudun, ya zama gaske a wani rarrabuwa. Ko shi ne aiki na na'urar don wani unmanned, sarrafawa, iya dauka kashe a kan kansa ko tare da wasu motoci - idan cikin daidai nuna alama kai dabi'u na sama, yana nufin cewa muna magana ne game da wani hypersonic jirgin sama.

Babban matsaloli na hypersonic mafita

Concepts na hypersonic mafita - domin da yawa shekarun da suka gabata. A ko'ina cikin shekaru na ci gaban da ya dace da irin na'urorin da duniya ta injiniyoyi shirya wani gagarumin yawan matsaloli, ma'ana taushẽwarsu sa batun "hypersonic" a kan rafi - kamar kungiyar na samar da turboprop jirgin sama.

Babban wahala a cikin zane na hypersonic jirgin sama - don samar da wani engine iya yin isasshe makamashi m. Wata matsala - da jeri na bukata thermal kariya na'urar. Gaskiyar cewa gudun hypersonic jirgin sama a cikin dabi'u da cewa mun gani a sama, da shawara mai karfi dumama na jiki saboda da gogayya da yanayi.

Yau za mu dubi wani kaɗan daga nasara prototypes na jirgin sama da ya dace da irin, wanda Developers sun iya muhimmanci matsawa gaba cikin sharuddan da nasara bayani na ambata matsaloli. Mu yanzu karatu ya fi shahara a duniya aukuwa game da halittar hypersonic jirgin sama na da irin wannan.

The fi sauri jirgin sama daga Boeing

The fi sauri hypersonic jirgin sama a duniya, a cewar wasu kwararru, wannan shi ne wani American Boeing X-43A. Alal misali, a lokacin gwaji na na'urar da aka rubuta cewa, ya kai mai gudu fiye da kima da 11 dubu. Km / h. Wannan shi ne kamar 9.6 sau sauri fiye da gudun sauti.

Mene ne abin kula ne musamman hypersonic jirgin sama X-43A? Features na jirgin sama kamar haka:

- iyakar gudu rubuta a kan gwaje-gwaje, - 11 zuwa 230 km / h.

- wingspan - 1.5 m.

- ƙwanso tsawon - 3.6 m.

- Engine - cocurrent, Supersonic konewa Ramjet.

- man fetur - yanayi oxygen, hydrogen.

Yana iya lura da cewa, batun inji ne daga cikin mafi tsabtace muhalli. Gaskiyar cewa da man fetur amfani da kusan ya shafi samuwar guba konewa kayayyakin.

Hypersonic jirgin sama X-43A aka ɓullo da a hade da NASA injiniyoyi, kazalika da kamfanonin Orbical Science Corporation da kuma Minocraft. A jirgin sama da aka halitta game da shekaru 10. Its ci gaban da aka kashe game da 250 miliyan. Dollars. Na ra'ayi sabon abu dauke jirgin sama cewa shi aka tsara don gwada latest fasahar tabbatar da aiki da mota dirka.

Development daga Orbital Science

Kamfanin Orbital Science, wanda, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, ya halarci a cikin halittar na'urar X-43A, kuma gudanar don ƙirƙirar da kansa hypersonic jirgin sama - X-34.

Its saman gudun - fiye da dubu 12 km / h .. Duk da haka, a cikin m gwaje-gwaje da shi ba a samu - a gaskiya, shi ya gaza cimma manufa, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar jirgin sama X43-A. An fito da jirgin sama kara da Harnessing jifa "Pegasus", aiki a kan m man fetur. Machine X-34 da aka fara gwada a 2001. An fito da jirgin sama muhimmanci ya fi girma naúrar daga Boeing - da tsawon 17,78 mita, wingspan - 8,85 m Maximum tsawo hypersonic inji daga Orbical Science -. 75 kilomita.

A jirgin sama daga Arewacin Amirka

Wani sanannun hypersonic jirgin sama - X-15, bayar da North American kamfanin. Wannan naúrar manazarta sanyã wa gwaji.

Yana sanye take da roka injuna, wanda ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa wasu masana ba sanyã shi, a gaskiya, da aji na jirgin sama. Duk da haka, da gaban roka engine sa da na'ura, musamman yin suborbital flights. Alal misali, a lokacin da daya daga cikin gwaje-gwaje a cikin wannan yanayin da aka gwada ta da matukan jirgi. inji Nufa X-15 - nazarin ƙayyadaddu na hypersonic jirgin kimantawa daban-daban zane mafita, sabon kayan da fasali kamar inji iko a daban-daban yadudduka da yanayi. Abin lura shi ne cewa manufar da aikin da aka amince a shekara ta 1954. X-15 tashi a gudun fiye da 7 da dubu. Km / h. A kewayon da jirgin - fiye da 500 km, da tsawo ne mafi girma daga 100 km.

The fi sauri samar da jirgin sama

Mun yi karatu a sama hypersonic motocin zahiri kasance a cikin category na gudanar da bincike. Zai zama da amfani a la'akari da wasu samarwa model na jirgin sama, kusa da halaye na hypersonic, ko ne (a cikin sãɓãwar launukansa methodologies) su.

Daga cikin wadannan inji - Amirka ci gaban da SR-71. A jirgin sama, wasu masu bincike ayan koma zuwa hypersonic, tun da saman gudun ne game da 3.7 dubu. Km / h. Daga cikin mafi daukan hankali halaye - kashe taro wanda shi ne mafi girma daga 77 ton. abin hawa tsawon - fiye da 23 mita, wingspan - fiye da 13 m.

An dauke da daya daga cikin Rasha MiG-25, ya fi sauri soja jirgin sama. The na'urar iya isa gudu daga fiye da 3.3 dubu. Km / h. Matsakaicin Take-kashe nauyi na jirgin kasar Rasha - 41 ton.

Saboda haka, kasuwar samar da yanke shawara, kusa da halaye na hypersonic, Rasha Federation - daya daga cikin shugabannin. Amma abin da game da aukuwa a cikin Rasha ɓangare na "classic" hypersonic jirgin sama? Ne injiniyoyi daga Rasha Federation don ƙirƙirar wani bayani, wani m mota daga Boeing da kuma Orbital Scence?

Rasha hypersonic motocin

A lokacin, Rasha supersonic jirgin sama ne a karkashin ci gaba. Amma ta ne quite aiki. Muna magana ne game da wani jirgin sama Ju-71. Da farko gwajin, a cewar rahotanni a kafofin watsa labarai, da aka gudanar a watan Fabrairu 2015 a Orenburg.

Ana sa ran cewa da jirgin sama za a yi amfani da soja dalilai. Saboda haka, hypersonic na'urar zai iya, idan ya cancanta, domin a sadar da makamai harin a tsawon nisa, wajen saka idanu da wuri, amma da aka ma hannu kamar yadda wani kashi na harin jirgin sama. Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa a cikin 2020-2025 shekaru. SMF zo a game da 20 Game da irin jirgin sama.

A kafofin watsa labarai akwai rahotannin da ke cewa Rasha dauke hypersonic jirgin sama za a sanya a ballistic makamai masu linzami "Sarmat", wanda aka kuma located a zane mataki. Wasu manazarta yi imani da cewa tasowa a hypersonic inji Ju-71 - shi ne kome kamar warhead, wanda dole ne a rabu da ballistic makamai masu linzami a mataki na karshe na gudu, sa'an nan kuma, saboda da high halayyar da jirgin sama maneuverability shawo kan makami mai linzami tsaron gida tsarin.

"Ajax" aikin

Daga cikin mafi mashahuri ayyukan da suka shafi ci gaban hypersonic jirgin sama - "Ajax". Za mu yi nazarin shi a daki-daki. Hypersonic jirgin sama "Ajax" - da na ra'ayi ci gaban Soviet injiniyoyi. A kimiyya al'umma game da ita tattaunawa fara a cikin 80s. Daga cikin mafi mashahuri halaye - kasancewar wani thermal kariya tsarin da aka tsara don kare gidaje daga zafi fiye da kima. Saboda haka, developers na "Ajax" na'urar zai bayar da wani bayani da daya daga cikin "hypersonic" matsaloli kayyade sama mu.

Traditional thermal kariya kewaye tashi inji shafi cikin jeri a jiki musamman kayan. "Ajax" developers da shawarar a daban-daban ra'ayi, bisa ga abin da ba su kamata a kare da na'ura daga waje dumama, da kuma amince da zafi a cikin na'ura, yayin da kara samar da makamashi Madogararsa. Babban gasa na Soviet inji aka dauke a hypersonic da jirgin sama, "Aurora", halitta a Amurka. Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa designers na Tarayyar Soviet muhimmanci kumbura yiwuwa na da ra'ayi, wani sabon ci gaba da aka ɗõra wa ɗaukar da fadi da kewayon ayyuka, kamar gudanar da bincike. Za mu iya cewa "Ajax" - hypersonic multipurpose jirgin sama.

Bari mu bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki cikin fasaha sababbin abubuwa miƙa ta injiniyoyi daga Tarayyar Soviet.

Saboda haka, Soviet designers "Ajax" samarwa don amfani da zafi a sakamakon da airframe na gogayya na yanayi, tana mayar cikin amfani da makamashi. A zahiri, wannan za a iya cimma ta ajiye na'urar a kan sauran bawo. A sakamakon haka, shi ya kafa wani abu kamar na biyu jiki. Its rami ya kamata su cika wasu daga cikin mai kara kuzari, msl, a cakuda combustible abu da kuma ruwa. A zafi insulating Layer sanya wata wuya abu, "Ajax" za a maye a cikin ruwa, wanda a hannu daya, ya kamata kare engine, a kan sauran - zai bayar da gudummawa ga catalytic dauki, wanda, duk da haka, zai iya a tare da wani endothermic sakamako - da motsi na zafi daga cikin matsanancin sassa a cikin al'amarin. Rubuce, sanyaya m ɓangare na na'urar zai iya zama wani abu. Rarar zafi, bi da bi, da aka zaci su yi amfani da su inganta yadda ya dace da wani jirgin sama engine. Bugu da ƙari, wannan fasahar zai ba da damar man fetur da su janye saboda da dauki da iri free hydrogen.

A halin yanzu samuwa ga jama'a bayani a kan ci gaba da raya "Ajax" samuwa, amma masu bincike yi imani da gabatarwar da wani sosai alamar rahama Soviet Concepts cikin yi.

Sin hypersonic motocin

Gasa na Amurka da kuma Rasha a kasuwa na hypersonic mafita zama Sin. Daga cikin shahararrun kayayyaki injiniyoyi daga China - jirgin sama Wu-14. Yana da wani sarrafawa hypersonic glider wanda aka sanya a kan wani ballistic harsashi.

IDB gabatar da jirgin sama a sararin samaniya, inda da mota da cika fuska swoops saukar, masu tasowa, wani hypersonic gudun. Sin naúrar za a iya saka a daban-daban IDB ciwon kewayon 2 zuwa dubu 12. Km. An gano cewa a lokacin da gwaje-gwaje da na'ura Wu-14 ya iya isa gudu fiye da kima da dubu 12. Km / h, zama haka a cikin gaggawa hypersonic jirgin sama a cewar wasu manazarta.

Duk da haka, da yawa masu bincike yi imani cewa, kasar Sin ta ci gaba da ba quite wajaba a kansa ya koma zuwa aji na jirgin sama. Saboda haka, kowa version, a kan abin da inji shi ne da za a classified a matsayin warhead. Kuma matukar tasiri. A lokacin da jirgin saukar da wani alama gudun har ma ya fi na zamani makami mai linzami tsaron tsarin ba zai iya tabbatar da interception dace manufa.

Yana iya lura da cewa, ci gaban hypersonic motocin shagaltar da ta soja dalilai, ma hannu Rasha da kuma Amurka. A halin yanzu, da Rasha ra'ayi, ga abin da shi ne aka yi nufi ga haifar da ya dace da irin inji, muhimmanci daban-daban, kamar yadda evidenced da data a wasu daga cikin kafofin watsa labaru, daga cikin fasaha ka'idojin aiwatar da Amirkawa da Sin. Saboda haka, Developers na Rasha Federation mayar da hankali kokarin a filin jirgin sama sanye take da ramjet engine cewa zai iya gudu a kan ƙasa. Rasha na shirin yin hadin gwiwa a cikin wannan shugabanci da India. Hypersonic motocin halitta da Rasha ra'ayi, kamar yadda wasu manazarta da ƙananan kudin da fadi aikace-aikace.

A daidai wannan lokaci Rasha hypersonic jirgin sama, wanda muka ce a sama (U-71), kwakwalwa, a cewar wasu manazarta, kamar yadda lokaci da aka sanya a kan ICBMs. Idan wannan sanarwa zama gaskiya, to ba za mu iya magana game da abin da injiniyoyi daga Rasha Federation suna aiki daga biyu rare inda ake nufi a cikin na ra'ayi yi na hypersonic jirgin sama.

summary

Saboda haka, mai yiwuwa ya fi sauri hypersonic jirgin sama a duniya, cikin sharuddan da jirgin sama, ko da kuwa su rarrabuwa, shi ne har yanzu a kasar Sin inji Wu-14. Ko da yake ya kamata a gane cewa real bayanai game da shi, ciki har da wadanda suka shafi cikin gwaje-gwaje, za a iya classified. Wannan ya yi daidai da ka'idojin Sin Developers, wanda sau da yawa a cikin abin da aka ƙoƙarin adana su soja fasahar a fake. Gudun da ya fi sauri hypersonic jirgin sama - fiye da dubu 12 km / h .. Yana "kama up" tare da ci gaban da American X-43A - kwararru da yawa imani da shi shi ne ya fi sauri. Rubuce hypersonic jirgin X-43A, kuma Sin Wu-14 zai iya kama up a kan ci gaban Orbical Science, lasafta a kan kudi na fiye da dubu 12. Km / h.

Halaye na jirgin kasar Rasha U-71 ya ba tukuna aka saukar zuwa ga jama'a. Yana yiwuwa su za a kawo kusa da sigogi na Sin da jirgin sama. Rasha injiniyoyi ma kai da ci gaban hypersonic jirgin sama na iya shan kashe ba bisa ICBMs, da kuma a kan nasu.

Yanzu ayyukan da masu bincike daga Rasha, Sin da Amurka a cikin ko ta wani hanya da alaka da soja. Hypersonic jirgin sama, tare da la'akari da yiwu rarrabuwa, suna dauke da farko a matsayin makamai m, mafi m nukiliya. Duk da haka, a cikin aikin da masu bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya gamu da theses cewa "hypersound" kamar fasahar nukiliya, shi iya zama m.

Yana da har zuwa zuwan araha ne kuma abin dogara mafita tsara taro samar da motoci na dace da irin. A amfani da irin wannan na'urorin mai yiwuwa ne a cikin widest kewayon sassa na ci gaban tattalin arziki. A mafi girma bukatar hypersonic jirgin sama ne wata ila don samun a cikin sarari masana'antu da kuma gudanar da bincike.

Kamar yadda na kudin Game da samar da inji fasahar amfani a zuba jari a cikin irin wannan ayyukan iya fara motsa jiki da kai kasuwanci. Masana'antu da hukumomi, da masu samar da sabis daban-daban za su iya fara la'akari "hypersound" a matsayin kayan aiki don inganta shiga gasa da na kasuwanci cikin sharuddan kungiyar na kasa da kasa da sadarwa.