Train - menene wannan? Menene ra'ayoyi

Jirgin kasa - wani nau'i na sufuri da aka yi amfani da mazaunan CIS mafi sau da yawa, idan sun yi tafiya a waje su Locality. A daidai wannan lokaci, 'yan mutane san cewa kafin zuwan da Railways da kalmar "jirgin kasa" ya kira wani nau'i na sufuri. Bari mu gano abin da shi ne, kuma kadan matsahi na saba da tarihi na jiragen kasa, da ra'ayoyinsu.

Jirgin kasa - shi ...

Yau, da wannan kalma ake magana a kai a jirgin kasa, da dama, da motoci a haɗe zuwa locomotive, sakamakon dukan jirgin kasa a motsi. Matsayin mai mulkin, da jirgin kasa ne "kai" (farko) da kuma "wutsiya" (karshen), bangarorin biyu na da aka a haɗe da wani locomotive. Dangane da abin da na locomotives yanzu kõma kekunan shanu, da wuri daga cikin "kai" da kuma "wutsiya" na jirgin kasa za a iya canja.

Af, ba kowa da kowa ya sani ba, amma har ma da locomotive ba tare motoci kamu to shi ma yana nufin da manufar "jirgin kasa".

A CIS, da jirgin kasa da lambar, don kauce wa rikice. Da motoci kuma samun wata lambar, kuma suka kasance canzawa har a harka na canji na "kai" na jirgin kasa.

Abin da ake kira "jirgin kasa" a baya

A Rasha, da kalmar "jirgin kasa" ya bayyana da yawa a baya fiye da dukan 'yan adam ya fito da Railways. A cikin tsohon kwana ya da sunan ayarin, kunsha wani layi na jere carriages (a cikin hunturu - sleigh). Wadannan jiragen kasa da aka amfani da su safarar kayan abinci da kuma makamai na yaki, kazalika da yan kasuwa, domin isar da dũkiyõyinsu daga wuri daya zuwa wani.

Da zuwan da Railways saba mutane na Rasha Empire, da kalmar fara da za a yi amfani da matsayin da sunan duka biyu da locomotive kuma ga shi a tare da tare da motoci. Af, da motoci da kansu da farko na ci gaba da kiran crews.

Abin sha'awa, a irin wannan ma'ana, da kalmar "jirgin kasa" a yau ake amfani da kawai a lokacin bikin aure idi. Saboda haka muke kira mai kauri procession na ango, wadannan amarya gidan don ya auro ta zuwa coci ko yin rajista ofishin.

Origin of ajalin

Suna "jirgin kasa" - a 'yan qasar Rasha kalmar da aka kafa daga suna "tafi", da kuma kafin cewa - daga "tafi" wani aiki (don matsar da taimako na abin hawa).

The sosai guda fi'ili wanzu a Proto-Slavic harshe. Domin wannan dalilin shi ya tsira a cikin zamani Ukrainian ( "їzditi"), Belarushiyanci ( "ezdzіts"), Bulgarian ( "yazdya"), Czech (jezdit), Yaren mutanen Poland (jeździć) da kuma sauran Slavic harsuna.

A farko Railway a Rasha Empire

A Turai, na farko fasinja jirgin kasa a watan Satumba 1830 Practical Turawa aka fara kaddamar da kyawawan zarar lura da yadda m da kuma m, kuma mafi muhimmanci, cheap sabon nau'i na sufuri, kuma nan da nan yankin da aka rufe mafi m kasashe na Railways net.

A 'yan shekaru bayan da farko jirgin kasa da aka fara, shi ne sha'awar, da kuma' yan ƙasa na Rasha daular, da kuma fara aiki a kan halittar da kansa locomotive.

Tuni a 1836 shi ne na farko ƙoƙari sa jirgin kasa a kan reluwe, duk da haka, sa'an nan maimakon a tururi locomotive ja da kekunan shanu daga wani jirgin kasa na dawakai harnessed. Bayan nasara da gwaje-gwaje a cikin 1837 aka kafa ta jirgin kasa St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo, wanda aka gudanar a kan wani musamman gina layin dogo a gare shi. Abin lura shi ne cewa engine ga motsi na jiragen kasa amfani kawai a karshen mako, da kuma a kan weekdays maimakon ɓangare na haihuwa-kera wagon ja da wani doki-kõma reluwe.

Yana da daraja ambata cewa na farko nasara zanga-zanga na Railway da damar da gudummawar da ci gaban da wannan kayayyakin more rayuwa a ko'ina cikin daular, kuma ta farkon da sabon karni a Rasha ya cikkaken cibiyar sadarwa na Railways.

Abin da iri jiragen kasa a CIS

Nau'in jiragen kasa sanya a kan daban-daban filaye. Don gane da abin da jirgin nasa ne wanda type, kana bukatar ka a fili sani ya gudu, tsawon, nauyi, kewayo, hanya da kuma irin kaya.

• Bisa ga gudun na jirgin kasa ne: mafi (fiye da 50 km / h) gudun (140 km / h), high gudun (200-250 km / h) da kuma hanzari (ba daidai gudun, amma shi motsa da sauri da sauri sauri, ba ya gudanar da fasinjoji) .
• By tsawon - yawanci ba tare da lakabi dlinnosostavnye, ta ƙara tsawon kuma shiga da dama jiragen kasa.
• By nauyi - superheavy kuma Ya ƙãra taro (6000 ton).
• A zangon - kewayen birni, distal (150 km), kai tsaye (bi ta fiye da biyu hanyoyi), na gida (a cikin wannan hanya da aka bi kasa da 700 km), looping, Hana Aikata Laifuka, (za daga daya tashar zuwa wani), teams ( isar da motoci zuwa daban-daban tashoshin).
• By irin kaya jiragen kasa ne fasinja, kaya (alamun kasuwanci), kaya, gruzobagazhnymi, akwatin gidan da kaya da kuma soja.
• By tsari: bazara, daya-lokaci, shekara-zagaye.

"Train" da sharuddan "tashar": abin da yake da dangantaka da take tsakanin su?

Idan akai la'akari da taken jiragen kasa, ba zai iya tunani na irin wannan abu a matsayin "tashar". Ko da yake akwai bas tashoshin, kogin, teku, iska (filayen jiragen sama), mafi sau da yawa a zukatan jama'a da wannan ra'ayi shi ne kakkarfan dangankata da railway. Gaskiyar cewa tafiya ta jirgin kasa zuwa wannan rana ya kasance mafi arha, kuma mafi m ga mutane a kusan kowace kasa inda akwai wani reluwe.

Tashar ne a hadaddun na daya ko fiye gine-gine, gina zuwa sabis fasinjoji da kaya kasawa. Suna sanya shi a cikin m maki wadannan kai (a cikin hali na Railway - a mafi manyan garuruwa).

By hadisin, da tashoshin iya ba kawai zauna ko samun wani sufuri, amma kuma ya gano jirgin jadawalai, saya tikiti a akwatin ofishin, ku bar kaya a cikin ajiya dakin, je zuwa bayan gida, ko kuma cin abinci a wani gida cafe. Har ila yau, da yawa gidajen suna sanye take da lounges, hutu dakuna (ko hotel), inda kowane fasinja iya jira your jirgin kasa ko shakata da freshen sama.