Triac: aiki manufa, aikace-aikace, na'urar kuma management

Daga cikin labarin, za ku koyi abin da triac, da manufa na aiki da wannan na'urar, kazalika da siffofin da aikace-aikace. Amma da farko, yana da daraja ambata cewa triac - shi ne kamar cewa daga cikin thyristor (kawai daidaita). Saboda haka, ba zai iya yi ba tare da a cikin wata kasida da ya bayyana da manufa na aiki na thyristors da su fasali. Ba tare da sanin kayan yau da kullum za ta yi aiki ba to zana da kuma gina ma wani sauki iko makirci.

thyristors

A thyristor ne a sauya sheka semiconductor na'ura, wanda zai iya wuce a halin yanzu a daya shugabanci kawai. An sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin bawul da kuma zana kiyasi tsakanin shi da tuƙi diode. A thyristor yana da uku tashoshi, daya - mai iko lantarki. Wannan, a saka shi wajen, da button ta wajen wanda sharuddan sauyawa kashi a cikin kade-kade yanayin. A labarin da za a yi la'akari musamman idan akwai wani mai thyristor - triac - da yi da kuma aiki na da daban-daban haihuwarka.

Thyristor - shi ne mai rectifier canji da kuma ko da wani siginar amfilifa. Sau da yawa aka yi amfani da matsayin iko (amma kawai a cikin yanayin lokacin da dukan wayoyi an ciyar daga wani AC ƙarfin lantarki source). All thyristors wasu siffofin da bukatar magana a more daki-daki.

Properties thyristors

Daga cikin dubun na halaye na semiconductor kashi iya tantance mafi muhimmanci:

1. Thyristors kamar diodes, iya gudanar da lantarki a daya shugabanci kawai. A wannan yanayin, da suka yi aiki a kewaye a matsayin wani rectifier diode.
2. Daga cikin KASHE ga ON jihar na thyristor iya fassara da ake ji a siginar zuwa ga kula da lantarki da wani takamaiman tsari. Saboda haka ƙarshe - da thyristor sauya kamar akwai jihohin biyu (barga biyu). A wannan hanya da kuma iya aiki da triac. Ka'idar aiki da lantarki key irin dangane shi ne quite sauki. Amma domin ya yi sama da asali bude jihar, shi ne cewa wajibi ne wasu yanayi da ake sadu.
3. A halin yanzu iko sigina, abin da ake bukata domin crystal miƙa mulki na thyristor daga kulle yanayin da bude, yanzu kasa da aiki (a zahiri auna a milliamperes). Wannan yana nufin cewa thyristor yana da kaddarorin na yanzu amfilifa.
4. Yana yiwuwa a tara daidaita da talakawan halin yanzu gudãna ta hanyar wata alaka kaya, bayar da cewa load an haɗa a jerin tare da wani thyristor. Daidaito na gyara dogara ko tsawon na kula da lantarki sigina. A wannan yanayin, da thyristor abubuwa a matsayin ikon kayyadewa.

A thyristor da tsarinta

Thyristor - shi ne mai semiconductor kashi cewa yana da wani iko aiki. A crystal kunshi hudu yadudduka p kuma n iri wadda m. A wannan hanyar gina da kuma triac. Manufa na aiki, aikace-aikace, tsarin da rabi da kuma gazawar da amfani suna dauke a cikin daki-daki, a cikin labarin.

Aka bayyana tsarin ana kuma kiransa a hudu. P-baki yanki tsarin da alaka cikinta da kyau polarity m na da ikon source, da ake kira anode. Sanadiyar haka ne, na biyu yankin na n (ma matsananci) - shi ne cathode. Don shi ne amfani da wani mummunan wutar lantarki irin ƙarfin lantarki.

Abin da kaddarorin na thyristor

Idan cikakken bincike na thyristor tsarin, yana yiwuwa a sami a shi da uku mika mulki (electron-rami). Saboda haka, kwatankwacin kewaye za a iya kafa a kan semiconductor transistors (iyakacin duniya, bipolar, filin) da kuma diodes, wanda damar fahimtar da hali na thyristor lokacin da ikon kula da lantarki.

A cikin akwati inda anode ne m dangi da cathode, da diode aka rufe kuma inganta thyristor kuma behaves kamar wancan. A cikin hali na canza polarity na biyu diodes son zuciya thyristor ne ma kulle. Hakazalika, Triac da kuma ayyuka.

The aiki manufa na yatsunsu, ba shakka, to bayyana ne ba mai sauqi ba, amma za mu yi kokarin yi shi a kan.

Ta yaya kwance allon thyristor

kana bukatar ka kula da m kewaye domin fahimtar da manufa na aiki na thyristor. Yana iya hada biyu transistors (transistors). Ga kan shi da kuma shi ne dace a yi la'akari da aiwatar da thyristor da harbe-harben. Yana buga wasu halin yanzu wanda gudana ta hanyar da thyristor iko lantarki. Lokacin da wannan halin yanzu an biya diyya gaba shugabanci. Wannan halin yanzu an dauki wani asali tsarin domin transistor na p-n-p.

Saboda haka, tara halin yanzu shi zai zama mafi a cikin lokaci (dole iko halin yanzu darajar halitta da riba na transistor). Bugu da ari, shi za a iya gani cewa, darajar yanzu tushe na biyu transistor da madugu tsarin p-n-p, kuma shi ne bude. Kamar wancan ne da tara halin yanzu na biyu transistor ne daidaita da samfurin na samu na biyu transistors da farko saiti iko yanzu. Triacs (manufa na aiki da kuma management suna dauke a cikin labarin) da irin kaddarorin.

Bugu da ari, wannan halin yanzu dole ne a taƙaice tare da baya saka yanzu iko kewaye. Kuma samu daidai da darajar da cewa kana so ka ci gaba da farko transistor a bude jihar. A wannan yanayin, a lokacin da iko halin yanzu shi ne manya-manyan, biyu transistors lokaci guda cikakken. Ciki OS ya ci gaba da kula da watsin koda lokacin da farko na yanzu vanishes a kula da lantarki. A lokaci guda a cikin anode na thyristor aka gano fairly high halin yanzu darajar.

Yadda za a kashe thyristor

A miƙa mulki ga kulle jihar na thyristor ne zai yiwu a yanayin zuwa bude cell lantarki iko ba amfani sigina. Lokacin da wannan halin yanzu saukad da wani girma, kira hypostatically halin yanzu (ko yanzu kurkuku).

A thyristor aka kashe kuma a cikin akwati idan akwai cire hašin a load kewaye. Ko a lokacin da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki ne amfani da kewaye (external) ta sauya polarity. Wannan na faruwa a karshen kowane rabin sake zagayowar lokacin da kewaye powered daga wani AC Madogararsa.

Lokacin aiki thyristor kewaye DC, kulle iya yinsu ta hanyar mai sauki canji ko wani inji irin mashiga. Yana ta haɗu da kaya a jerin da ake amfani da su dokar ta-Karfafa da kewaye. Kuma irin wannan aiki manufa na da ikon kayyadewa kan triac, duk da haka, akwai wasu siffofin da kewaye.

Hanyoyi kashe thyristors

Duk da haka, da canji za a iya haɗa a layi daya, sa'an nan kuma amfani da shi a kewaye da anode halin yanzu ya auku, da kuma thyristor da aka canjawa wuri zuwa kulle jihar. Wasu iri thyristors za a iya kunna sake, idan ka bude canza lambobin sadarwa. Wannan za a iya bayyana ta da cewa a lokacin da bude daga cikin lambobin sadarwa parasitic maha? Ar capacitance thyristor tara cajin, game da shi, samar da tsangwama.

Saboda haka, yana da kyawawa don a jefa cikin canza haka da cewa shi ne tsakanin cathode da kuma kula da lantarki. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa thyristor aka kashe kullum, da kuma rike halin yanzu za a yanke. Wani lokaci domin saukaka, kuma ingantattun yi da kuma AMINCI da ake amfani maimakon wani inji karin thyristor key. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa aikin da triac ne sosai kama da aiki na SCRs.

triacs

Kuma yanzu kusa da batun na labarin - kamata a yi la'akari musamman idan akwai Thyristor - Triac. Ka'idar aiki ne kama da cewa an dauke shi a baya. Amma akwai wasu bambance-bambance da kuma halayyar fasali. Saboda haka wajibi ne a yi magana game da shi a more daki-daki. A triac ne a na'urar a gindi daga abin da yake a semiconductor crystal. An sau da yawa amfani da tsarin da cewa aiki a kan alternating halin yanzu.

A sauki definition da wannan na'urar - da canji, amma hõrarriya. A kulle jihar, yana aiki daidai da wannan a matsayin bude canji. Lokacin da sigina ne amfani da iko lantarki na triac na'urar auku a miƙa mulki ga bude jihar (madugu yanayin). Lokacin aiki a wannan yanayin, za ka iya zana wani layi daya da canji, wanda lambobi suna rufe.

Lokacin da sigina ne ba ya nan a kula da kewaye, a wani daga cikin rabin lokaci (aiki a AC haihuwarka) akwai wani mika mulki daga Open yanayin triac a cikin gida. Triacs suna yadu amfani da gudun ba da sanda yanayin (msl, a kayayyaki photosensitive sauya ko thermostats). Amma da suka sukan yi amfani da a kula da tsarin da cewa aiki a kan ka'idojin lokaci iko irin ƙarfin lantarki a load (gwamnoni ne m).

A tsarin da kuma aiki da triac

Triac - shi ne kome kamar tsakaitã thyristor. Saboda haka, dangane da sunan, ba za mu iya gama - shi ne mai sauki domin maye gurbin biyu thyristors, wanda suke kunshe a anti-layi daya. A wani shugabanci shi ne iya wucewa a halin yanzu. A triac yana da uku main fitarwa - iko, don samar da sakonni da kuma asali (anode, cathode), saboda haka ya na iya wuce aiki igiyoyin.

Triac (da manufa na aiki domin "dummies" cewa semiconductor kashi bayar to your da hankali), aka buɗe lokacin da iko fil ne m ake bukata yanzu darajar. Ko a cikin yanayin a lokacin da biyu sauran wayoyin na m bambanci fi iyaka darajar.

A mafi yawan lokuta, da suka wuce haddi ƙarfin lantarki Yanã shigar da triac cewa an jawo spontaneously lokacin da matsakaicin mawadãta daga cikin wadata da irin ƙarfin lantarki. A miƙa mulki ga kulle jihar auku a cikin hali na canza polarity na aiki na yanzu, ko rage wani matakin ƙananan fiye da gudanar halin yanzu.

Yadda buše triac

Lokacin da powered daga mains AC ne wani canji na aiki halaye da canza polarity a irin ƙarfin lantarki a aiki da wayoyin. A saboda wannan dalili, dangane da ko da polarity na yanzu a iko, za ka iya zaɓar 4-daban na wannan hanya.

Ya ɗauka tsakanin aiki da wayoyin da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki yana amfani. A lura da lantarki ƙarfin lantarki na ãyã daura da cewa amfani da anode kewaye. A wannan yanayin, da motsi quadrant triac - aiki manufa, kamar yadda za a iya gani, shi ne quite sauki.

Akwai 4 quadrants, kuma kowane daga cikinsu da aka kaddara na yanzu saki, riƙewa, hada. Trigger halin yanzu dole ne a kiyaye, har irin wannan lokaci dai ba zai wuce sau da yawa (2-3) shi ne tamanin da gudanar halin yanzu. Cewa wannan shi ne halin yanzu na triac harbe-harben - da ƙaramar da ake bukata yanzu release. Idan muka rabu na kula da da'ira halin yanzu, da triac zai kasance a cikin conductive jihar. Haka kuma, a cikin wannan yanayin shi zai gudu har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda dai na yanzu a cikin anode kewaye shi ne mafi halin yanzu kurkuku.

Abin da hani an hõre lokacin amfani Triac

Yana da wuya a yi amfani da lokacin da kaya ne inductive. A kudi na ƙarfin lantarki canji da kuma na yanzu yana da iyaka. Lokacin da triac sauya daga kulle yanayin bude, akwai wani gagarumin halin yanzu a cikin waje kewaye. Awon karfin wuta ba ya sauke nan take zuwa da ikon tashoshi na triac. A ikon zai nan take girma, kuma ya kai quite high dabi'u. A makamashi da cewa an dissipated, saboda da kananan sarari ƙwarai qara yawan zafin jiki na semiconductor.

A hali na wucewa da m darajar ne halakar da crystal, saboda ɓarna, m Yunƙurin halin yanzu. Idan wani triac, wanda shi ne a cikin wani kulle yanayin, exert wani tashin hankali da kuma yankan shi zuwa kara, za a yi wata tashar bude (in babu wani iko kewaye da siginar). Wannan sabon abu za a iya lura saboda gaskiyar cewa cajin jari na faruwa a ciki da parasitic capacitance na semiconductor. Bugu da ƙari, cikin cajin halin yanzu yana da darajar isa zuwa buše triac.