Trombone, m kayan aiki: a photo, bayanin da

Kamar sauran Symphony Orchestra kida, trombone - wani m kayan aiki da musamman sauti da kuma ban sha'awa tarihi. Shi ne mai cikakken memba na Symphony Orchestra da jazz makada, amma irin wannan m nufi ba ko da yaushe - shi aka riga da ƙarni kunkuntar aikace-aikace da kuma fasaha inganta.

asalin

Fassara daga Italiyanci da kuma Faransa «trombone» - babban tube ko wani babban bututu. Sunan "trombone" fara da za a yi amfani da Renaissance a cikin XV karni. Su wakiltar tagulla da al'amuran, wanda ba ka damar sa kayan sauti mafi low kuma m.

The riga na m kayan aiki da trombone a cikin nassoshi da Renaissance da Baroque ya sakbut. Dukansu sharuddan sun dade da aka yi amfani da matsayin ma'ana, amma gyarawa da kuma fifici duk da wasu bayan da XVII karni, da kalmar "trombone".

Timbre da kuma bayanin

Ta yaya trombone? Musical kayan aiki, wani bayanin wanda za a iya samu riga a cikin XV karni, shi ya canza, tun wannan lokacin ne ba sosai. Yana da wani biyu lankwasa bututu da wani m mataki. End shi shiga cikin mazugi. tube tsawon - mita uku, diamita - 1.5 cm. wajibi ga duk wind a Kakaki - da trombone shi ne babba, da wani taso tasa.

A cikin photo m kayan aiki trombone tsaye a waje. Ba kamar sauran tagulla kida, da trombone mafi fasaha, damar domin m miƙa mulki daga rubutu a lura, yin chromatic da glissando.

Rarrabe soprano, Alto, mawaki, bass, contrabass iri-iri na kayan aikin. Da aka fi amfani mawaki trombone.

Kayan aiki Range - G (gishiri) kontroktavy zuwa F (F) na biyu octave.

Muryarsa - low, m da tsawo, daban-daban-kara high da kuma Ƙaramin baki. A saman ne m, kuma mai haske timbre, a kasa - da ciki da kuma menacing. Saboda ta timbral halaye na trombone zama m kayan aiki, wani amintacce solos kuma dukan ayyukansu.

Ginshikai na sauti samarwa

Bright, nã kiran sauti na trombone da fasaha damar saboda da tsarin. Ba kamar sauran tagulla, trombone yana da wani a haɗa mahada - wani elongated U-dimbin yawa yanki da cewa wani bangare ne na wani m kayan aiki. Trombone ta hanyar da ta samu ƙarin fasaha damar - kara habaka sauti zangon sa shi sauki slide daga rubutu a lura (glissando).

Hasken Rana fourths da fifths ta yin amfani da kvartventilya da kvintventilya wannan zai yiwu siffofin su nan a tarihi trombone.

Kamar yadda da wasu tagulla kida, bebe (muting) za a iya amfani da wasan kwaikwayon na trombone.

Littafi Mai Tsarki amo mara sa a

Ambaton manyan bututu ne sosai bambancin da ake samu a zamanin d texts. Karaya trump tare da gagarumin events kuma aka buga mala'iku da manyan mala'iku. Masu bincike Littafi Mai Tsarki texts da kuma music na cewa lokaci ya yi ĩmãni da cewa wannan kayan aiki - hatsotsra - wani tsoho iska, vaguely reminiscent na zamani ƙaho, trombone, amma yana da wani fuka-fuki. Duk da haka, shi ne sauti na trombone a da yawa ayyuka ne muryar Allah, farkon ¡iyãma sigina.

tarihi antecedents

Documentary nassoshi rocker m kayan aiki samu riga a tsufa. Isidor da Virgil nuna musamman zamiya tube (Tuba ductills), cikinsa da sauti dabam dangane da matsayin da m part. Haka kuma an san cewa a lokacin da tono na Roman Pompeii a cikin XVIII karni, biyu trombones, amma burbushi na wadannan binciken ne mafi kamar wani labari fiye da wani fait accompli da aka samu.

Mai bincike yi imani da cewa tsoho trombones ba almarar ba, amma game da su bayyanar da sauti iya kawai tsammani.

A farko na aikin ambaci trombone da kuma hotunan da lãbãri ga XV karni. A wannan lokaci babu wani tsari guda da kayan aiki sunan: sakbut (. Fr «sacquer» - ja da «bouter» - tura), posaunen (. Eng), Tuba ductili (. Italiya) da aka ambata tare da trombone. su ne duka daidai ila za a samu a cikin daban-daban kafofin. Popularity trombone a cikin XV karni, shi ne babban isa - shi ne a yi amfani da coci da sabis zama wani ɓangare na wadanda mutane was da solo kayan aiki. Yana da aka yarda su tambaya a kan kauri ƙungiyoyin bikin da kuma a fagen yaƙi.

Bunqasar a cikin m al'ada

A haifuwa daga cikin m kayan aiki da trombone aka dauke su Jamus ko Italiya. Ga rayu farko Masters, ƙera azurfa trombones ga sarauta kotu.

A XVII-XVIII ƙarni. trombone suka hade da music of baya. Zama gungu da solo kayan aiki, sai ya tsaya shi kadai kuma ba a kunshe a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa qagaggun. Wannan bai hana da yawa composers don ƙirƙirar ayyuka ga kayan aiki.

A mafi yawan lokuta, babban aikace-aikace na trombone murya ya coci music ya Kwafa tare ko singing muryoyin amfani da wannan high Register.

Gargajiya Symphony Orchestra, halitta a cikin XVIII karni ta J. Haydn, bai hada da trombone. A fili, wannan kayan aiki da aka ji ya zama ma tsohon-kera da kuma ido-kamawa a cikin masu jituwa sauti tutti. Bugu da kari, lokacin da yake ba cikakke ya fasaha inganta.

A musamman yanayi trombone, Duk da haka, a yi amfani da wani music wasan kwaikwayo. Its sauti ya sami ban mamaki ya dafa a cikin operas daga Gluck, kuma V. A. Motsart ba shi da wani ban tausayi da kuma mummunan rawa a cikin wasan opera "Don Giovanni" da "Requiem".

Trombone a cikin Symphony Orchestra

Gabatarwa trombone matsayin m kayan aiki a wani Symphony Orchestra da aka sani kawai a nuna na XVIII-XIX ƙarni. daga L. V. Bethovena. Berlioz farko wakkala shi da wani cikakken solo kashi a symphonic music, ake sanya shi a matsayin mai daraja da kuma manya sautin. A cikin zamani na ƙungiyar makaɗa da ake amfani, yawanci biyu ko uku trombones (biyu mawaki da bass). Orchestras Wagner, P. I. Chaykovskogo, Mahler, Brahms yiwuwa ba tare da sonorous sautin trombone da kuma soja, inda ya murya ake dangantawa da m da menacing sojojin.

A symphonic music P. I. Chaykovskogo sauti trombone alama ce hotunan na Rock, Providence. A Wagner trombone, tare da sauran tagulla alama ce ta ikon da unassailable karfi, Rock images. Babban R. Wagner amfani da su bayyana soyayya lyrics ( "Tristan da Isolde"). Wannan sabon abu na ginin jumla hanya da aka ci gaba a cikin music karni na ashirin da.

Tare da karin riba a cikin trombone a cikin XIX karni, kusan dakatar da aka yi amfani da glissando, wanda an amfani kawai da litattafansu na karni na ashirin - A. Schoenberg da Glazunov.

Trombone a jazz

Jazz trombone - wani sabon rawar da wani m kayan aiki. Yana fara da Dixieland zamanin - daya daga cikin na farko ƙungiyoyi na jazz music. A nan, da kayan aiki a karon farko gane a matsayin solo improvising, samar da countermelody da kuma basira ta doke ta. Mafi shahara jazz trombonists - Glen Miller, Tarihin mole, Edward Kid Ory, halitta nasu style of play. Daya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin - accented hade da mutum bayanin kula da halayyar glissando trombone. Ya Halicci musamman sauti na Dixieland 20s. Karni na ashirin. Godiya ga wani jazz trombonist, jazz style hade da iska kida.

Trombone sauti da kuma Latin American music - shi aka ciyar da kewayawa yankuna jazz was, wanda ya trombone solo kayan aiki.

Modern yiwuwa na m trombone - yin gargajiya music ga sauti na jazz, dutse, da kuma sauran styles da kwatance. A amfani da wannan kayan aiki ne mafi zama m da kuma ban sha'awa, da wuri trombonist a wani ƙungiyar makaɗa ko gungu - duk da mafi fice.