Tsoho gine. Shebur a cikin gine-gine na zamanin d Rasha

Da yake jawabi game da tarihin duniya gine-gine, ba za mu iya watsi da aikin Greek artists, wanda na ƙarni aiki a matsayin wani wahayi zuwa daga baya marubuta. A model na zamanin d gine suna dauke da Ibada na zamanin d Girka a kan dama.

The gine na zamanin d Girka: masomin

A tsarin da waɗanda sau duba quite sauki. Wadannan sun daya-labarin tsarin bayyananne rectangular siffar. Tsammanin ƙofar facade aka yi wa ado da wani ɗan ɗakin. Yawanci ginshikan shirya a jere wanda da nisa daidaita da girma na facade.

Gine-gine da cewa yana da wani colonnade a garesu da kuma wani lebur leji ganuwar, ta zamani, gine-ginen ake magana a kai amphiprostyle. Fassara daga Girkanci prefix "amphi" na nufin "biyu-hanya".

Tsufa: periptera, diptery da psevdodiptery

Idan muka juya wannan zamanin na cikin tsaoho da kuma na gargajiya Greek, tomozhno lura da cewa babban irin gine-gine na zamanin d gine-ginen da aka peripter. Wannan makaman ma ya mallaka a rectangular siffar, amma a jere ginshikan aka belted ba daya ko a garesu, kuma duk hudu. Daga baya wannan dabara sun soma duniya ta manyan gine-ginen.

Me zai faru idan ba ka kewaye peripter-jere colonnade, da kuma biyu-jere? Za dipter! A rectangular ginin, tare da dukan jam'iyyun wanda yana jeri biyu na ginshikan. Ko da more ban sha'awa abubuwa tare psevdodipterom.

Saboda haka, idan ka ginawa dipter, amma maimakon biyu layuka ginshikan kwantar da shi don kafa daya kawai, shi nufin wani hali psevdodipter.

Down tare da stereotypes! monopteros

Mun sanya rectangular siffar? Rabu da su! Wannan abin da tsoho Greek gine-ginen, da samar da wani tsarin da zagaye siffar da kuma kira shi monopteros.

Bayan ta sosai sabon abu siffofi, amfani ne da wata hanya da na'ura na rufin. Yana ginu ba a kan garun ginin da kuma a kan ginshikan da cewa mika tare da dukan karkara.

Ya kamata a maye gurbin lebur rufin, vaguely kama wani bambaro hat K'abilan Biyetnam, a kan puffy Dome - kamar rotunda a gaban ka riga.

The gine na zamanin d Rasha

A hankula wakilin Kirista gine ne da Kirista coci, wanda zane da aka kammala cikin Dome, shugaba tare da giciye. A misali, gine-gine da makarantu, dalibai koyi abin da kaya da aka aiwatar da wani ruwa gine. Baya daga gare shi, koyi dukan portals da apse. Har ila yau, ganguna, wanda zai iya zama ko dai makafi ko haske, zakomary, apse, apple, shirayin, da tantuna da kararrawa.

Orthodox majami'u

Mene ne drum? Wannan bai zama ba fãce tushe daga cikin Dome, wanda yana da cylindrical ko polyhedral siffar. Akwai ganguna a cikin gine-gine da aka gina a lokacin XVI-XVII ƙarni. A haske drum ake slotted windows, kuma ba su da kurãme.

A vane a cikin gine ne a planar tsinkaya na mike tsiri da ciwon da a tsaye shugabanci. Yana iya zama wani aikin kashi na ginin, da kuma iya yi kawai a na ado rawa. Mafi sau da yawa shi hidima a matsayin hanyar for partitioning da sauran gungu facade Orthodox coci ko coci.

Ado abubuwa haikali gine

Sauran ado abubuwa - pilasters. Saukake gauraye da wani shebur. Sun kuma yi kama da wani a tsaye tsinkaya wadda kara zuwa ƙasa tare da garun ginin. Duk da haka, shi yana da yawan da bambance-bambance. Da fari dai, pilasters maimaita ado ganga. Na biyu, suna da m shanyewar jiki da babban birnin kasar. Amma da ruwa gine da aka gabatar dabam. Its bayyanar shi ne yawa sauki kuma mafi dunkule.

A rata da ya raba daya daga wasu pilaster, da ake kira da shinge. Shinge wakilta ba kawai a cikin coci gine na Orthodox Rasha, amma kuma a cikin siffar wani sansanin soja. A karshen harka suka rabu daya daga wani sansanin soja da hasumiya, a gaskiya da kasancewa wani cikakken fledged kashi na bango. A hankula ruwa a cikin gine na Orthodox duniya daga sauran abubuwa da haikalin da kuma raba shinge.

A bisa ga al'ada a babban amfani ne daban-daban arches. Bugu da kari ga misali zagaye-dimbin yawa takware, a gine akwai kuma abin da ake kira masu rarrafe arches.

Goyon bayan da daban-daban Heights. Mafi yawan waɗannan arches aka yi amfani ga gudãnar da wurare da kuma Tunnels karkashin staircases da kuma matakai.

Mafi na kowa ado gine-gine da abubuwa - architraves, cornices, friezes. Duk wadannan abubuwa da entablature.

Su wane ne machicolations?

Mutane da yawa gine-gine da sharuddan samu a cikin bayyanai na Orthodox majami'u da kuma gine-gine Rasha, cike da waje sunayen. Alal misali, machicolations. Domin irin wannan sabon abu da sunan boyewa cikin saba loopholes - kunkuntar takware a cikin ganuwar da sansanin soja.

More sau da yawa fiye da ba su ne a kan saman bene na katangu. Daga baya, da ciwon bata da asali matsayi da kuma soja manufar, sun kasance iya kula da kawai na ado bangaren. Yau mashikuli - kawai ban dariya ado na facades da kuma fences.

Dace shafi - gine-gine da abubuwa na rectangular ginin. Abun da ke ciki an saita m sassaka aka gyara. A mafi shahararsa dadin lokacin Uzoroche, kazalika da a baya lokaci na zamanin d gine. Sidawuk ne convex brickwork, wanda aka shirya a wani kwana.

Rum motifs

Wasu haikalin da sosai sabon abu siffar. wani iri-iri na jingina amfani da su gungu. Kada ka yi mamaki, props - shi ne ma mai zaman kanta gine-gine da sharuddan, wanda yana nufin wani iri-iri na zabin katangu. Daya daga cikinsu - da buttress, wanda shi ne alhakin da zane na waje ganuwar da gine-gine fiye da] orewar, massiveness da solidity.

Ƙawata ganuwar da harsashi na Orthodox majami'u. Mafi sau da yawa, duk tare da suke nau'i guda juna, da abubuwa na wanda da karfi da salo da kuma suna hade da bawo na mollusks. A Rasha, Shell gaba da kokoshniki. Su bayyanar a Rasha gine nufin da tsawon Naryshkin Baroque.

litattafansu na Genre

Kerub - classic ado style coci gine-gine. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne fuska da jariri. Sai ya faru duka biyu da feathered fuka-fuki, kuma ba tare da su. Kerubobi ado da gine-gine dating daga Baroque lokaci. A sosai sabon abu da kuma sabo ne look kubyshchatye shafi. A gaskiya shi ne saba tana goyan bayan, wanda a hankali yana faɗaɗa a tsakiyar rabo daga gare shi, sa'an nan a sake tafi a kan takaita.

Kammala da nazari na Haikalin gine na biyu epochs, shi da daraja ambata ne don haka rare a Rasha beguntsy. Su triangular a siffar da kuma dage farawa daga daga wani tubali.