Tundra: gona da kuma sauyin yanayi. Feature-tundra zone

Rasha ƙasa ke dauke da mafi tsakanin dukkan jihohin duniya tamu. Yana lullube daga gabas zuwa yamma da kusan dubu goma kilomita. Kuma daga arewa zuwa kudu ta matsakaicin tsawon shi ne fiye da hudu kilomita dubu.
A babban tsawon na kasar na samar da wani iri-iri yanayin zones a jihar. A arewacin latitudes, sanyi fara ta ƙasar Arctic hamada. A kudancin yankunan kasar suna located in zafi da kuma yankunan m, Semi-Hamada.

Rasha ta halitta yankunan

Wadannan halitta zones suke da daraja a kan ƙasa na Rasha:

• Arctic Hamada.
• tundra zone.
• -tundra zone.
• taiga.
• gauraye da deciduous gandun daji .
• steppe.
• steppe.
• bari zone.
• subtropical zone.

Arctic auyãwã ne bakararre da kuma sanyi ƙasa. Su ƙuƙuntacce permafrost da glaciers rufe.

tundra zone rufe game da 10% na kasar. Wannan yankin ne sosai matalauta a gina jiki da kuma humus. A zurfin ashirin santimita akwai permafrost. Ciyayi ne kiyaye kawai mosses da lichens.

Tundra aka located a iyakar tsakanin tundra da taiga band daga 20 zuwa kilomita 200. Shi ne a cikin wannan yanki ya kasance sparse ciyayi da itatuwa. Su ne quite rauni, kuma suna da wani kananan size. Dalilin wannan shi ne har yanzu quite mai kauri sauyin yanayi da kuma matalauta ƙasa.

taiga zone aka located a wani yankin da dumi sauyin yanayi. Waɗannan ƙasashe rufe mafi yawan yankin na Rasha, game da 60% na jimlar yankin. A da karkararta akwai m fir da spruce gandun daji, kazalika da kananan adadin Pine gandun daji.

A wasu zone dake kudu ta fi tati Layer da dumi sauyin yanayi arziki ciyayi. Nan, jama'a da dama na Dwarf da tsayi shrubs, itatuwa da ciyawa. An togiya ne Semi-hamada yankin, inda nan tsirin ne quite matalauta saboda low ruwan sama.

Tundra: gona da kuma sauyin yanayi

A farko manifestations na aiki shuka aiki lura a cikin gandun daji-tundra zone. Haka ne, shi ne wani yanki tare da wani fairly matsananci sauyin yanayi da kuma talakawa haihuwa. A raba tambaya - abin da irin gona a cikin gandun daji. Wannan ne m da yanayin damina da yankin. A kasar gona daga cikin tundra da gandun daji tundra ne sosai matalauta. A zurfin fiye da ashirin santimita ne glei ƙasa Layer. A ci gaba da shuka tushen tsarin a zurfin fiye da ashirin santimita yiwu. Dalilin wannan shi ne rashin gina jiki da kuma permafrost a cikin wannan Layer.

Rasha tundra wasu masu bincike a baya lasafta subzone tundra ko taiga. Amma a lokacin da wannan yanki ne alama a raba yankin. Akwai wani da na kowa sunan - tundra. A kasar gona daga cikin yankin da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar tsanani subarctic sauyin yanayi.

A lokacin bazara watanni da yawan zafin jiki ya kai ta matsakaicin a watan Yuli zuwa 10-14 digiri Celsius. A cikin watanni hunturu, dangane da wuri a nahiyar, za a iya sauke zuwa debe arba'in digiri Celsius.

Scotland gona da permafrost

Duk da low da ruwan sama na game da 350 millimeters, moistened Rasha tundra. Wannan shi ne saboda da korau rabo tsakanin shigarwa da kuma danshi evaporation. Daga goma zuwa sittin bisa dari na jimlar yankin da aka rufe da tabkuna da kuma swamps. Wadannan yanayi ne halin da tundra. Gona, saboda matsanancin moistening da kuma tafin kafa gaban permafrost saboda low yanayin zafi, Forms Layer m isasshe m (lokacin samuwar daya santimita topsoil fiye da shekara ɗari).

Idan muka yi la'akari da iri kasa (tebur nuna a kasa) na Rasha da kuma kwatanta mataki na haihuwa, ya zama m matakin na fitness ga namo wasu wuraren. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa wasu yanayin damina da damar da jari kudi na halitta ƙasa haihuwa. Chernozemnaya (a kwatanta da yankin a matsayin tundra) gona da sauri qara topsoil, game da 1 santimita da shekara ɗari. Wannan adadi ne 5-10 fiye da sau a cikin gandun daji zone.

ciyayi

A gaban ciyayi ne m da sauyin yanayi da kuma gona yanayi na zone. Bi da bi, wannan shi ne kayyade factor ga dabbobin duniya. Shrub tundra da Woodlands bambanta dangane da tsarin karba-karba. A yammacin ɓangare na girma Dwarf Birch kuma Willow subpolar. Girma a matsayin baki da fari spruce. A cikin Kola Larabawa da aka girma warty Birch. A yammacin Siberia - fir da Siberian larch.

Tasiri na ruwa a kan sauyin yanayi

Rivers, da kududdufai da buffer gandun daji-tundra tasiri a kan matsananci yanayin damina, don haka da kogin kwari da ciyayi ne fiye da na kowa. A wadannan wurare, "habaka" tundra. Gona kusa da koguna ne mafi m. Bugu da kari, da kwaruruka na gudãna kare ciyayi daga iskar tsakuwa.
gandun daji foci kafa na Birch, spruce kuma larch. Gona da iri (tebur gabatar a kasa) ne mafi bambancin da m kusa da kududdufai. Bishiyoyi mai tsanani tsumburai, wani lokacin nauyayi zuwa ga ƙasa. A yankunan tsakanin koguna za a iya samu tsumburai sparse gandun daji tare da daban-daban da wakilan lichens da kuma mosses.

A fauna ne bambancin gandun daji tundra.

yanayin kasa

A yanayin kasa a tundra zone aka wakilta daban-daban na lemmings, shrews, Foxes, partridges da reindeer. Tundra (gona da irin, kuma shi kayyade dace da ciyayi) ne ga daban-daban jinsunan barewa da kuma muhimmanci kiwo ƙasar. A manyan yawan migratory tsuntsaye, ciki har da waterfowl. Saboda haka, duk da yanayi mai wahala da, gandun daji-tundra Rasha arziki wakilan da dabba duniya. Wannan yankin na kasar ne na musamman da wuri. A halin yanzu, da gandun daji tundra kasar mu ga mafi part kiyaye su a cikin ta asali form. A dalilin wannan ne, a sake, matsananci yanayin damina.

Haduwar mutum habitation a cikin wannan yanki kayyade low alkari'u cikin ƙasa. Amma bari mu fatan cewa kayyade factor zai zama adana yanayi ba cikas ga ta hallaka, kuma da kerawa da kuma hikimar da al'ummar dan Adam.