Case endings na sunaye. Unstressed hali endings

Wani hali endings ne sunaye? Amsar wannan tambaya za a iya samu a cikin kayan bayar da labarin. Mu kuma gaya muku game da bambance-bambance tsakanin al'amarin endings na sunaye daban-daban karkatar, da kuma bayar da wasu misalai.

Overview

San yadda za a canza kalmomi a lokuta, yana da muhimmanci. Bayan kuskure harka endings kawo mai yawa matsaloli a lokacin da halittar ilimi rubutu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa zabi wani harafi a cikin suna dogara ne a kan wa abin da daidai suna karkatar. Af, wani kuskure a cikin rubutu da endings -e s ko faruwa ne kawai a wasu yanayin siffofin: dative, genitive da prepositional. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka suna shawarar tuna.

Mene ne karkatar? iri karkatar

Maras muhimmanci sassa na magana a Rasha harshen ne karkata daidai da irin siffa da gudunmawata da kuma wakilin suna. A cikin wannan labarin, ba mu da sha'awar kawai gudunmawata ƙi. An kasu kashi uku subtypes. Bari mu bincika su, a cikin mafi daki-daki:

1. 1st karkatar canji sunaye (mufuradi) daga cikin jimlar (crybaby), namiji (namiji) da kuma mace (uwar) iyali, wanda suke ƙarshen th ko -A a nominative hali.
2. The 2nd karkatar canji sunaye (mufuradi) ne namiji, da mai sifili ƙarewa (ƙusa gidan) ko da kawo karshen -E, -o (domische, kadan gidan) da kuma neuter kawo karshen tare da -E, -E da - o (da filin, da māshi, da taga) a cikin nominative hali.
3. A 3rd karkatar canji sunaye (mufuradi) ne na mata, ƙare da abin raini, ko mai taushi baƙi (misali, girman kai, da tunani, reshe). Idan wata kalma ne a karshen tsakinta baƙi, to, shi nasa ne da 3rd karkatar da ya kamata a alama taushi alamar (kamar wani linzamin kwamfuta, hatsin rai, kuka, da dai sauransu).

Case endings mufuradi sunaye

Don competently rubuta, misali, wata wasika, shi ne kyawawa sani duk yiwu endings na sunaye daban-daban declinations. Don yin wannan ƙi a lokuta da alaka da kalmomi.

Sunaye na 1st declension

1. Nominative (wanda?) - dads (a) a (a) Number (s), Yul (I).
2. Genitive hali (wanda daya?) - dads (s) a cikin (s) Number (s) Yul (s).
3. Dative (wanda kowa?) - dads (e) a cikin (e) Number (f), Yul (e).
4. Accusative hali (wanda daya?) - dads (y) a cikin (y) Number (w), Yul (w).
5. Instrumental (fiye da wanda?) - dads (oh), Willow (th) Number (s) Yul (s).
6. Prepositional (abin da game da wa?) - na popes (e), wani a cikin (e) Number of (e), a kan Yule (e).

Case endings na sunaye na 1st declension ne guda ga duk irin wannan kalmomi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, idan kana da matsaloli a lokacin da rubuce-rubuce, za ka iya amince dubi wannan tebur da kuma sanin ko daidai ƙarewa.

Sunaye na 2nd declension

1. Nominative (wanda?) - deer (_), kankana (_), jinsi (e), palates (a).
2. Genitive hali (wanda daya?) - Deer (I), kankana (a), da bene (s), palates (a).
3. Dative (wanda kowa?) - Deer (w), kankana (y), da bene (w), palates (y).
4. Accusative hali (wanda daya?) - Deer (I), kankana (_), jinsi (e), palates (a).
5. Instrumental (fiye da wanda?) - Deer (shi), kankana (OI), da bene (shi), palates (th).
6. Prepositional (wanda game da abin da?) - da stag (e) na kankana (e), da bene (e) na palates (e).

Sunaye na uku declension

1. Nominative (wanda?) - trot (_), wani linzamin kwamfuta (_).
2. Genitive hali (wanda daya?) - Rys (s), linzamin kwamfuta (da kuma).
3. Dative (wanda kowa?) - Rys (s), linzamin kwamfuta (da kuma).
4. Accusative hali (wanda daya?) - trot (_), wani linzamin kwamfuta (_).
5. Instrumental (fiye da wanda?) - trot (w), linzamin kwamfuta (w).
6. Prepositional (abin da game da wa?) - game Rys (s) daga cikin linzamin kwamfuta (da kuma).

Unstressed hali endings na sunaye

Domin ba su yin kuskure yayin da rubutu, malamai karfafa su dalibai don tuna ƙarshen uku declinations. Duk da haka, wannan ba da sauki kamar yadda alama da farko kallo. Shi ne musamman wuya a tuna da kalmomin da suke da unstressed hali endings. Amma a cikin wannan harka a Rasha harshen akwai wani raba mulki. Sallama da shi a yanzu.

Idan harka endings na sunaye ne a unstressed matsayi, su daidai kuskure ne m da nazarin kalmomi na wannan irin declension cewa ƙare a cikin irin wannan wasika tsaye domin girmamawa. Ga wani misali:

• gwiwa, filin, lake (a mutum, a window, wani kurfi).
• game da littafin (a hannunka).
• dawakai, bowls (kututture, alluna).
• matsara, gidan filin manne (wuka, a tebur baki, a window).
• lake, kujeru, da na dutse (windows, Tables, dungu).
• a kan lookout, game da wani malami a fagen dress (wuka, a kan doki, a cikin taga na wanki).
• songs, barorinsa, windows (malamai, birane, tekuna).

sunaye jam'i

Game da abin da irin yanayin endings ne mufuradi sunaye, za mu dubi sama. Amma wani lokacin yana daukan da hakkin ya ki karbar kuma kalmomi bayyana a cikin jam'i. Ya kamata a lura da cewa su harka endings ba ya dogara ne a kan abin da irin ƙi yana da farko nau'i na suna. Duk da haka, da suka iya bambanta muhimmanci daga matattun da kuma ba da rai abubuwa (ba ko da yaushe).

Matattun sunaye, a tsaye a cikin jam'i

1. Nominative (abin da?) - kujera (s), kankana (s).
2. Genitive (abin da?) - kujera (s), kankana (s).
3. Dative (abin da?) - kujera (s), kankana (s).
4. Accusative hali (abin da?) - kujera (s), kankana (s).
5. Instrumental (abin da?) - kujera (s), kankana (s).
6. Prepositional (abin da?) - a kan kujera (s), kankana (s).

Ba da rai sunaye, a tsaye a cikin jam'i

1. Nominative (wanda?) - Lan (s), lionesses (s).
2. Genitive (na wa?) - Lan (s), lionesses (_).
3. Dative (wanda?) - Lan (s), lionesses (s).
4. Accusative (wanda?) - Lan (s), lionesses (_).
5. Instrumental (da wanda?) - Lan (s), lionesses (s).
6. Prepositional (ga wanda?) - a kan lan (s), lionesses (s).

Heteroclite (sunaye)

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, sunaye da wasu irin akwati endings dangane da abin da na uku declinations suka ba da labari. Duk da haka, da Rasha nadiri da heteroclite. Wadannan sun hada da sunaye da cewa bayan da canje-canje da a lokuta daban-daban kawo karshen declinations.

Saboda haka, to heteroclite sunan goma kalmomi neuter suna nufin cewa karshen a -mya. Mun kira su domin:

• kaya;
• banner.
• kabila.
• lokaci.
• likkafa.
• nono.
• kambi.
• harshen wuta.
• sunan.
• iri.

Daga cikin abubuwan, shi yana nufin da heteroclite namiji "hanya". Don yadda ya kamata yaudari irin sunaye kamata ka sani cewa wani canji suna da wani kari na baya baki, waɗannan -en- ko (misali: banner - a banner, kambi - kambi, da sunan - sunayen da sauransu.).

ra'ayi

Sunaye da cewa ƙare a -iya (jerin, sojojin, Maria, line, da sauransu.) Shin musamman version of a karkatar. Saboda haka, a cikin siffofin prepositional, genitive da dative, suka yi ta kawo karshen -u. Ga wani misali:

• Genitive hali (wanda daya?) - jerin (kuma), da sojojin (kuma), Marie (s) line (s).
• Dative (wanda kowa?) - jerin (kuma), da sojojin (kuma), Marie (s) line (s).
• Prepositional (abin da game da wa?) - game da jerin (kuma), da sojojin (kuma), Maryam (kuma) a kan layi (s).

Ya kamata a lura da cewa data kalma ba da shawarar da za a rikita batun tare da sunaye ƙare a -ya (msl, Natalie, Maria, Sophia). Bayan duk, suna karkata daga kowa dokoki da suke a cikin siffofin da prepositional dative ƙarewa -E (Natalia, Maria, Sophia).

Af, sunayen nasu, da ake kira da ƙauyuka (Kashin, Borodino Kalinin), da ta musamman nau'i a cikin instrumental hali (a cikin mufuradi). Saboda haka, wadannan kalmomi karkata patterned sunaye 2nd karkatar da da hali kawo karshen th (Kalinin, Kashino, Borodino). Ba za mu iya ce cewa wadannan kalmomi ba zai rude da Rasha sunayen (Kashin, Borodin, Kalinin), wanda su ne instrumental hali yana ƙarewa na th (Kalinin, Kashin, Borodin).