Zero ƙarewa: misalai. Maganar wani null-kare

Matsayin mai mulkin, da tambaya da abin da yake a sifili ƙarewa, kiwata da yawa tambayoyi daga wadanda suka yi nazarin ka'idar da Rasha harshen, ko Rasha, ko waje dalibai. Matsalolin bayyana a farko wuri, a lokacin da shi wajibi ne don bambanta da kalmomi ba tare da inflection (ba tare da karshen) da kalmomi tare da sifilin inflection (null-kare).

Babban rarrabẽwa

A general, babban bayãnin hukuncin rarrabẽwa aka tsara kawai: kalmomi kawo karshen tare da sifili - wannan ya canza kalmomin, da kuma kalmomi ba tare da karshen - marar sakewa. Duk da haka, wannan halitta mai sauƙi ne kawai ga wadanda suka san da kyau abin da kalmomi ana canja, da kuma wanda ba. Cewa wannan shi ne "yaudara" na tambaya: kafin ka magance da cewa a sifili ƙarewa, kana bukatar ka fahimci abin da nahawu canji, kalmomi wadda sassa na jawabin canji, kuma abin da - ba, cewa shi ne karshen, da bambanci ga duk sauran sassa na kalmomi (morphemes).

Idan kalmomi ba su dace tare

Kawai yara wanda ya fara magana, kada ka yi kokarin daidaita da da kalmomi da juna. Ko da suka hikima ya kaucewa wannan larura, "bisa ƙirƙira" ana kalmomi cewa ba ka bukatar da na'urar, ko sa "ba daidai ba" cikin sharuddan adult jumla.

Alal misali, Rasha yaro zai iya ce, "uwa bai" ( "mamma ne barci"), "The inji bankwana bankwana" ( "The inji ya bar," "Machines ba," "The inji ya tafi"), "Kish kara" ( "Kish ragu" ). The kalmar "bai", "bankwana bankwana", "albarku" ba kawai ba da damar canza wani abu, amma bai bukatar shi. Za su iya daidai da kyau a hade tare da daban-daban na sunaye da kuma yawan "Santa bai", "Clippers bankwana bankwana", "Kotick kara." Offers da wadannan kalmomi ba su duba "ba daidai ba", kuma ana tsinkayarsu a matsayin "yaro".

A wasu lokuta, da yara ce "ba daidai ba", kuma wannan karkacewar tsari ne sosai ji da manya da shi a matsayin wani murdiya na balagaggun harshe. Yana iya zama sirri siffofin fi'ili, da yin amfani da ba daidai ba, "Clippers barci" ( "Cars barci") ko wani tushen fi'ili, da yin amfani maimakon sirri siffofin fi'ili, "Clippers barci" ( "Cars barci"), "Vova barci" ( "Vova barci" ).

Mutable da marar sakewa kalmomi a cikin jariri magana

Kamar yadda ka gani, a farko yanayin, da tsari ba riskarsa kamar ba daidai ba, saboda zaba fi'ili ba nufa ta karbuwa ga sauran kalmomi. Shi ne kamar a duniya fi'ili dace da duk guda form (kara, sai an jima bankwana, bai). Wannan canzawa kalmomi, a cikin abun da ke ciki akwai wani sashi cewa shi ne, canja, za a amintattun don daban-daban fi'ili suna.

A karo na biyu idan, irin wannan duniya daidai nau'i na fi'ili a can. Kowane lokaci a hade tare da sunaye daban-daban jinsi da kuma lambar, da fi'ilin dole ne ko ta yaya a canza don samun madaidaicin magana. A fi'ili, don samun wannan damar, domin shi ne karshen: juya hali, ya canjãwa nau'i na fi'ili.

Mutable da marar sakewa kalmomi na "adult" harshen

A general, a cikin "adult" harshen, duk abin da yake a game da wannan. Daya daga cikin kalmomi, da karshen yakan haifar da canji zuwa daidaita zuwa wasu kalmomi, yayin da sauran kashi, ba tare da kawo karshen, ba za a iya canza, kuma a hade tare da wasu kalmomi, ya zauna canzawa.

Alal misali, siffa "kyawawan" ne ƙarewa, wanda aka canza, ya musanya nau'i na magana, kyale shi zuwa bi siffar wani suna: "wani kyau yarinya", "cute giwa", "cute Relations", "kyawawan fuskoki", "nice mutane" da kuma t. d. Daga cikin wadannan kalmomi na iya zama wani null-kare. Misalai daga cikin mafi sauki a samu daga namiji sunaye mufuradi "gida", "lambu", da key ".

Amma da yar bab "nisa", a daya bangaren, ba nufa wani canje-canje da kuma kafa da magana tare da fi'ilai, ba ya canja, "yanzu bar", "yanzu-popped", "Ina gudu", "tafi," da dai sauransu ...

Karshen da kuma siffofin kalmomi

A cikin nau'i na kalmomi zuwa ce kawai a lokacin da ta iya canza shi, da cewa shi ne a lokacin da shi ne karshen. A cikin sunan siffa "kyawawan" daidai kamar yadda da yawa siffofin kamar yadda endings. Kuma da yar bab "nisa" babu karshen, babu siffofin.

Nau'i na magana, wanda dabam, yawanci kira kalma siffofin. Su ne duk wanda kuma wannan kalma an kira wani yayi inflection. Daidai ne kalmar, amma wakilci a duk richness na siffofin, wanda kowannensu yana da daban-daban daga juna nahawu ma'anar. Alal misali, kalmar tsari "cute" ne nahawu ma'anar: nominative, namiji, mufuradi. A kalmar tsari "cute" wadannan nahawu ma'anar: Instrumental, jam'i. Kalmomi da suke da wata sifili ƙarewa, a fili ne kalmar siffofin, tun wani ƙarshe, ciki har da sifili, ne aka yi nufi ga samar da wata kalma form.

Endings da nahawu ma'anar

Bisa ga ƙa'ida (gani da aurally) wadannan kalma siffofin ne daban-daban daga juna ta ƙare, kuma shi ne karshen da tayin, ko shan daga kalmomin da wani nau'in ma'anar.

Saboda haka, idan muka yi magana game da karshen "na farko" kalma "simatichny" to shi, shi yana da duk na nahawu ma'ana (kamar "a kan" prefix a cikin kalmar "gudu kashe" an saita zuwa "share").

Kowane ƙarewa yana da wani nau'in ma'anar, kuma shi zai iya sanar da kalmar form. Amma, ba shakka, wannan yana da tsanani gazawa. Alal misali, karshen "bubbled" ba zai iya bayar da wata darajar "ablative jam'i" da suna "kare", kamar yadda yana da wani mabanbanta yayi endings.

A wannan za a iya ce game da maganar wani null-kare. Misalai: sifili karshen kalmar "dare" an saita zuwa "nominative, mufuradi."

Babu sauti, amma akwai ƙarewa

Idan kalmomi canza, don haka shi aka daure su da wani ƙare gaba daya a dukan siffofin. Ba kome, ya nuna wannan kawo karshen sauti (haruffa) ko ba. A babban yawan lokuta ƙarewa wakilta, kamar yadda suka ce, "sifili sauti": Bayan da kayan yau da kullum ba sauti, amma shi ba ya nufin cewa babu karshen.

Alal misali, a cikin kalmar "kare" ga tushen kada ta kasance wani sauti, amma karshen wannan kalma a matsayin m, a cikin kashi na magana ne, shi ne karshen kira "sifili": posØ.

A darajar wannan kalma fom - nominative, mufuradi suna da ciwon da namiji jinsi. Zero ƙarewa ne sauki "ji" idan muka fahimci cewa shi ne saboda cewa a wuri na karshen a cikin wannan harka "sifili sauti", da kalmar ana riskarsa kamar ciwon kawai cewa nahawu ma'anar. Na nufin "sifili sauti" a nan an saita zuwa "nominative hali, mufuradi" wani suna ne namiji.

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa a sifili ƙarewa sunaye homonymous sifili kawo karshen fi'ilai kamar yadda wadannan biyu endings da mabanbanta dabi'u da kuma samar da wata daban-daban kalma siffofin.

gagarumin rashin

Saboda haka, irin wannan rashi ba za a iya kira wani rashin in da ta dace da hankali. Babu adverbs ƙare da "nice" gerunds "da matsattse" pretext "to" barbashi "ba". The kalmar "kare" ba karshen mãsu fakuwa ne da kuma wakilta "sifili sauti". A sifili ƙulli fi'ili samar mufuradi form elapsed lokaci (kwashe, dauke da, soaps), kuma ba shi yiwuwa a ce cewa wadannan kalmomi ba a kammala.

A kanta akwai wani rashin ma'ana milestone. Wannan za a iya kwatanta ta da taro na zalla m lokuta. Alal misali, mu sau da yawa yarda da juna: "Idan akwai wani abu ba daidai ba, zan kira ku mayar. Kuma idan na bai kira ku, yana nufin cewa duk abin da yake lafiya, duk abin da yake faruwa bisa ga shirin. "

Saboda haka shi ne a nan: idan da kalmar "kare" da aka wakilta karshen "sifili sauti", wanda ke nufin cewa ta fom - nominative, mufuradi.

Yadda kada ya rudar da "muhimmanci" da babu wani na al'ada

Amince da cewa idan duk abin da yake lafiya da kuma duk abin da ke faruwa bisa ga shirin, ba mu mayar da kira, mu sau da yawa fara damuwa game a ƙayyadadden lokaci kuma ba zato ba tsammani ba ringing - wannan shi ne wata ãyã ba, cewa duk abin da yake a cikin tsari, da kuma mu abokin tarayya ba zai iya kawai kira ?

Game da haka sau da yawa akwai rikice da kuma yadda za a bambanta a sifili ƙarewa na cikin rashi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a farkon wannan labarin, mafi muhimmanci rarrabẽwa ne mai sauki: kalmomi kawo karshen tare da sifilin canji, kuma ba tare da su - ba.

Don gane da abin da yake a gaban mu: a sifili ƙarewa (babu wani gagarumin), ko rashin shi, ya yi kokarin canza kalmar "kare" - "kare", "kare". Da fari dai, wata kalma an canza, wanda a kanta ne riga mai nuni da cewa shi ne karshen. Na biyu, a wuri na sifili bayyana wasu karshen ke cikin yayi na kalmar endings.

Yana da muhimmanci a yi m canza: shi wajibi ne don canza wannan kalma (wato, canza kawai nahawu ma'anar) maimakon kafa sababbi. Saboda haka, siffa "dadi" - ba irin na yar bab "m." Idan ka canza tsari na kalmar bangare na jawabin, ba shakka, dole ne zama guda.

canzawa kalmomi

Don tabbatar da cewa kafin ka - a sifili ƙarewa ko rashin shi, yana da muhimmanci sosai da za a shiryar da a cikin kalmomi wadda sassa na jawabin - marar sakewa.

By da marar sakewa kalmomi kamar haka:

• Adverbs (yar bab - ga wani ajali na magana, don haka ba za ka iya ce cewa muna da wani sifili kawo karshen adverbs). Misalai: gaji, dadi, a wani lokacin, da farin ciki, da kyau, mara kyau, da bakin ciki, game da nisa. Lura cewa yar bab ba ko da yaushe ƙare a cikin "o": ba mamaki, bugu, a wani fushi, dole, last spring, kadan, mai yawa, sau uku, biyu, hudu daga cikinsu a yanzu, a da safe, gobe da yamma, daga baya, daga baya, ko da yaushe a yamma, a dare, akwai, a kusa, a nan, bar, a gaba, gaba, gefen gani, iyo, rarrafe, gauraye, lebur a kan baya ...

Insidious ne kama wasu siffofin adverbs da manufofi da fi'ilai: "Mama wearily zauna a gefen gado mai matasai '(gaji - yar bab). "A rana ta jũna gaji da sauri sosai bace bayan da girgije" (gaji - fi'ili).

• Adverbial participle (gerund - da invariable bangare na jawabin, wadannan kalmomi ana ma bace a sifili ƙare). Misalai: sãren, Holding, tapping, aikata ta hanyar karanta.
• A farko nau'i na aikatau (a cikin kimiyya da methodological firam na reference inda ti -t kuma dauke suffixes, maimakon endings), misali: to barci, to mafarki, don ilmantar da, listen to, Buga, jirgin kasa, soyayya.
• Comparative siffofin manufofi da kuma adverbs: mafi wayo, redder.
• All sabis sassa na magana.
• All interjections.
• All onomatopoeic kalmomi: rukũ'i-wow, meow-meow. Wani lokaci da mawallafa na adabi matani da gangan taka leda a kan waɗanda kalmomi a kudi na canje-canje: "Duk crowing riga ya mutu bãya, kuma ya kasance har yanzu barci."
• Indeclinable sunaye, misali: motoci, dasu, Baroque, taxi, kofi. Duk da haka, akwai wani ra'ayin cewa wadannan kalmomi da ƙulli: daidai domin shi ne mai suna (a cikin makaranta manhaja mafi yawa ana da irin wannan ra'ayi ba a dauke).
• Indeclinable manufofi, kamar burgundy, Khaki.
• Possessive magana da, wanda ya nuna na zuwa žangare na uku, kamar su, ta, shi.

Wadannan kungiyoyin na kalmomi zuwa tuna, a general, ba wuya, amma a wuya lokuta ko lokuta na rashin tabbas a matsayin ƙarin rarrabẽwa, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, za su sami damar canza wani takamaiman kalma.