Barancen - wanda shi ne wannan? Nawa bako ma'aikata a Rasha?

Barancen - ne 'yan kasashen waje aiki domin wucin gadi da aikin yi. A kalma ta samo asali ne daga Jamus da kuma a zahiri fassara a matsayin "bako-ma'aikacin". A Rasha, shi ne jargon kuma sau da yawa gane ta mutane kamar ciwon korau connotation. A kasar manufar "bako ma'aikata" ya yadu tun lokacin da marigayi 1990s, da farko, a kafofin watsa labarai, sa'an nan a cikin hira.

Tarihi da kalmar

A Jamus, kalmar da aka buga don maye gurbin "fremdarbaytery" Concepts, wanda a cikin Nazi sau aka kira suka kawo wa Jamus ga aikin gandu. A sabon lokaci ya bã tãre da korau connotation muhimmi a cikin tsufa, kuma yana da dan kadan daban-daban ma'anar. A fahimtar da Jamusanci bako ma'aikata - ne ma'aikata da yardar ransa a bisa gayyatar da gwamnatin kasar Jamus ya ziyarci kasar domin yin aiki.

A Rasha, kalmar da aka yi amfani da farko, da lafazi a kan na biyu syllable (Jamus style), amma daga baya da girmamawa canja zuwa daya syllable kusa da ƙarshen. A CIS shi ya ba da ya kwarara daga yawon ci-rani, kamar yadda a Jamus, da ake kira da gwamnatin gayyata, don haka ajalin da aka sani Abin mamaki. Sau da yawa, a da kafofin watsa labaru za a iya gani ta dariyan sa ziyartar ma'aikatan bidiyo da hotuna. Barancen a CIS aka dauke m aikace-aikace da su daga cikin wannan mas'ala.

Providers barancen

A general sharuddan, barancen - ne daga kasashe da cewa su ne mafi ƙanƙanta a tattalin arziki da sharuddan. Su ne cheap, amma a lokaci guda ya fi na unskilled aiki da karfi. Tun da farko a Turai, kaya na kasashen waje da ma'aikata sun Romania, Bulgaria, Girka, Rasha, Italy, Poland, da tsohuwar {asar Yugoslavia (sai Slovenia), Spain, Portugal, Ireland.

A halin yanzu, da most rabo daga cikin jimlar yawan yan gudun hijirar a CIS kasashe ne Tajik, Ukrainian, Sin, Uzbek barancen, kazalika da ba} i daga Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Moldova, India. A Turai, da CIS jagora a cikin cikakkar yawan yan gudun hijirar, kuma a cikin duniya a kan wannan nuna alama ba kawai Amurka, inda ma'aikata muhajirai su ne mafi yawa Mexicans da sauran Latin American wakilan. The uku wuri a cikin yawan kasashen waje ma'aikata ne Jamus, inda Turks je en sun mayar, ko da yake a nan gaba daga wannan matsayi da zai iya dauka a kan Spain, inda mafi yawan ma'aikata muhajirai ne Larabawa da Latin Amirka.

Barancen a Rasha

Back a 1970-1980-ies a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya zama darasi shiga K'abilan Biyetnam jama'a da su yi aiki a cikin Moscow factory ZIL da AZLK. Tare da su ne hudu da shestigodichnye kwangila da cewa ba za a iya kare ta ma'aikaci. A {asar Vietnam yi aiki a kyau bangaskiya, da wuya sha barasa da kuma rayayye sayi Soviet mabukaci kaya, da ciwon babu bukatar daga cikin gida yawan. Lokacin da Rasha ta rushe kuma masana'antu ya tafi fatara, da yawa ma'aikatan sun bar ga CIS da ya fara aiki ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Amma sa'an nan, babu wanda ya kira su barancen. Wannan lokaci ya zo da yawa daga baya, a lokacin da, bayan da 2003-2004: Ya zama. Rasha ya zama gaskiya a cikin sabon abu daga aiki hijirarsa gudana daga Asiya ta tsakiya.

Rasha bako ma'aikata jin musamman free dangane da tallafi na sabon dokokin a shekara ta 2007, ƙwarai simplifying da hanya ga wucin gadi rajista a kasar na kasashen waje da suka zo don dalili na aiki. Wadannan sababbin abubuwa yafi shafa Baƙi daga kasashe da abin da Rasha Federation yana da wani visa-free tsarin mulki. A sakamakon wadannan abubuwan da yawan 'yan kasashen waje da bin doka aiki a Rasha, FMS ya karu biyu zuwa sau uku.

Nawa bako ma'aikata a Rasha

Kamar yadda na Disamba 2014 a kan ƙasa na kasar, bisa ga bayanai samuwa to Tarayya Hijira Service, akwai 11.07 miliyan kasashen waje jama'a. A kowace shekara a Rasha zo kusa da miliyan 1.3 barancen da aiki da bin doka, amma wani wuri miliyan 2.5 mutane suna aiki ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A wurin zama a yarda ko ta wucin gadi zama yarda a shekara sami game da 450 da dubu. Baƙi. Yanzu za ka iya tunanin yadda da yawa bako ma'aikata a Rasha! Babban kaya na aiki a kasar mu - shi ne Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova.

primary fasahohin

Barancen a Rasha sun kafa wani irin caste da irin aikin yi. Saboda haka, a ƙananan mataki ne Baƙi da tsunduma a unskilled a nauyi jiki aiki: digging ramuka, digging rami, kayan handling. Magina, painters, plasterers, tilers suna dauke mafi gwani ma'aikata. A mafi kyau-biya ma'aikata muhajirai - welders da electricians shi.

A general, da aikin barancen talauci biya, datti da wuya. Sau da yawa 'yan kasashen waje da suka zo don aiki a cikin iyalansu ne kawai breadwinners, kuma su albashi ne a gida sau da yawa m fiye a Rasha. Jobs cewa daukar ma'aikata muhajirai, da mazauna yankunan ba sa amfani saboda low samun kudin shiga da kuma nauyi aikin yanayi. A Moscow kadai, bisa ga Tarayya Hijira Service a 2013, akwai 800 da dubu. Barancen, ko da yake m masana sun ce wannan adadi ne ƙwarai underestimated, da kuma barancen a babban birnin kasar, game da 2 mutane miliyan.

A ra'ayi na al'umma

A waje ma'aikata a Rasha kẽwayãwa a dama daban-daban ra'ayoyi. A rinjaye view cewa barancen - mutane marasa galihu da kuma m, cewa rayuwa yanayi sun tilasta sami kudi datti, nauyi, ba babbar aiki. Suna zaune kamar vagabonds, a rashin tausayi yanayi, da shan wahala daga ba samun su maƙiya zamantakewa yanayi, sha wulakanci da m hali. Russia yi imani da cewa ma'aikata muhajirai, su ne mutane na low ilimi da al'adu matakin, sabili da haka zai iya jure matsananci yanayi na rayuwa da kuma aiki. Rasha jama'a Firaministan matalauta ilimi na Rasha waje ma'aikata, wanda dagula shirin sadarwa, external slovenliness da kuma bude zanga-zanga da wani rashin al'ada. Duk da haka, wasu Russia tasbĩhi m sadarwa barancen. Game da samun Rasha dan kasa da yawon ci-rani, akwai sosai daban-daban, ra'ayin.

a ƙarshe

Guest ma'aikata a Rasha da ake kira "Dzhamshuta", "chocks", "Tajik". Suna farauta da skinheads, su ma'aikata yaudara, ba su ci da kuma barci kadan, amma a lokaci guda a kan dinari guda yi da dirtiest da kuma aiki tukuru. A m kauyuka a cikin sararin Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan da Tajikistan, da ba su damar da za su tsirfanta, kuma ciyar da iyalansu, sai su tafi zuwa cikin mu "marabtar" Rasha da kuma aiki domin mu da kyau. Mutane da yawa Russia wuya amsa tambaya na abin da ya barancen daga mafi: amfani ko cutarwa ba. Wannan shi ne ainihin debatable tambaya, amma a wani hali da ya kamata mu ba da damar kyamar baki da kuma yin magana game da barancen ƙasƙantarwa kuma m.