BusinessMasana'antu

Ultrasonic gwaji na welded gidajen abinci, da kuma hanyoyin da iko da fasahar

Akwai kusan babu masana'antu, wanda ba zai yi za'ayi waldi aiki. Mafiya yawa na karfe Tsarin aka saka da aka juna da welds. Hakika, da ingancin irin wannan aiki a nan gaba ya dogara ba kawai a kan AMINCI gina gine-gine, gine-ginen, kayan aiki ko da wani naúrar, amma kuma cikin aminci daga mutãne waɗanda suke a wasu hanya hulɗa tare da wadannan gina. Saboda haka, don tabbatar da wani isasshen matakin na yi na wadannan ayyukan nema ultrasonic welds, inda daya zai iya gane gaban ko babu daban-daban lahani a maha? Ar na karfe kayayyakin. Amfani da wannan ci-gaba Hanyar iko da za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

A tarihin abin da ya faru

Ultrasonic gwaji kamar yadda irin wannan da aka ɓullo da a 30s. Duk da haka, na farko real aiki na'urar da aka haife kawai a shekarar 1945, godiya ga kamfanin ta Sperry Products. Kan gaba guda biyu da suka gabata, da latest iko fasaha ya samu karbuwa a kasashen duniya, da cika fuska kara yawan masana'antun da irin wannan kayan aiki.

Ultrasonic aibi injimin gano illa, farashin wanda a yau yana farawa daga 100000 -130000 dubu, asali inherently dauke injin shambura. Irin wannan na'urorin ayan zama da tsauraran matakan da nauyi nauyi. Sun yi aiki kawai a kan ikon kayayyaki da AC. Amma a cikin 60s, tare da zuwan semiconductor haihuwarka aibi muhimmanci rage a cikin size kuma sun iya gudu a kan batura cewa, yana yiwuwa a yarda a yi amfani da na'urar ko a cikin filin.

Mataki na cikin dijital daula

A farkon matakai na bayyana na'urorin amfani da akwatin tilbijin na analog sigina aiki, saboda wanda, kamar sauran irin wannan na'urorin ke tasirantuwa ga shiga wani hali a lokacin da k. Amma a shekarar 1984, kamfanin Panametrics ya ba da farko a rayuwa shi ne na farko šaukuwa dijital aibi injimin gano illa kira EPOCH 2002. Tun daga nan, da dijital raka'a sun zama sosai a dogara da kayan aiki, fi dacewa samar da zama dole kwanciyar hankali na k kuma ji. Ultrasonic aibi injimin gano illa, farashin wanda ya dogara a kan ta yi da iri na manufacturer, kuma ya karbi data shiga aiki da kuma damar iya aika da karatu zuwa PC.

A zamani yanayi, mafi kuma mafi tsarin ne ban sha'awa da phased tsararru, wanda yana amfani da wani hadadden fasahar-tushen Multi-kashi piezoelectric abubuwa da samar da directed haskoki da kuma Halicci mai gangara image, kama likita duban dan tayi Dabarar.

bigiren

Ultrasonic iko Hanyar ne amfani a wani shugabanci da masana'antu. Its amfani ya nuna cewa za a iya daidaita yadda ya kamata amfani da su duba kusan duk iri welded gidajen abinci a yi, wanda da kauri daga cikin welded tushe karfe fiye da 4 millimeters. Bugu da ƙari kuma, da hanyar da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a gwada dangane gidajen abinci na gas da kuma man fetur bututun, da kuma ruwa na daban-daban na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin. Kuma a lokuta kamar iko gidajen abinci manyan kauri sakamakon electroslag waldi, ultrasonic dubawa - kadai m Hanyar iko.

A karshe yanke shawara game da ko da abu ya dace ko Weld da aiki yi a kan tushen da uku da muhimman hakkokin Manuniya (sharudda) - amplitude na asalin, al'ada masu girma dabam.

A general ultrasonic dubawa - ne hanya wanda shine mafi m cikin sharuddan image kafa a cikin shakka daga nazarin kabu (Details).

dalilan bukatar

The bayyana iko Hanyar yin amfani da duban dan tayi ne mai kyau a cewa shi yana da yawa mafi girma ji na ƙwarai da kuma daidaito na karatu a lokacin da ganewa na lahani kamar fasa, ƙananan kudin da high aminci a lokacin amfani kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada radiographic dabaru. Don kwanan wata, ultrasonic gwaji na welds amfani a 70-80% na lokuta da cak.

ultrasonic transducers

Ba tare da yin amfani da wadannan na'urori ne da wani ultrasonic ba hallakaswa gwaji ne kawai a gane. Na'urorin amfani ga kafa da zumudi da kuma samun ultrasonic vibrations.

A raka'a ne daban-daban da kuma ake kasu:

  • A Hanyar yin lamba tare da gwajin samfurin.
  • A Hanyar haɗa da piezoelectric abubuwa a cikin wayoyi zane na aibi da sāke wuri na lantarki dangi da piezo-kashi.
  • Kiya fuskantarwa dangi zuwa ga surface.
  • Yawan piezoelectric abubuwa (guda, biyu, Multi-kashi).
  • Da nisa daga cikin aiki mita band (narrowband - bandwidth na kasa da daya octave, wideband - bandwidth fiye da daya octave).

Auna halaye lahani

A cikin duniya da fasaha da masana'antu duk kaiwa Standard. Ultrasonic gwaji (Gost 14782-86) a wannan batun ne ba togiya. A misali shirya cewa lahani ake auna ta da wadannan sigogi:

  • Daidai da lahani yankin.
  • A amplitude na amsa kuwwa sigina, wanda aka ƙaddara la'akari da nisa zuwa lahani.
  • A lura na aibi a batu na waldi.
  • Maras size.
  • Tasari nesa tsakanin lahani.
  • Yawan lahani a kan zaba tsawon na Weld ko hadin gwiwa.

amfani da aibi injimin gano illa

Nondestructive gwaji, wanda shine ultrasonic dabara na da amfani, wanda ya furta cewa, babban ji siga - amplitude na amsa kuwwa samu daga lahani kai tsaye. Don bambance amsa kuwwa most mawadãta ne mai ƙayyadadden ajali haka ya kira kin amincewa ji na ƙwarai. Ya, bi da bi, aka kaga yin amfani da wani misali samfurin na Enterprises (SOP).

Farawar aibi ne tare da ɓacẽwarta. Domin wannan nuni kin amincewa ji na ƙwarai. Sa'an nan, a cikin tsari da za'ayi da duban dan tayi kwantanta da samu amsa kuwwa daga lahani da aka gano tare da wani ajali matakin na kin amincewa. Idan auna mawadãta ne mafi girma daga cikin yarda matakin, da masana yanke shawarar cewa wani aibi ba shi da inganci. Sa'an nan kabu ko samfurin da aka ƙaryata su, kuma aka mayar domin bita.

Mafi na kowa lahani a cikin welded saman ne: rashin Fusion, bai cika shigar azzakari cikin farji, fatattaka, porosity, slag inclusions. Yana da wadannan keta yadda ya kamata gano dubawa amfani da duban dan tayi.

Zabuka duban dan tayi nazarin

A tsawon lokaci, da tabbaci tsari ya samu dama tasiri hanyoyin domin nazarin welded gidajen abinci. Ultrasonic gwaji na samar da quite da dama zabin karkashin shawara na Ft Irfan nazarin daga karfe Tsarin, amma mafi girma shahararsa da aka samu:

  • Echo Hanyar.
  • Shadow.
  • Mirror-inuwa Hanyar.
  • Echo madubi.
  • Delta Hanyar.

Hanyar mai lamba daya

Mafi sau da yawa a cikin masana'antu da Railways amfani amsa kuwwa bugun jini Hanyar. Yana da saboda shi ne kamu fiye da 90% na aibi, wanda ya zama zai yiwu saboda da rikodi da kuma bincike na kusan duk sakonni nuna da surface lahani.

By kanta, wannan Hanyar ta dogara ne a kan kara karfe kayayyakin hatsaisai na ultrasonic vibrations da m rajista.

A abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan hanya ne:

- da yiwuwar daya-hanyar samun da samfurin.

- fairly high ji na ƙwarai to ciki lahani.

- da mafi sakawa daidaito na gano lahani.

Duk da haka, akwai drawbacks, ciki har da:

- low jure tsangwama reflector surface.

- da karfi da dogaro da siginar mawadãta daga wani aibi wuri.

Aka bayyana dubawa na nufin ta kunshi a cikin samfurin manemin ultrasonic hatsaisai. Karbar amsa sigina na faruwa suka kama ko biyu crawler. A siginar iya nuna kai tsaye daga lahani kuma a kan m surface na rarraba kayayyakin (dutsen ado).

inuwa hanyar

Ya dogara ne a kan wani cikakken bincike na mawadãta daga cikin ultrasonic vibration daukar kwayar cutar daga watsawa da karɓa. A cikin akwati inda akwai wani karu a cikin wannan nuna alama, shi ya nuna kasancewar wani lahani. A mafi girma da girman da lahani zai kasance karami fiye da mawadãta daga cikin siginar samu da karɓa. Don samun cikakken bayani da ya kamata a located coaxially emitter da karɓa a tarnaƙi na gwajin abu. A ko rashin amfani wannan fasahar za a iya daukan low ƙwarai a kan amsa kuwwa Hanyar da cakuduwa da bincike fuskantarwa (piezoelectric transducer) dangi zuwa ga tsakiyar ray na radiation juna. Duk da haka, akwai abũbuwan amfãni da suke high in jure tsangwama, low siginar amplitude, dangane da lahani wuri, babu matattu zone.

Mirror-inuwa Hanyar

Wannan ultrasonic sau da yawa amfani ingancin iko monitoring welded tare ƙarfafa gidajen abinci. Babban nuni da cewa lahani da aka gano, ne attenuation na siginar mawadãta, wanda aka nuna daga m surface (yawanci kira kasa). Babban amfani da wannan hanyar - bayyananne ganewa na daban-daban lahani, sāke wuri wanda yake shi ne tushen Weld. Har ila yau, da hanyar ne halin da yiwuwar daya-hanyar samun da kabu ko daki-daki.

Echo-madubi Hanyar

A mafi m bambance-bambancen da vertically shirya ganowa lahani. Dubawa da aka yi da nufin biyu bincike da matsawa tare da surface kusa da kabu a gefe daya daga shi. Kamar wancan ne su motsi da aka yi a cikin irin wannan hanyar a matsayin gyara wani bincike siginar radiated daga wani bincike da biyu nuna daga data kasance lahani.

Babban amfani da wannan hanyar: shi za a iya amfani da su kimanta da siffar lahani, girman wanda ya wuce 3 mm, kuma suna deflected a tsaye jirgin sama da fiye da 10 digiri. Abu mafi muhimmanci - don amfani AEDs da wannan ji na ƙwarai. Irin wannan wani zaɓi ne na rayayye yi amfani da duban dan tayi duba m-walled kayayyakin da su welds.

Delta hanyar

Ya ce ultrasonic gwaji na welds yana amfani da ultrasonic makamashi reradiated lahani. Mai gangara kalaman, cewa da dama a kan aibi, jera nuna madubi, partially tuba a cikin wani a tsaye da kuma sake fitarda da diffracted kalaman. A sakamakon haka ne a kama na so kalaman bincike. A hasara na hanyar da za a iya gani a kabu share wajen high haduwar dikodi mai na samu sakonni a lokacin da iko da welded gidajen abinci zuwa wani kauri daga 15 millimeters.

Abũbuwan amfãni na duban dan tayi da tausasãwa na aikace-aikace

high mita welds da bincike tare da sauti - An, a gaskiya, ba hallakaswa gwaji, saboda wannan hanya ba zai iya haifar da wani lalacewa zuwa samfurin gwajin shafukan, amma quite daidai detects gaban lahani. Har ila yau, musamman hankali ya kamata a low cost da ake gudanar da su high kisa gudun. Yana da muhimmanci cewa Hanyar shi ne cikakken hadari ga lafiyar dan adam. All nazarin karafa da kuma welds suna da za'ayi a kan tushen da duban dan tayi a cikin kewayon daga 0.5 MHz zuwa 10 MHz. A wasu lokuta, shi iya gudanar da ayyukan yin amfani da ultrasonic taguwar ruwa da ciwon mita na 20 MHz.

Analysis ultrasonically Weld dole ne dole a tare da wani dukan sa na shirya matakan, kamar tsabtace ko surface na gwajin Weld, da ake ji a sarrafawa rabo daga takamaiman lamba ruwaye (mala'iku na musamman dalilai, glycerin, inji mai). Duka wannan yana yi don tabbatar da ya dace barga Ft Irfan lamba, wadda daga ƙarshe ta samar da ake so image a kan na'urar.

Rashin iyawa don amfani, da kuma rashin

Ultrasonic gwaji shi ne cikakken impractical yi amfani for dubawa na waldi karfe mahadi da ciwon m tsarin (msl, jefa baƙin ƙarfe ko austenitic Weld da kauri mafi girma daga 60 millimeters). Kuma duk saboda a irin haka akwai quite wani karfi watsawa da kuma attenuation na duban dan tayi.

Har ila yau, shi ne, ba zai yiwu ga cikakken faye hali unequivocally gano aibi (tungsten hada, da kuma slag hada al.).

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