Umurnin Wget: misalai. Kayan aiki don sauke fayiloli akan cibiyar Wget

Zai zama kamar cewa a cikin duniya inda rabin al'ummar duniya ke amfani da kwakwalwa ta hanyar amfani dasu da fasaha masu maƙirai masu kyau da kuma siffofin halayen irin waɗannan, babu wuri don aikace-aikacen rubutu. Kimanin shekaru 20 da suka wuce, ƙwaƙwalwar kwamfuta ta kasance mummunan maɓallin baki wanda ba ya nuna wani abu sai dai jigon alamun fararen, kuma an gudanar da dukkan iko ta hanyar rubutun kalmomi. Abin mamaki ne, yawancin waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da mummunan aiki, saboda haka suna aiki ne da abin dogara.

Menene Wget?

Wget (wanda ake kira GNU Wget Linux) shi ne na'ura mai kwakwalwa, aikace-aikacen ba tare da m don aiki tare da fayiloli da shafukan intanet ba. A gaskiya ma, shirin ne don sauke fayiloli daga Intanit, wanda ba'a iya yin amfani da hoto da yawancin abubuwan da ba'a sabawa ba don sababbin hanyoyin zamani.

Hrvoji Niksic, masanin kimiyyar Croatian, ya kirkiro wannan shirin, yanzu kuma Giuseppe Skrivano da Linux ke tallafawa ci gaba. An fara amfani da amfani na farko (wanda ake kira "GetURL") a cikin Janairu 1996. An rubuta wannan shirin a cikin harshen C kuma ana saki a karkashin lasisin GNU. Da farko, an sake kayan aiki a kan dandalin Linux. Yawancin lokaci, an fassara mai amfani a cikin harsuna da dama kuma ya shiga kowane dandamali mai ban sha'awa, ciki har da Wget don Windows 7 (da sabon sabo), Wget don MacOS da sauransu.

Wannan shirin bai dace ba, wanda ke nufin cewa duk wani tsari da aka kaddamar a cikin damarsa baza'a iya sarrafawa ba, ana iya gudanar da shi ta hanyar kula da tsarin sarrafawa kanta.

Duk da cewa zamani bincike yawanci suna da wani ginannen download sarrafa, har yanzu suna tsara don m sadarwa, saboda haka, aikin a manual yanayin zama da wahala. Wget, a akasin wannan, ya bada dama matakai don sarrafawa. Alal misali, yana yiwuwa don shirya takardun rubutu tare da jerin shafukan intanet a gaba, ta yin amfani da abin da zaka iya sauke fayilolin da dama da shafuka a lokaci ɗaya.

Babban ayyuka na shirin

Duk da haka, a farkon wuri shirin ne don sauke fayiloli, wanda ya nuna ainihin aikin aikinsa.

Wget na iya sauke duk wani abu daga Intanet, zama takardun, fayiloli mai gudanarwa ko shafukan yanar gizo cikakke a cikin tsarin HTML (ta hanyoyi daban-daban). Fayiloli za a iya sauke daga shugabanci a kan FTP.

Mai yin ciniki zai iya yin saukewa ta dawowa ta atomatik ta hanyar haɗi a cikin wani shafin yanar gizon (ko shafukan yanar gizo masu yawa), yayin da sake dawo da tsarin asalin shafin yanar gizon. Yana yiwuwa a duba shafukan yanar gizo da aka sauke ba tare da samun damar zuwa cibiyar sadarwar ba (ta hanyar tsoho an sauke shi azaman adiresoshin don kallon kan layi).

Da farko, Wget ya daidaita don ragewa da jigilar nau'in haɗi, don haka muhimmin fasalin shine ikon sake dawo da sauke fayil din (wannan zai yiwu idan uwar garke yana goyon bayan mashigin RANGE). Har ila yau, Wget na iya duba matsayi na sabobin (kasancewar su) don saukewa da sabuntawa (Wget yana duba fayiloli na fayil kuma yana goyan bayan sabon version) na fayiloli da shafin yanar gizo.

Shirin kuma yana da nau'o'in fasali, hankula ga kayan aikin gizo-gizo, waɗanda ke gano ɗakunan yanar gizo da kuma sabobin don kasancewar wasu fayiloli akan su.

Taimakon Platforms

Linux Wizard ta zama tushen wannan samfurin. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mai amfani ya fara aiki kawai a kan Linux, amma da sauri ya sami karɓuwa kuma an daidaita shi zuwa wasu tsarin. Alal misali, za ka iya samun sakon Wget don Windows 7 da kuma tsarin zamani na zamani, kuma akwai majalisai tare da maƙirar hoto. Amma ga Linux, akwai shirin sau da yawa a cikin rarraba. Ƙungiyoyi a wasu Linux suna gina goyon baya ga umarnin Wget. Ubuntu, Fedora, openSUSE da sauran rabawa na aiki tare da shirin, kamar yadda suka ce, daga cikin akwatin. Na gaba, la'akari da shirin a cikin daki-daki.

Umurnin Wget: jerin jerin sigogi na asali

Jerin jerin umurnai sun haɗa da:

• -V - ba ka damar gano wane ɓangaren shirin a halin yanzu;
• -h - yana nuna mafi yawan jerin umurnai don aiki tare da aikace-aikacen;
• -b - ba ka damar sanya shirin a bango;

Jerin saƙonnin saƙo

Dokokin Wget sun ba ka damar cikakken sarrafa bayanin da aka nuna. Ga jerin su:

• -o logfile - ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin log, wanda ya rubuta duk tsari na aikace-aikacen;
• -a logfile - ba ka damar ƙara fayilolin logon kasancewa a maimakon ƙirƙirar sabon abu;
• -d - nuna bayanin da ake bukata ga masu haɓakawa da debugger (taimaka wajen magance matsalolin da gyara daidai a cikin aikin abokin ciniki);
• -q - ya ƙi nuna saƙonnin;
• -v - an saita wannan zaɓi ta tsoho, yana bada cikakkun rahoto game da duk matakan da ke faruwa a cikin shirin (a ainihin lokacin);
• -nv - ƙwarai rage bayanin da mai amfani ya karɓa a saƙonni. Sai kawai bayanan da sukafi dacewa da sanarwar kuskure ya kasance;
• -i fayil (tare da hanyar zuwa file) - umarnin yana ba da izinin duba fayil, cire hanyar haɗi daga gare ta da yin saukewa; Zaka iya amfani da fayiloli na daban-daban tsarin, ciki har da HTML, amma idan kun yi amfani da wannan umarni, kada ku ƙayyade hanyar zuwa fayil a kan layin umarni;
• -f - sa shirin ya karanta fayil kamar HTML; Lokacin amfani da wannan umarni don aiki tare da takardun HTML na gida, kuskure zai iya faruwa don kaucewa shi, kawai saka a cikin takardun

Jerin Zabuka

Umurni na asali don aiki tare da sauke fayiloli tare da taimakon Wget. A nan ne tushen su:

• --bind-address = ADDRESS - wannan umurni yana ba ka damar canja wurin da aka sanya bayanai ga ADDRESS na na'ura na gida. Lokacin amfani da haɗin TCP / IP, ana buƙatar umarni don saka adireshin IP daidai (idan akwai fiye da ɗaya).
• -t lambar (saka lambar) - ba da damar mai amfani don zaɓi yawan lokutan saukewa. Don kaucewa kwafi, dole ne ka ƙayyade adadin lambar daidai da nau'i.
• -nc - wannan umurni yana ba da damar sake dawo da bayanan da aka sauke fayil ɗin idan ƙwayar cibiyar ta kasa kuma an katse saukewa. Idan ba ku yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin umarnin taya (-N, -nc, -r) ba, Wget zai kirkiro kwafin shi kuma fara saukewa. Zaɓin -r ya ba ka damar maye gurbin fayilolin da aka kasance.
• -c - ma sauƙaƙe aikawa da fayil ɗin, idan akwai hasara ta haɗi (da kuma lokacin da Wget ya daina yin ƙoƙari don mayar da haɗi). Ya isa ya saka umarnin da aka ba kafin haɗin zuwa fayil din. Idan akwai fayil ɗin irin wannan a cikin shugabanci da ake amfani dashi, Wget zai gane shi kuma ya yanke shawarar ko zata sake yin shi. Za'a iya amfani da umurnin kawai a kan waɗannan sabobin inda akwai goyon baya ga shugabannin RANGE.

• --progress - ba ka damar zaɓar nau'in nuna nuni na ci gaba. Za ka iya saka -progress = bar ko ci gaba = dot.
• --spider - ya maye gurbin umarnin sauke fayiloli don dubawa a kan uwar garke;
• -w (a cikin sakan) - yana nuna lokaci tsakanin saukewa.
• -q (ƙayyade a cikin yawan kilobytes ko megabytes) - ba ka damar daidaita adadin bayanan da aka sauke da ƙayyadadden kundin yawa. Duk da haka, yana da daraja a lura cewa za a ɗora ɗaya fayil ɗin duk da la'akari da ƙayyadaddun saiti (wato, tare da ɗaya fayil ɗin wannan zaɓi ba zai aiki ba, ko ta yaya yake da wuya).

Jerin Lissafi na HTTP

• --http-user = da --http-passwd = - ƙyale saka adireshi da kalmar wucewa don izni a kan hanyar yanar gizo wanda za'a sauke fayiloli.
• -C = kunnawa / kashewa - ba ka damar taimakawa ko ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar da bayanai a kan gefen uwar garke.
• --cookies = a / kashe - daidai da cache, kawai don kukis. Yana da damar dakatarwa ko sake ci gaba da musayar bayanan kuki da ake buƙatar don uwar garke don kula da ƙididdigar baƙi. Ta hanyar tsoho, zaɓin ya kunna, amma ba a ajiye kukis zuwa rumbun kwamfutar ba.
• - cookies-cookies - ba ka damar adana cookies (kawai sabbin bayanai).
• - mai amfani da mai-proxy-passwd - ya ba ka izinin shiga da kalmar wucewa don izni akan uwar garken wakili (idan wanda yake da hannu).

FTP Saiti List

Advanced zažužžukan don aiki tare da Wget. Dokokin FTP:

• -nr - ya ƙi kashe fayiloli na wucin gadi daga rakodin jerin sunayen da aka samar da shi ba tare da wata hanyar ba tare da FTP;
• -g on / off - ba da damar mai amfani don amfani da haruffa na musamman a cikin adiresoshin FTP;
• - Tsarin shafe - wannan umarnin za a iya amfani da shi tare da Firewall don kunna hanyar FTP marar amfani (lokacin da mai amfani da shi ke da alhakin kafa haɗin zuwa uwar garke).

Umurnin Wget: misalai na amfani

Mafi sauki kuma mafi yawan misali don aiki tare da shirin shine, ba shakka, sauke fayiloli. Don gwada umarnin Wget, zaka iya farawa tare da sauƙi, sami hanyar haɗi zuwa fayil a kan hanyar sadarwar, da kuma buga / m: Wget * hanyar haɗi da ke ƙayyade ainihin hanya kuma cikakkiyar hanya zuwa fayil ɗin *.

Don ci gaba da sauke fayil ɗin, yi amfani da: Wget -c * hanyar haɗi da ke ƙayyade ainihin hanya kuma cikakkiyar hanya zuwa fayil ɗin *.

Idan akwai jerin shirye-shiryen da aka danganta da fayiloli da takardun, to, zaka iya amfani da umarnin Wget -i filelist.txt.

Amma ga loading shafukan yanar gizon, duk abin da ke da wuya a nan, amma a lokaci guda yawan adadin haɓaka yana ƙaruwa sosai. Domin kada a sake shigar da sigogi duk lokacin da kake buƙatar sauke shafin intanet, za ka iya ƙirƙirar rubutun ko saita dukkan saitunan zuwa fayil .wgetrc.

Don adana shafin yanar gizo azaman hanyoyin (zai zama da wuya a buɗe su a kan inji na gida), zaku iya amfani da umurnin Wget -m * don ƙayyade hanya daidai da cikakken hanya zuwa file *.

Don yin wannan shafin don dubawa ba tare da haɗawa da Intanet ba, zaka iya amfani da mahada na Wget -r -10 -k * tare da hanya daidai da cikakken hanya zuwa file *.

Kuskuren format na Wget wani umarni da aka samo ba zai iya nuna kowane typo da daidaitaccen ƙayyade ba.