Volga Tarayya District: abun da ke ciki, yankunan, yankuna

Gudanarwa Rasha rarraba ba kawai a kan mulkin kai, yankuna, yankuna da kuma jamhuriyoyin, amma kuma a cikin tarayya gundumomi (FD). A total na 7. yawa masana nuna Volga Tarayya District. Mene ne ƙayyadaddu na wannan yankin raka'a? Mene ne daban-daban daga wasu yankuna na Volga Tarayya District? Halayyar ta tattalin arziki, da size da fasali na tarihi raya birane da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Mene ne Tarayya District

Volga Tarayya District - administrative naúrar na Rasha, kafa a sakamakon yin gyare-gyare na kasar yankin tsarin, gudanar a farkon 2000s. A cikin shakka daga sake fasalin da aka kafa 7 tarayya gundumomi (FD), wani sabon matsayi - da plenipotentiary wakilin shugaban kasa a kowane daga cikin wadannan yankin abokai. An yi imani da cewa wannan canji da aka yi nufi ga tabbatar da hakan ingancin tattalin arziki da siyasa hadewa daga cikin yankuna na Rasha. Garambawul da aka riga da wani lokaci na samuwar wani sabon, daban-daban daga Soviet ka'idodinta administrative tsarin, jumhuriya model.

A jihar, kamar yadda wasu masana suka yi ĩmãni, da ba za su yanke shawara: ba da yankuna fiye da 'yanci da kuma tara wuri ɗaya management a Moscow. A sakamakon haka, mun samar da wani jayayya: sun yanke shawarar kirkiro ƙarin administrative Tsarin tsakanin babban birnin kasar da kuma batutuwa na tarayya. Sai ya juya daga cewa yankuna, a daya hannun, sun quite m, a kan sauran - aka zamar masa dole ya bi tare da bukatun da makwabta batutuwa na tarayya, da su ne a cikin wannan yanki.

Criticism daga cikin tsarin na tarayya gundumomi

A Rasha masana yanayi ra'ayi game da ajizanci na management yankin raka'a, wanda ake administratively raba Rasha. Volga Tarayya District - shi ne ba togiya. Sau da yawa sosai wadannan wuraren view bayyana a cikin farkon 2000s, a cikin farkon shekaru bayan County tsarin da aka gabatar da shugaban kasa. Daya daga cikin muhawara na sukar - wani, sãɓã wa jũnamai wannan shirin, shugaban kasar na kundin tsarin mulkin kasar norms. A musamman, a cikin babban dokar na kasar ya bayyana cewa, an yanke shawarar kawo canji da administrative-yankin tsarin na Rasha za su iya kawai a dogara ne a kan dokokin na tarayya, amma ba shugaban kasar da umurninsa. Duk da yake cikin gundumar aka kafa a matsayin lokaci ta shugaban kasa doka. Wani abu da wadda kula zargi - Shugaba wakilin ayyuka a cikin tarayya gundumomi. A kundin tsarin mulki, suka yi imani da akwai wani kalma a kan yadda da ikon shugaban kasa za a iya canza kama zuwa plenipotentiaries ayyuka a tambaya.

Garambawul na ma'aikatar harkokin na tarayya gundumomi

A May 2014, shugaban kasar Rasha ya za'ayi a m gyara daga cikin tsarin na jama'a hukumomi a cikin tarayya gundumomi. Yana shãfe Tsarin na ma'aikatar harkokin na Rasha. A Tarayya District kasance babban management (SU) na ministan cikin gidan kasar. Hukumomi yanke shawarar rage wadannan wurare a sakamakon wani gwamnatin yanke shawarar kafa matsakaicin yawan ma'aikata na ministan cikin gidan kasar, wanda aikin da aka] a] en daga jihar kasafin kudin - 1 da miliyan 113 da dubu 172 mutane .. A sakamakon haka, batun da yarjejeniyoyin da na ma'aikatar cikin Tarayya District (ban da Research harkokin na Rasha Federation a Arewa Caucasian Tarayya District). Main Department of Internal Harkokin a cikin Volga Tarayya District, kazalika da irin wannan Tsarin cikin Far East, Siberia, da Urals, a cikin Center, ta Kudu da kuma ta Arewa-Maso-Yamma Rasha aka soke. A ma'aikatan wadannan sassan da aka samu daga ma'aikatan kuma ya sha sake kimantawa, da sakamakon wanda zai rarrabe a kan su nan gaba aiki.

yankin tsarin

Mene ne na ƙwarai Volga Tarayya District? Da farko, da most da aka sani adam ƙauyuka. Mai manyan birane na Volga Tarayya District: kyakkyawa, Samara, Kazan m, almara Nizhniy Novgorod, Perm da Ufa m. Bugu da kari, a isasshe manyan yawan tarayya batutuwa iri-iri a cikin abun da ke ciki. Mun jera babban. Yankunan da Volga Tarayya District - a Kirov, Orenburg, Samara, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov da Ulyanovsk. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na gundumar akwai 6 kasa jamhuriyoyin: Bashkortostan (babban birnin kasar - Ufa), Mordovia (administrative cibiyar - Saransk), Tatarstan (babban birnin - Kazan), Mari El (babban birnin Jamhuriyar - Yoshkar-Ola), Udmurtia da Chuvashia (inda babban birnin - Izhevsk da Cheboksary bi da bi). A Volga Tarayya District aka hada da kamar yadda Perm.

tattalin arzikin

Volga Tarayya District, wanda ya samar da wani bangare na wasu megacities, da kuma hanya mai arzikin yankuna, shi ne shugaba a tsakanin sauran District cikin sharuddan masana'antu samar, ko gaba na tsakiya, inda a can ne Moscow. Main sassa - inji gini, da man makamashi hadaddun. Shugabannin a cikin masana'antun - Kirov yankin, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, Mordovia.

A gagarumin rabo daga cikin tattalin arzikin na gundumar ke tsunduma a noma (musamman a Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod yankin, a cikin Perm yankin). haske masana'antu (Mari El, Penza yankin) ne da ci gaba. Tattalin arzikin District, a cewar wasu financiers, yin yankin daya daga cikin mafi kyau ga masu zuba jari.

Koguna da tabkuna

A Volga Tarayya District aka located a cikin kwari na most Turai kõguna - da Volga. Yana farawa a Valdai da kananan rafi, da kuma gudana a cikin Caspian Sea. Length na kogin - fiye da 3.5 dubu. Km. Volga catchment yanki - fiye da miliyan 1.6 sq. km.

A Volga Tarayya District akwai mai yawa tabkuna, sabõda su ke a kan dubban dubbai. Mafi yawan su a Tatarstan (game 8 dubu.), Bashkortostan (game da 2 da dubu.), A Chuvash Jamhuriyar (750), game da dubu - a cikin Kirov yankin, 689 aka located a Jamhuriyar Mari El.

Kazan

Labaran na Volga Tarayya District ne sosai na asali. Kazan - daya daga cikin manyan yawon shakatawa cibiyoyin na Rasha, daya daga Rasha da ya fi shahara birane a duniya.

Shekara na kafuwar Kazan, bisa ga kullum yarda archaeological shaida - 1005 th. City ya fito a matsayin mai karfi na Volga Bulgaria. A karo na farko a Rasha tarihin da aka ambata Kazan a 1177. A birnin ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girma da kasuwanci da kuma siyasa da cibiyoyin na Golden taro. A 1438 ya samu matsayi na babban birnin kasar na Kazan Khanate. A 1552 th birni da aka ci nasarar da sojojin Ivana Groznogo da annexed zuwa Rasha. A 1708 da ya zama babban birnin kasar na Kazan lardin.

Yau, da wannan birni - daya daga cikin key na Rasha tattalin arzikin, sanannen fadace-cibiyar al'adu. A filin jirgin saman ta haɗu da birnin da yawa kwaminonin a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje. A Kazan, akwai kusan iri daban-daban na jama'a kai, ciki har da Metro. A birni ne zuwa gida sama da 100 daga kasashe. Official harsuna nan - Rasha da Tatar.

Kirov

Kirov - wani gari tare da mai sosai high harkokin kasuwanci da aiki. Bisa ga lissafin da Cibiyar Nazarin System ciniki Batutuwa a 2012 Kirov yankin ya zama wani shugaban a kan wani iri-iri na Manuniya. A musamman, da yankin ranked farko a yawan kananan kasuwanci da dubu 100 yawan mutane -. Oda 220 raka'a. Kirov yankin ranked farko a yawan mutane aiki a kananan harkokin kasuwanci. A matakin na zuba jari a babban birnin na} ananan harkokin kasuwanci da capita ne fiye da biyu har fiye da sau da Rasha talakawan (more - kawai a cikin Penza yankin).

Kirov birni dama shekara ɗari. Shekara harsashinsa - a 1181-th. Har 1457 da aka sani da Vyatka, har 1781-th - yadda Khlynov. A zamani sunan birnin samu a 1934. A Soviet sau, Kirov aka dauke Semi-rufaffiyar shiri na manyan yawan kamfanonin dake da tsaro kansu. Yanzu birnin na bude ga baƙi daga Rasha da kuma daga kasashen waje.

Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod - da mafi girma a birnin a cikin Volga Tarayya District da kuma daya daga cikin shahararrun a Rasha. Yana da aka kafa a 1221 ta Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. Sunan na farko version ne saboda wani m matsayi game da Veliky Novgorod, a karo na biyu - a dangane da wani gari tare da wannan sunan da yake sama da Volga. A lokacin Mongol-Tatar karkiya a Rasha, Nizhny Novgorod aka ba ma da aka sani. Amma bayan da invaders aka fitar na Rasha ƙasar, ya fara samar hanzari, sau da yawa bikin a tarihin. Wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa a lokacin da wanzuwar Nizhny Novgorod sarauta (a 1341-1392 shekaru) da birnin iya isa ga matsayi na Rasha babban birnin kasar, kamar yadda ya iya gasa da Moscow da kuma Tver. A 1612 ganuwar da Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin farkon na motsi na sojoji, a karkashin jagorancin Minin da Pozharsky, wanda warware mana kasa daga Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian invaders. A 1722, ta hamsin ta ranar tunawa a Nizhny Novgorod bikin da Sarkin sarakuna Peter Mai girma. Ga rayu da Rasha baiwa Kulibin, Lobachevsky, Damascus, Kuzhelev malama, tarihi Ilyinsky matafiyi Baranschikov. City ziyarci A. S. Pushkin. Ya kwaikwayo daga tafiya a cikin wurin hutawa wurare a Nizhny Novgorod, ya aka bayyana a cikin "Evgeniya Onegina" surori. Daga 30s har da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet birnin da aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga marubuci A. M. Gorkogo. Yanzu Nizhny Novgorod - daya daga cikin masana'antu cibiyoyin Rasha. Almara da al'adu da ke sa shi a rare yawon shakatawa da kuma shi ne girman kai na Nizhny Novgorod kansu.

Volzhsky kwallon kafa tari

Volga Tarayya District, da abun da ke ciki na wanda aka kafa ta daya daga cikin mafi tattalin arziki raya yankuna na Rasha za ta dauki bakuncin gasar cin kofin duniya da za a gudanar a shekara ta 2018 a Rasha. Dama birane FD zai zama wani ɓangare na abin da ake kira Volga Cluster - wani conglomerate na ƙauyuka, wanda za a gina filayen wasa domin ashana na gasar.

Daga cikin wadannan birane Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Kazan kuma Saransk. A da yawa daga cikinsu kwallon kafa kayayyakin gina daga karce. Volga Tarayya District da kuma birnin haka za a sani ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma duk duniya. Ya zauna da za a gina a wani m filin wasa da kuma farkon gasar.