Wanne rassan suna raba Slavic mutane? Ancient da kuma na zamani Slavic mutane

Slavs a yau - shi ne mafi girma fadace-Al'ummar harshe a cikin kasashen Turai. Sun zauna manyan yankunan, kuma yana da game da 300-350 da mutane miliyan. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu dubi abin da rassan suna raba Slavic mutane, bari mu magana game da tarihin su samuwar kuma rabuwa. Har ila yau, kadan touch a yanzu mataki na da baza na Slavic da al'adu da kuma addini, wanda bin kabilan a cikin shakka daga ta ci gaba da kuma samuwar.

Theories na asalin

Bugu da ari, a wannan labarin, za mu dubi abin da rassan suna raba Slavic al'ummai. Amma yanzu shi ne a fahimci cewa, daga inda wannan kabila.

Saboda haka, bisa ga na da chroniclers, mu mutanen suna sauko daga magabata daya. Sun kasance Yafet, dan Nuhu. Wannan adadi, bisa ga tarihi, ba rai to wannan kabilan kamar yadda Mediyawa, da Sarmatians, da Scythians, Thracians, Illyrians, Slavs, Birtaniya da sauran kasashen Turai daban daban.

The Larabawa san da Slavs, a matsayin wani bangare na al'umma mutanen da yamma, da suka hada da Turks, Ugric kuma Slavs a Gabashin Turai. Su soja records, masana tarihi shirki wannan conglomerate da kalmar "Sakaliba". Daga baya suka zo da za a kira daga Byzantine sojojin deserters wanda ya dauki Musulunci.

A zamanin d Helenawa da Romawa kira Slavs "sklaviny" da kuma ba da labari da su zuwa daya daga cikin Scythian kabilan - Scoloti. Wani lokaci cire tare ethnonyms Wends kuma Slavs.

Kamar wancan rassa uku Slavic al'ummai, da kewaye daga wanda aka nuna a kasa, da magabata. Amma daga baya su ci gaba diverged muhimmanci saboda da sararin ƙasa da shiri da kuma rinjayar makwabta al'adu da imani.

Wannan shi ne abin da za mu yi magana da kara.

Tarihi na mazauna

Daga baya za mu magance dabam ga kowane rukuni na kabilu, amma yanzu ya kamata ka gane cewa a kowane reshe na Slavic mutane rarrabu da kuma yadda da sake ma su matsugunni tsari.
Saboda haka, a karon farko game da wadannan kabilu da aka ambata da Tacitus da Pliny da Dattijon. Wadannan Roman masana tarihi a su records yi magana da Wends da suke zaune a cikin Baltic yankuna. Bisa ga lokaci na rayuwa da jama'a Figures, da Slavs riga ya wanzu a karni na biyu AD.

Wadannan, wanda ya yi magana daga cikin wadannan guda Jĩkõki, sun kasance Prokopiy Kesariysky , kuma Priscus, Byzantine marubuci kuma masanin. Amma mafi cikakken bayani, wanda lãbãri zuwa doletopisnomu lokaci suna samuwa ne daga cikin Gothic tarihi Jordan.

Ya rahoton cewa Sklave - mai zaman kanta kabilar, wanda ya tsaya fita daga Veneto. A yankuna arewa na Vistula River (Wisla zamani) ya ambaci "da yawa mutane Veneti", wanda ya kasu kashi Antes da sklavenov. A farko rayu tare da Euxine Fantas (Black Sea) daga Danastra (Dniester) zuwa Danapra (Dnipro). Sklave aka sanaki Noviodunum (Iskach birni a kan Danube) zuwa Danastra da Vistula a arewa.

Saboda haka, a cikin shida karni AD, da magabatan da Slavs - Sklave riga ya rayu a ƙasashen Vistula da Dniester ga Danube. Daga baya daban-daban chroniclers zai ambaci wani fiye da m yanki na shiri na wadannan kabilu. Yana rufe ƙasa a tsakiya da gabashin Turai.

Ta yaya za a iya raba uku rassan da Slavic mutane? A makirci, wanda muka nakalto a sama, ya nuna cewa motsi ya zuwa arewa, kudu da gabas.

Da farko, da iyalan koma a cikin shugabanci na Black kuma Baltic Tekuna. Kamar wannan lokaci da aka bayyana a cikin Gothic tarihi Jordan. Next zuwa waɗannan ƙasashe mamaye da Avars da kuma raba guda yankin kabilu baya.

Domin ƙarni biyu (daga cikin shida zuwa takwas) suka zauna cikin gabashin tsaunukan da Alps da kuma fada cikin biyayya ga sarki Justinian II. Mun san wannan ne daga cikin nassoshi a cikin tarihin, wanda nufin da yaƙin neman zaɓe na Byzantine sojojin da Larabawa. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare daga cikin sojojin da ake magana a sklaviny.

A ƙarni na takwas, wadannan kabilu isa Balkan Larabawa a kudu da kuma a arewacin Lake Ladoga.

Kudu Slavs

A yammacin da kuma kudancin Slavs, kamar yadda muka gani, an kafa a daban-daban sau. A farkon wata conglomerate na kabilu rabu Antes, wanda ya tafi zuwa wajen gabas, a cikin shugabanci na Black Sea da Dnieper. Kawai a cikin ƙarni na takwas, wannan al'umma ta fara magance da Balkan Larabawa.

A tsari ne kamar haka. Wasu gabas da yamma, Slavic kabilan koma a search daga cikin mafi kyau a ƙasar kudu maso yammacin wajen Adriatic Sea.

Masana tarihi bambanta da wadannan kungiyoyin a cikin wannan hijirarsa: Obodrits (a Turai tarihin da aka sani a matsayin predenitsenty) Severtsev (sadarwar da 'yan Arewa), Serbs, Croats da sauransu. Amma, yana da kabilan da suka rayu tare da shakka na Danube River.

Saboda haka, tsoho Slavic al'ummai sun zama iko da karfi da cewa assimilated da kananan kungiyar na gida mazauna da kuma daga baya a yankin Balkans da kuma Adriatic Sea kafa a jihar.

Amma da motsi a kudu maso yammacin akwai wani daya-lokaci yaƙin neman zaɓe. Daban-daban bayarwa koma daga ta gudu, kuma ba quite a cikin shugabanci. Saboda haka, masu bincike gano uku kungiyoyin, wanda aka kafa a lokacin hijirarsa arewa maso yammacin (daga shi a nan gaba kafa Slovenes), gabas (na zamani Bulgarians kuma Makidoniya) da na turawa (Croats da Serbs).

kasashen yammacin turai

A magabata na Slavic mutane, wanda ko da Romawa sun san yadda za wends asali zaune ƙasashe na zamani Poland da kuma jera a Jamus. Daga baya a wannan ƙasa kafa wani babban rukuni na kabilu.

Yana hada da ƙasar daga cikin Elbe da gabaci da kuma daga Baltic zuwa Ore Mountains. Masu bincike raba wannan conglomeration cikin uku kungiyoyin bisa ga wurin zama.

Northwest kabilan aka kira bodrichi (reregi da Obodrits), ta Kudu - Sorbs (Yana kuma ya hada da wani bangare na Serbia) da kuma tsakiyar kungiyar - lutici (ko Veleta). Uku da aka ambata kasashe sun asali soja da kuma tribal shawararta. Wani lokaci dabam ce game da hudu al'umma. Its mambobi kira kansu Pomerania, kuma rayu a kan Baltic Coast.

A hankali, a sakamakon hijirarsa na Polabian Slavs a unoccupied ƙasashe kafa Yaren mutanen Poland, Silesian, Czech, kuma pomoryanskie lehitskie kabilu.

Saboda haka, kasashen yammaci da kuma kudancin Slavs bambanta a cewa tsohon tun asalinsu 'yan asalin wadannan yankuna, da kuma na biyu ya zo daga Danube da Adriatic Coast.

gabas Slavs

A cewar yammacin Turai tarihin, da aikin na tarihi na Roman Empire da Byzantine ayyukansu, da yankin Gabashin Slavs ko da yaushe dangantaka tare da tribal ƙungiyoyi Antes.

Kamar yadda muka sani daga shaida daga cikin Gothic tarihi Urdun, suka zauna a ƙasar gabas da Carpathian Mountains. Kuma Rumawa ce sake ma su matsugunni yanki kai da gaba da Dnieper.

Archaeological binciken sun yi daidai da wannan ra'ayi. Daga na biyu zuwa karni na hudu AD tsakanin Dnieper kuma Dniester akwai abin da ake kira Chernyakhovskaya al'adu.

Daga baya sai aka maye gurbinsu da wani Penkovskaya archaeological al'umma. Tsakanin wadannan al'adu akwai rata a cikin karni biyu, amma an yi imani da cewa irin wannan rata sa da assimilation wasu kabilu da sauransu.

Saboda haka, asalin da Slavic mutane ne sakamakon wani ingantaccen samuwar fi girma al'ummomi da dama kananan tribal ƙungiyoyi. Daga baya chroniclers na Kievan Rus zai samar da sunayen wadannan kungiyoyi: share drevlyans, Dregovichi, vyatichi da kuma sauran kabilu.

A cewar tsohon Rasha tarihin, saboda hade kungiyoyin na goma sha biyar gabashin Slavic kafa da kuma yadda iko na da ikon kamar yadda Kiev Rassi.

A halin yanzu halin da ake ciki

Saboda haka, za mu tattauna tare da ku abin da rassan suna raba Slavic al'ummai. Bugu da kari, za mu yi magana game da yadda ya aiwatar da shiri na kabilu da kudu da gabas.

Modern Slavic mutane ne dan kadan daban-daban daga kai tsaye kakanninsu. Sun hada da al'adunsu da tasirinsa kwafi kamar yadda makwabta kabilu, da kuma da yawa dan hanya invaders.

Ga misali, mafi yawan yankuna na Rasha Federation da yamma na Ukraine, da zarar wani ɓangare na Kievan Rus, 'yan ƙarni kasance a karkashin Mongol-Tatar karkiya. Saboda haka, a cikin yaruka da yawa sun hada da wajen samo daga Turkic harsuna. Har ila yau, wasu na gargajiya ado da rituals kantin sayar da kwafi da zãlunci da al'adunsu.

Kudu Slavs sun fi mayar an ya rinjayi Helenawa da Turks. Saboda haka, a karshen cikin labarin, za mu yi magana game da al'amuran addini. Da arna kabilan yau ne mabiya addinai daban daban na addinai.

Sosai cewa abin da rassan suna raba Slavic mutane, a zuriyarsu iya sani ba, amma kamar yadda mai mulkin, kowane sauki gane wa "yan'uwanmu countryman". Kudu Slavs al'ada tanned da yare da suke skips takamaiman phonemes cewa ne na musamman don wannan yankin. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki ne da zuriyar yammacin da kuma gabashin tribal ƙungiyoyi.

Saboda haka, abin da suke a yau a kasar ya zama gida ga daban-daban rassan da Slavic mutane?

Jihar na da Kudu Slavs

Modern Slavic suka zauna a cikin manyan sassa na Gabashi da Tsakiyar Turai. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayi na duniya na da wakilainsu za a iya samu a ko'ina a cikin duniya. Kuma da alama na mu haukan ne irin wannan cewa, bayan wani gajeren lokaci da makwabta suna fara fahimta da Slavic harsuna. Slavs yi ko da yaushe ya nema ya unsa baki da al'adunsu, da kadan kai-bayarwar a kan aiwatar da assimilation.

Don zamani Southern Slavs hada Slovenians da Montenegrins, Makidoniya da Bulgarians, Croats, Bosnians da Serbs. Yawancin wadannan mutane suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasa na nasu kasa jihohi, da suka hada da Bulgaria, Bosnia da Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Serbia da kuma Croatia.

Wannan shi ne ainihin wani yankin na Balkan Larabawa da kuma arewa-maso-gabashin ɓangare na Adriatic Coast.

Kudu Slavic al'ummai yau an ƙara motsi daga ra'ayin al'umma daga wadannan mutane, shigar da sabon iyali na Tarayyar Turai. Duk da haka, a 'yan shekarun da suka wuce akwai wani ƙoƙari na haifar da kowa kasar tare da wata alƙarya kunsha kawai na Kudu Slavs, amma shi ya gaza. A lokaci daya aka kira jihar {asar Yugoslavia.

Waje na kasa jihohin membobin wannan reshe na Slavic mutane, bisa ga} ididdigar, da yawa rayuka a Italiya, Hungary, Austria, Romania, Turkey, Albania, Girka da kuma Moldova.

Kasar yammacin Slavs

Tun ethnogeny Slavic mutane mafi yawa da ya faru da farko a kan ƙasa na zamani Poland da Jamus, da wakilan da suka Yammacin kabilu ne kusan ba a kawar da su daga gidãjensu.

Yau da zũriyarsu rayuwa a Poland, Jamus, Czech Republic da kuma Slovakia. A bisa ga al'ada, ethnologists ne mutane biyar, wanda ya kasance a cikin West Slavic reshe. Dogayen sanda, Czechs, Slovaks, kuma Sorbs Kashubes.

A farko uku kabilun rayuwa, yafi a kasashen tare da m sunayen, da kuma na karshe biyu - a wasu yankunan. Sorbs, da suka hada da mafi Wendy lugii da sorbitol, zauna cikin kududdufi. Wannan yanki ne zuwa kashi babba da ƙananan sassa, wanda aka located in Saxony da Brandenburg, bi da bi.

Kashubes ma zauna a ƙasar da aka sani da Kashubia. Yana da wani ɓangare na zamani Yaren mutanen Poland ta kasar. A unofficial babban birnin kasar na wannan al'umma ne birni na Kartuzy. Har ila yau, da yawa wakilan na wannan al'umma da aka samu a Gdynia.

Kashubia la'akari da kansu wata kabila, amma gane Yaren mutanen Poland dan kasa. A tsakiyarsa, sun kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin, dangane da inda suke zaune, fasali na kasa kaya, ayyuka da kuma aji bambance-bambance. Saboda haka, wasu daga cikinsu suna zaboryaki, parchanskaya gentry, gbury, taverns, gohi da sauran kungiyoyin.

Saboda haka, za mu iya cewa da tabbaci ba a yawancin kasashen yammaci Slavic mutane kamar yadda zai yiwu kiyaye kwastan. Wasu daga cikinsu ma har yanzu tsunduma a gargajiya crafts da cinikai, duk da haka, fiye da a yawon shakatawa janye.

Gabas Slavic iko

A zamani yankin gabashin Slavs tana nufin kasashe irin su Rasha, Ukraine da Belarus. Yau, wadannan kasashe za a iya ce ya zama, a cikin tsawon tsaka-tsaki. Kafin su al'ummai fuskantar za e: ya kasance aikata wa gargajiya hanyoyi na rayuwa, ko a je da hanyar da kudancin 'yan'uwansu, shan Yammacin dabi'u.

A sau daya-iko jihar - Kievan Rus ƙarshe canza kama zuwa kasashen uku. An kafa a kusa da birnin Moscow Moscow mulkinsa, kuma bayan da Rasha Empire. Kyiv sõyayya a kusa da wani gari na kabilu masu yawa daga Carpathians zuwa Don. Kuma Belarus ya kafa a gandun daji na Polesie. Bisa ga sunan yankin, wani muhimmin bangare ne na kasar ne sanaki zuriyar Polischuks da Pinchuk.

Addini daban-daban rassan da Slavs

Rasha Federation, Ukraine da Belarus - wani zamani yankin na gabashin Slavs. Ga mafi yawan jama'a nasa ne da Orthodox Kiristoci.

A ka'ida, da hukuma tashi daga kafirci ya faru a karni na goma, a lokacin da Kiev Prince Vladimir Veliky aka yi masa baftisma Rus. Amma a 1054 akwai wata babbar sãɓãni kawai sabõda cikin Kristanci, idan akwai raba Orthodox da Katolika bangaskiya. Eastern da kuma kudu-maso-gabashin kabilu kasance da aminci ga sarki na Konstantinoful, da yammacinta, kuma kudu maso yammacin zama magoya bayan Roman Katolika.

A wani batu a tarihi, wasu kungiyoyin na Kudu Slavs zuwa ga Musulunci. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa su asashe sun karkiyar Ottoman Empire. Ga 'yan'uwanmu Turks sun yi yawa daga ni'imõmin. Yau musulmai ne Gorani, Bosniaks, Pomaks, da kuma hauhawar Torbeshi.

Saboda haka, a cikin wannan takarda mun yi karatu da ethnogenesis na Slavic mutane, da kuma kuma yi magana game da rabo a cikin rassa uku. Bugu da kari, fahimtar abin da zamani kasashen kasance a cikin ƙasa shagaltar da ta kudanci, gabashi da yammaci kabilu.