A Jihar hermitage Museum. Hermitage (St. Petersburg): wani tarin zane-zane

Abin da wuraren mafi akai-akai ziyarci ta yawon bude ido, ya yada zango a St. Petersburg? Hermitage, Kunstkamera da jirgin ruwa na soja "Aurora".

A hermitage ne na musamman?

Yana da duniya ta most art da al'adu-tarihi gidan kayan gargajiya. Ya kuma sanannu ne kuma rare kamar yadda LOUVRE, dakin tarihi na Birtaniya da kuma Metropolitan Museum. A Jihar hermitage riko da miliyan 3 farfado, ciki har da zane-zane kadai, akwai dubu 15. An kiyasta cewa, idan aka ba wa kowane abu a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya ne kawai 1 minti daya, sa'an nan zuwa ga duk collections na hermitage bukatar ... 8 shekaru! Kuma shi ne ba kawai ga m farfado, amma wucin gadi nune-nunen. Hermitage kuma shirya wani dozin na wadannan kowane wata. Kuma duk corridor tsawon ne 20 km. Amma babban haskaka daga wannan gidan kayan gargajiya ne ba a kan sikelin da kuma ba da yawan adana tarihi abubuwa, da kuma cewa akwai mutane da yawa na asali Masterpieces na duniya zanen da sauran art siffofin.

Ina da shi ne?

Location Museum - a kan Palace Embankment. A Jihar hermitage - wani hadadden na biyar gine-gine (na Winter Palace, da New hermitage, Grand hermitage, da Kananan hermitage da hermitage wasan kwaikwayo). The main ƙofar aka located a Palace Square, 2.

jadawalin

A Jihar hermitage yana so ya karbi baƙi daga Talata zuwa Lahadi, lokacin da na fara a 10.30. Karshen aikin - 18.00, amma a ranar Laraba - 21,00. Rana kashe - Litinin. Amma rubutu: tsabar kudi tasha sayar da tikiti sa'a kafin rufe. Yana da kyau a shirya wani kari ta hanyar da hermitage a cikin sa'o'i kafin abincin rana da kuma a kan weekdays - m mutane. Amma a karshen mako, wani lokacin kana bukatar ka tsaya a layi na kimanin awa daya.

tikitin farashin

Tikitoci a hermitage ne in mun gwada m. Ga 'yan kasa na Rasha da farashin zai zama 100 rubles, fansho, dalibai da kuma yara -. Free. Baƙi zai biya 350 rubles. Amma kowane farko Alhamis na watan - free rana ga kowa da kowa.

Tarihi na halitta

A 1764 Catherine Mai girma sayi 225 zane-zane daga tarin na Jamus m Yohanna Gotskovskogo. Wannan tarin aka tsara don King Frederick II na Prussia, amma saboda kudi matsaloli, ba ya iya fanshe shi. Enterprising m ya miƙa yi da Rasha empress, kuma ta amince ba tare da jinkirin, domin nuna kashe a gaban wata Jamus monarch. Tun Gotskovsky bai da zurfi ilimi a fagen fasaha, da tarin hada da zane-zane da wajen mediocre (a kwatanta da wadanda suka zo daga baya). Waɗannan su ne yafi ayyukan hannuwanku na Dutch da Flemish Masters, kazalika da wasu ayyuka da Italian artists na XVII karni. Kuma daga gare su ne samfurin na Khalsa da garun.

Wannan shekara (1764 th), kuma an dauki cikin shekara na kafuwar hermitage, ko da yake gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin zamani ma'anarta bai wanzu ba. Bayan shekaru biyar, da saye da aka kamar haka: 600 zane-zane daga masu zaman kansu tarin Count von Bruhl. Akwai m farfado: "Vertical na wani Old Man a Red" Rembrandt, "Perseus da Andromeda" by Rubens da sauransu.

Wani 400 zane-zane sayo ta Faransa tara Pierre Crozat. Kamar wancan ne a St. Petersburg sun "Tsarki Family" da Raphael, "Judith" by Giorgione, "Danae" Titian ta "Vertical na Infanta Isabella baranya" Rubens, "Kai hoto" by Van Dyck.

Don Catherine ta saye da Masterpieces na duniya art da fari ya siyasa karimcin nuna cewa Rasha Empire - ɓullo da kuma wadanda ba matalauta kasa da za su iya da irin wannan alatu. A 1774, a cikin mallaki Empress ya 2080 hotuna, amma bai raba su. Don wannan lokaci ne da mulkin shahara magana da Catherine cewa shi da tafi bata sha'awa, kuma shi ne kawai linzamin kwamfuta. Ko da yake daga baya samun damar gallery da aka bude, amma ta musamman izni.

Daga baya hermitage samu dukiya cire daga gidajen qasaita na nobility da sauran sarakunan. Museum bayansa da masu zaman kansu collections na Yusupov, Stroganov, Sheremetev. Sauran cibiyoyin canjawa wuri su farfado da hermitage.

The tarin zane-zane

Godiya ga farfado da hermitage, yana yiwuwa a gano da tarihi na duniya art da kuma ganin yadda ɓullo da ma'adanin na Ingila, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Italy, France da kuma sauran ƙasashe. Alal misali, a cikin taron wakilta kawai 7000 zane-zane ta hanyar Turai artists daga tsakiyar zamanai da kuma kawo karshen tare da na karshe karni. Bayan da m nuni, akwai kuma wucin gadi nune-nunen. Hermitage ne m adana m al'adu na baya, saboda haka wasu samfurori ne bude ga jama'a damar kawai 'yan makonni na shekara domin su tsare.

Majami'un of Western art ado a na shekara-shekara da kuma Gwargwadon akai, wato, a daya tattara ayyukan da painters takamaiman kasar domin wani qayyadadden lokaci. Alal misali, a gallery na Italian zanen XIII-XVIII ƙarni iya fariya irin wannan Masterpieces a matsayin "The Gaske Shelar" ta Simone Martini, "Madonna Benua" da "Madonna Litta" Leonardo Vinci ta "The Holy Family" da Raphael.

Sosai arziki lãbãri daga cikin Flemish lafiya art XVII-XVIII ƙarni. The girman kai na tarin - 32 zane-zane ta hanyar Rubens ( "The Union of Duniya da Ruwa", "Bacchus" da kuma manyan monumental da kuma na ado hawan keke), 24 ayyukansa na almajiri Van Dyck ( "Kai").

A cikin gallery na Spanish zanen XV - farkon XVIII karni zane-zane adana El Greco ( "The Manzanni Bitrus da Bulus"), Velazquez ( "karin kumallo"), de Goya ( "Vertical na Actress Antonia Zarate"). Yana yiwuwa don tsayar da ci gaban Gothic da idon basira nufi da karavadzhizma.

Exceptionally m tarin zane-zane (game da 1000) da Dutch artists, ciki har da farkon da kuma marigayi Rembrandt.

Kamar yadda tartsatsi kamar yadda a cikin hermitage, English zanen bayar fãce a cikin UK kanta. Sosai ba da marmarin aikin kotun hoto. Daya daga cikin duniya-sanannen zane-zane ne "Vertical na wani Lady a Blue" by Thomas Gainsborough.

A nuni zauren na zanen Faransa XV-XVIII ƙarni, mafi muhimmanci wuri ne shagaltar da goga classicist Nikola Pussena. A tarin ayyukan da biyu da rabi na XIX - XX karni da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau a duniya. Sa'an nan kuma akwai shahararren impressionist Monet ( "Lady a cikin Aljanna", "Waterloo Bridge") da kuma Renoir ( "Girl tare da wani Fan"), da kuma Degas ( "Concorde"). The girman kai na tarin - 38 gaskensu da kuma 31 Matisse - Picasso.

Highlights da master na Berlin da kuma Munich makarantu a cikin zauren na Jamus art. Har ila yau, ja hankalin yaƙi zane-zane da kishin Patriotic War of 1812 da kuma aikin Frederick a Romantic style.

Kwanan nan, cikin Jihar hermitage sayi "Black Square" da Malevich. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Rasha art na baya karni.

Mene ne ƙarshe? Za ka iya gaya lokaci mai tsawo da kuma game da gine-gine da Monuments, sculptures da kuma game da hermitage. Amma don karanta game da Masterpieces na zanen ne da yawa kasa fun fiye da jin dadin wani kyakkyawan ganin an. Saboda haka wajibi ne ba tare da jinkirin je da kuma saya tikiti zuwa hermitage ga dukan iyali. Yana zai zama m.