Zarubintsy al'ada: asalin, tarihi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A cikin 'yan shekaru da shi ya fara nuna babban sha'awa a cikin Slavic asalinsu. Biyu tambayoyi bukatar da za a warware: ko za a wannan mutane a kan Turai ƙasa a sakamakon hijirarsa ko kabila da aka kafa a kan tushen da wani shagaltar da ƙasa na 'yan asalin kabilar?

A ka'idar yan asali

Daga cikin daban-daban versions ka'idar autochthonous yanzu Marinjãyi. A cewar ta, kabilan mamaye yankin na Vistula da gabaci da Dnieper River, kuma shi ne da tsoho Slavs. Daga baya da suka watsu cikin arewa da kuma kudu ya gano samuwar daban-daban Slavic al'ummai.

Nazarin al'amarin da binciken burbushin, musamman Gerasimov jãyayya da cewa bayyanar mutane da suka rayu a wannan ƙasa, kusan canzawa. A nazarin rufe lokacin daga farko Millennium BC (da Scythians) zuwa ga Chernyakhov al'adu, da kuma a kan up zuwa XVII karni Rasha.

A matsayin dukan al'adun iya bayyana ba zato ba tsammani, har ma a sakamakon hijirarsa, a can ya zama cikin Jigo na ta forming. A wannan batun, shi zai zama abin sha'awa ga la'akari da 'yan tambayoyi:

1. Shin, akwai wani mai mika mulki daga Scythians ga Slavonic Chernyakhov al'adu, wanda aka gane a matsayin share fagen na Kievan Rus?
2. Mene ne Chernyakhov al'ada, wanda ya rinjayi da samuwar da kuma rushe a ta a baya Zarubintsy al'ada?
3. Mene ne kayayyakin gargajiya samu a kan batun.
4. Legacy Zarubintsy al'adu.

Scythians

A Girkanci kafofin Scythia aka kaddamarda kamar yadda matabbata wannan mutane (Scythian). Mutane da yawa versions na ya dawo a cikin ƙasa da abin da muka yi sha'awa, za mu ƙetare. Bisa ga shaidar Herodotus, za mu iya shakka ce shi ne Marinjãyi al'adun shugabanni (siyasa), da m sojojin (dabarun mãsu bãyar da bãya Scythians kasance a gabãninsa, ba a sani ba ga Helenawa) da kuma tsarin bauta, kuma binne (addini).

Zarubintsy al'adun asalin ne daga bacewar na Scythians. Rybakov ya rubuta game da search for Slav daga cikin Scythian mulki, wanda ya fara a cikin XVII karni. Sa'an nan wani ya yi tunanin Scythian magabatan da Slavs. Amma a cikin XIX karni shi da aka samu Iran asalin na Scythians, kuma poblema search Slav ya sake tashi.

A bincike da aka karkata zuwa ga wanzuwar Scythian lokaci a cikin tarihi na Slav. A sashi na Slavic kumar kasko ma'anar sake ma su matsugunni Proto-Slavic kabilu a nuna na mu zamanin. Yana daidai da ƙasa na mu sha'awa.

Masunta fi son zuwa ƙetare shawara na Chernyakhov al'ada saboda da hijirarsa daga al'ummai da mamayewa na ta a lokacin da ya kasance a shirye. Ya yi imanin cewa, mafi shaida iya samar kafin Zarubintsy al'adu.

A cikin "Lay" da aka ambata a cikin heyday na Slavs. Wannan lokaci da aka kira "Troyan ƙarni." Sale burodi da Roma kawo kwanciyar hankali. Ci gaba craft. Abin baƙin ciki, da mamayewa na Huns da karfi shigo da na Roman dukiya wuya domin sanin kabilanci Take.

Zarubintsy da Chernyakhovskaya archaeological al'ada

Archaeologists gudanar da tono kusa da kauyen Zarubintsy, cremated saura samu da kuma gano alamun al'adu, da ake kira da wuri Zarubintsy. Shi ne na kowa a cikin Iron Age tare tsakiyar kai na cikin Dnieper. Ta asalin ne m. Akwai ra'ayoyi biyu a kan kabilu da cewa halitta shi: wasu masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni su pre-Slavic, Jamus da sauran.

Finds nema a mayar da lokacin fara daga karni na biyu BC zuwa da zato na biyu karni AD. Next al'adu ne assimilated da kuma diffused. Ta a wannan yanki ya maye gurbin Chernyakhovskaya, wanda aka dauke da Slavic. Daga wannan Kiev al'adu da aka haife. A wannan hangen zaman gaba shi ne ban sha'awa to la'akari da abin da kimiyya ce.

Ilimi: Tarihi. Zarubintsy al'ada

A lokacin, akwai isasshen versions game da asalin wannan al'ada. Kamar yadda zamani tarihi, shi ya ci gaba kamar yadda wani kira na dama al'adu: Scythian ploughmen, wanda ya rayu a cikin gandun daji zone, milagrad da suka rayu quite vaguely a yankin da kuma zo da Povisleniya kabilu. Suka kawo al'ada podkleshnevyh burials da Pomeranian.

The hukuma version, nuna a cikin litattafan, irin sakamakon da ya tabbatar da kama na archaeological Finds:

• tukwane da uniformity alamu;
• wannan irin kayan aikin.
• na zama da kasuwanci da gine-gine.

Tono sun tabbatar da cewa hanyar hijirarsa ya fadada daga cikin Celts. Da suka je wa arewa na Carpathians da kuma yaduwar a yankin podkleshnevyh burials. Wannan ya haddasa motsi na manyan kungiyoyin na yawan Povisleniya da Gabas.

noma

Salon da aka bisa aikin noma. Su nome da katako bindigogi. Kiyaye su da wani ban sha'awa misali da wannan m Rahl. Yana da aka gano a kusa da hagu tributary da Pripyat. Made daga itacen oak ganga tare da janye da ake so kwana Sook, wanda bayan aiki ya zama wani lebur gryadil.

A tsawon dukan gun - game da biyu da rabi mita, da tsawon da darjewa kadan fiye da rabin mita. Wannan version na Scythian Rahl ga haske kasa. Taimaka garma dawakai, ko da shanu. Bayan shuka sha'ir, gero, alkama, taushi da alkama da wani Dwarf. Karin abinci kabeji da Rama da hemp. A arewacin yankunan Zarubintsy al'adu ne halin da canjawa namo.

Dabbobi ne a gauraye garken shanu, awaki, tumaki, da aladu, da dawakai, da na bijimai kasa. Kare ƙasũsuwa samu a cikin ƙauyuka, da shawara da taimako a cikin farauta domin Jawo-qazanta dabbobi.

Farauta Elk, barewa, daji boar, bison. Kadan na kowa ne, ƙashi na daga cikin bear da barewa. Fur ya na musamman kama kifi alama don kasuwanci.

Fishing da taro ba mai yawa, ko da yake amfani da mai amfani da masana'antu.

clothes

Saboda da al'adar ƙonawa da aka kiyaye su samfurori da tufafi. Amma ta karfe sassa da kuma kayan ado, kazalika da wani image simintin a karfe, mutane na cewa lokaci ba da damar ka sake da surar mutum Zarubintsy al'adu.

Trayanova shafi located a Roma, ya ƙunshi images of maza da mata ado kamar zarubintsy. A wannan lokacin da Roman Empire nasara Dacia, kusa da yankin ƙasar da Dnieper. Shi ne wani aiki ciniki kuma akwai kowane dalili ya ɗauka cewa da mutane wanda aka nuna - zarubintsy.

Men sa wando - Postol ko pistons - sewn fata. Lilin wando - tashoshin jiragen ruwa - sawa a kullum. T da kuma mata da maza sa rigar lilin, zilaikar. Amfani da shirye-shiryen bidiyo, Pin for attaching su.

Mace wuka gashi a wurin aiki. M yanke ba su da size da kuma siffanta abubuwa a kan adadi da taimakon yawa tagulla clubs. Fashion suka shiga Celts, wanda ya fara da farko a Turai, don samar da baƙin ƙarfe.

metalwork

Ba kawai fashion dari bazu ko'ina Turai. Celtic makamai ma fiye samu ya furci. Da takuba, da garkuwoyi, da makamai ƙirƙira, karfe core (a fili majayijawa). Kama kayan doki abubuwa da hari. A general, karfe makamai ne rare. Tips ĩkon tasarrufi a sauran iri.

Domin Zarubintsy al'adun halayyar kawai m makami - don haka da cewa shi ne ma dace saboda farauta da yaki. Professional kayan aiki samu daga baya, a wannan zamanin na cikin Chernyakhov. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa makami na Chernyakhov al'ada ne zuwa kashi biyu iri: yãƙi - gatura, takuba da garkuwoyi - da kuma gida. Untrained mutum ba zai iya jimre fama makamai views. Wannan ya nuna gaban Chernyakhov-aji kwararru warriors.

Ferrules for plows ma faruwa, da gatura da fastening rike baƙin ƙarfe ƙusa kuma an samu a cikin kaburbura. A fili, tama bayar marshy yankunan. baƙin ƙarfe ingancin ya matalauta, bloomery.

Kuna hukunta da Finds na slag, kusan kowane kauye na baƙin ƙarfe. Daga baya specialization ya haddasa fitowan da irin Lyutezhskogo ƙauyuka. Akwai wadãtar da tama da smelleded a Tanderu. An yi imani da cewa a lokacin kakar kauyen iya smelt har zuwa ɗaya da ɗari kilo na baƙin ƙarfe.

tukwane

Feature karfe chernoloschenye yumbu stoneware. Domin su masana'antu Hanyar wanzu haka ya kira ruwan zafi a lokacin da samfurin da aka nutsa cikin wani dumi bayani na gari. A sakamakon haka shi da wani duhu surface.

Manufacturing yumbu gudanar via karin kansu, a raba kasafi craft ya ba ya faru. Yana amfani da mafi yawa stucco dabara. Da kullum da aka za'ayi via wani da'irar kore makamai. Akwai na'urorin cewa smoothes surface. Suka sanya daga ƙasũsuwa. Fata Loshchilov lazimta a musamman smoothness. Iska bushe, kuma calcined Kostrov Hanyar.

Smooth jita-jita bauta mafi daraja nufi - wani al'ada ko cin abinci dakin. Neloschenaya - for kitchen amfani. Akwai sun kasance yawa m tasoshin kamar tukwane. Daga cikin su - zagaye da ribbed. A tsakiyar kai na da Dnieper samu conical murfi da wani m rike. Wadannan Scythians amfani.

A saba kitchen kayayyakinsa aka zarubintsev lãka pans na da wuri. Ado tukwane, kamar vases, da tuluna, da kofuna waɗanda, tari faruwa da yawa kasa akai-akai.

burials

Zarubintsy al'ada da ake kira da al'adun akwatin jefa kuri'a burials. A filin inda cikin m binne zauna dab da matabbatarsu. All makabartun beskurgannye. A lokacin da rami da muka samu cewa suna da baya kaddamarda ginshikan.

M rami cike free daga bukukuwan kona kasũsuwa, ashe, yawanci sanya a takardar za ~ en akwatin. Ƙonawa da aka gudanar a 'yan bãya daga cikin hurumi. Amma akwai burials.

The kaburbura ragowar tsakiyar Dnieper jana'izar abinci - unburned ƙashi na daga aladu, da tumaki, da shanu. Yana da wani al'ada na Scythian binne. A cikin manya kai na da Dnieper akwai kawai ya zama ruwan dare lokuta na dabba ƙasũsuwa.

Kaya samu a makabarta ne kumar kasko, na sirri amfani da abubuwa (kayan ado, da tufafi, daki-daki) da kuma kasa - sickles da gatura, lãka dogara sanda whorls.

gidaje

Yankuna daban-daban Have unequal shiri gidajensu. Daga rabin-dugouts, wanda aka binne shi a mita zuwa ƙasa gine-gine tare da zurfin rabin mita bene tare da wicker kuma an rufe shi da lãka katangu. A Verhnedneprovsk ƙasa zaune ƙauyuka da aka gina a kan dogayen sanda.

A na kowa nau'i na jima'i wani quadrangle. By yanki - 20 murabba'in mita. Gabled thatched rufin rufe da laka sau da yawa. Hearth bauta mai tsanani, kuma ya ba da damar ka dafa. Sun sanya shi a kan bango, amma akwai misalai na wuri a tsakiyar daga cikin gidaje.

Ban sha'awa m cellar amfani domin ajiya. Suna iya zama duka biyu ciki da waje da dukiya. Su aka rufe da saka hula, ya rufe tare da lãka.

Rami ƙauyuka Hotomel yawa bude a al'amura zarubintsev rayuwa. Yana da aka excavated tudun dab da shi ƙauyuka da kuma binne. A gaskiya, shi ya cikin tawagar kauye, masu garu wucin gadi itatuwa da kuma firam da marshy natsuwa da kogin.

Akwai aji tsarin da ya faru m retainers da kuma ma'aikata Alƙaryu. An yi imani da cewa wannan kauyen ne kamar mulkin gargajiya castle.

Zarubintsy archaeological al'ada, saboda haka, shi ne miƙa mulki lokaci daga Scythians ga Slavic al'ada Kiev. Pozdnezarubinetskuyu rarrabe halittarsa, amma shi ne mafi alhẽri kira shi postzarubinetskoy - ya halartar haka da yawa canje-canje da cewa form a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da waje.