Zhostovo zanen. Abubuwa Zhostovo zanen. Zhostovo factory ado zane

Mamakin iri-iri da kuma launuka iri-iri, splashing a farfajiya na baki ko canza launin trays Zhostovo zanen siffofin da wani haske na fure alamu, ado da kyau bayani. Fine fure, da mulufi poppies, daisies sauki da kuma m cornflowers, peonies da pompous annuri aster a hade tare da ba a sani ba amma babu kasa kyawawan furanni. Birds da kuma malam, wani iri-iri berries da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa kama da rayuwa a cikin wannan sauki, yau da kullum abubuwa kamar farantansa. Nawa kada ka nemi, ba za ka sami wani daga cikin wannan tire - kowane daya ne na musamman! Ina muka zo da irin wannan fasaha, kamar yadda aikata irin abubuwan ban al'ajabi, inda za ka iya daukar darussa Zhostovo zanen? Game da wannan kuma game da siffofin da zanen a kan karfe, halayyar artists daga Moscow Zhostovo, wannan labarin zai gaya.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na lacquer zanen

A farkon, bisa ga tarihi da kuma archaeological data, sun ƙware ma'adanin na lacquer zanen Sin. Da dubban shekaru da suka wuce a lokacin da Shang Yin, Sin mazauna ado lacquer zane-zane da iyalinsa kayayyakin da yau da kullum abubuwa, da makamai da kuma al'ada tasoshin.

Bayan da kasar Sin lacquer zanen art nasara kasashen Indochina, Farisa da Indiya, Japan da kuma Korea. A kowane daga cikin yankuna na lacquer zanen dabara raya da kansa, dangane da hadisai na gargajiya, amma kuma ta yi aron da gwaninta na artists daga wasu ƙasashe.

Kamar yadda lacquer zanen zo zuwa Rasha?

Turai Kasuwanci a XVI-XVII ƙarni, cinikayya tare da kasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya, ya kawo ban mamaki misalai na fentin lacquerware zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Wahayi zuwa gare ta kyakkyawa da asali na iri-iri a cikin tsari da manufar Gabas abubuwa, ado da lacquered images, master na da yawa kasashen Turai suna fara yi da kuma ado da dama abubuwa a cikin "kasar Sin" style.

Tsanani ci gaban batutuwa samarwa, lacquer ado da zane-zane, a kasashen Turai kamar Holland, England, Germany da France, ya faru ne kawai a cikin XVIII karni.

Ural industrialist Nikita Akinfievich Demidov tafiya a baje a Turai, inda ya zama sha'awar da ra'ayin lacquer zanen. A 1778, a cikin Urals, Nizhny Tagil, Urals fara fito fili kama kifi flower zanen a kan karfe.

Aukuwa Zhostovo varnish zanen a kan Metal

Sanya a cikin Urals da kuma ado da lacquer fentin karfe ƙirãza, da farantansa, jugs da buckets, da sauran yau da kullum abubuwa da aka sayar ba kawai a cikin gida da kuma Irbit bikin Krestovskaya, amma kuma a kan National Makarevskoy adalci a Nizhny Novgorod.

Zai yiwu shi ne a nan gani kayayyakin Ural Masters wahayi zuwa 'yan'uwa Vishnjakova a lacquer fentin karfe farantansa. Vishnjakova iyali kasuwanci tun 1825 ɓullo da yafi a matsayin lacquer zanen daban-daban kayayyakin da aka yi da papier-mache - snuff kwalaye, taba lokuta, albums, sugar tasa da kuma kwalaye.

Tun 1830, mafi yawan shagunan dake a cikin kauyuka na Triniti Ikklesiya, kamar Triniti, Khlebnikov da Zhostovo daina nuna abubuwa sanya na papier-mache, da switched ga samar da fentin karfe farantansa.

Da kusanci zuwa ga babban birnin kasar na kama kifi a yarda a yi ba tare da shamaki ba, kuma suna da wani kwari kasuwar, kazalika da araha saya da zama dole kayan.

Tarihi na cinikayya ci gaba

An fara tare da 30-ies na XIX karni yi da kuma ado lacquered trays daga karfe karfe a kusan duk ƙauyukanta. A wannan lokaci Zhostovo zanen samu ganiya da shahararsa. A cikin shekaru bayan juyin juya hali da bukatar kayayyakin Zhostovo Masters fadi sharply, manyan ga daidaituwa na disparate artists a kananan sana'a m.

A 1928, duk da kananan m Triniti Mai Tsarki, Novosiltsev Zhostovo da sauran garuruwa zo tare a wani musamman m "Metallopodnos" tare da kula da cibiyar a Zhostovo.

A mafi wuya lokaci domin Zhostovo zanen, kamar yadda a mafi yawan sauran handicrafts, karfe 40-50s na karshe karni. Sai a wannan lokaci ne muhimmanci rage saki farantansa, amma shi ne sau da yawa ya karu da samar da ba-core kama kifi yara kayayyakin. Zhostovo zanen yara - ne kananan katako, kuma karfe da tire, buckets da manyan cokula, ado da mutum abubuwa.

zamani tarihi

Khrushchev ta "narke" sanya wani m bambanci a cikin rayuwar kama kifi. A shekarar 1960, da m "Metallopodnos" da aka sake tsarafa kuma samu ta ba da sunan - Zhostovo factory na ado zanen. Hankali daga gwamnati, da aiki da haɗin gwiwar na shugabanninmu da malaman tsunduma a daban-daban duka biyu cikin gida da kuma waje nune-nunen yarda da sana'ar kamun kifaye su fita ne daga dogon lokacin rikicin.

Yau ma'aikata ke rayayye aiki, ayyukan marubucin ma'aikata su ta artists ƙawata expositions na da yawa gidajen tarihi a duniya, kazalika da gida na shahararren Figures na al'adu, kimiyya da siyasa.

Features na samuwar

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, Zhostovo zanen ɓullo da a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da Ural flower zanen a kan karfe. Amma Zhostovo Masters asali sarrafa da kuma Popular daban-daban abubuwa sanya na papier-mache, sun iya canja wurin duk da fasaha binciken a kan karfe farantansa. Domin su dasu, sun yi amfani da nasu qagaggun, kazalika da musamman copal varnish.

Babu kasa tasiri a kan ci gaban da kamun kifi da kuma yana da kusa cibiyar lukutinskih lacquer miniatures. Domin kara stylistic samuwar Zhostovo zanen rinjayi Rostov enamel da kuma na fure motifs Ivanovo auduga kwafi, kuma ain zanen, aka yi a kan kewayen birni masana'antu.

Daga abin da kuma yadda za a yi da farantansa?

Modern Zhostov trays ake yi a hanyoyi biyu: da stamping kuma sunã ƙirƙirãwa.

Saboda al'ada sheet karfe a kan musamman inji presses yi guraben for trays misali siffofi da kuma masu girma dabam. Next, a wani lantarki tura ta wajen musamman kyawon tsayuwa da hada hatimi kwashe seaming gefuna - interlining. A dutsen ado tire zama m, da yake riƙe su mirgina.

Artists Zhostovo zanen iya aiki ba kawai tare da misali trays siffofin. Su zabi akwai 26 da misali siffofin daga wanda ya zabi mafi dace zane. Sa'an nan, idan shi ne na musamman, a cikin hanyar da aka dauka farrier (maƙeri), ƙera ƙirƙira tire. Don wannan karshen, da dama karfe zanen gado tare da hannunka almakashi yanke sashi, wanda daga baya, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da guduma ne ja da buga. Lokacin da seaming baki sa a tire musamman wayoyi, wanda ya samar da da ƙarfi, sa'an nan kuma tsara a layi kanta guduma baki.

Kamar yadda trays aka shirya zanen?

Da zarar da farantansa aka samu siffar da seamed, suna primed bangarorin biyu putty kunshi alli, diluted a bushewa man fetur. Da zarar primed tire bushe a wani musamman tanda, master gruntovschik polishing da surface da sandpaper, sa'an nan ya shafi wani Layer na putty. A baya can tire rufe biyu baki share fage Layer kunshi kaolin lãka, kananzir, Dutch toka da kuma man fetur. Kowane Layer aka bushe da hankali goge. Yau, da gargajiya hanya na share fage da aka ba amfani, da ake amfani maimakon lalata daga sprinkler factory ruwan kasa gona. Bayan bushewa primed shpaklyuyut tire da kuma bushe. Sa'an nan putty tire da hannu goge tare da wani pumice dutse.

Kawai sai aka yi amfani da uwa da tire baki fenti a kan tushen da turpentine, da kuma bayan bushewa da shi sau daya a cikin 2-3 yadudduka mai rufi baki mai varnish. A bushe da peeled tire isar da artist a kan zanen.

Yadda yi masu launin dabam a trays?

Zhostovo factory ado zanen, ban da na gargajiya trays da baki bango, ƙera kayayyakin, wanda suke ja, blue, kore da kuma shudi dabam-dabam. Don ƙirƙirar su a kan tire surface wani bakin ciki Layer na lacquer haske. Har shi bushe, yayyafa shi da tagulla, ko aluminum foda. Da zarar metallized bango ne bushe, fenti da shi launin da kake so lessirovochnomu Paints, game da shi, samar da tsanani da kuma full-bodied, amma a lokaci guda a shimmering, kamar translucent bango.

Zanen a kan wani launi bango bukatar wani canji na launi a matsayin siffofin da kuma dabaru. Saboda haka, kawai dan kadan kaddamarda tsananin haske da kuma inuwa kadan kõma.

Art zanen Zhostovo tire

Zhostovo sana'a yi musamman kurege zanen goge da kuma fenti diluted da turpentine da linseed man fetur. Kowane artist ne lokaci guda aiki a kan da dama kayayyakin. Don samu da ado amfani da fari Paint tare da varnish (gulfarba), yayyafa da foda na aluminum, ko abin da ake kira melted zinariya - diluted a turpentine ko m lacquer zinariya foda.

Zhostovo zanen da aka yi a matakai biyu: zamalevka da poise. A mataki zamalevki m goga artist fa, tã da babban silhouette abun da ke ciki a kan aiki surface na tire. Domin da aiwatar amfani tsarma (razbelennye) Paints. Sa'an nan tire zamalevkoy amfani bushe for 12 hours a wani bushewa hukuma.

Bayan nan, da maigida yana farawa kuma fa, tã hali na mai haske yankunan, ya dora masu launin inuwa da tsananin haske ya furta cewa goya girma daga cikin abun da ke ciki. Stamens furanni da kuma bar zane silhouetted bakin ciki Lines. Major abubuwa Zhostovo zanen, kamar manyan furanni, hade da karami mai tushe, da ciyawa da kuma sauran sassa na abun da ke ciki. The latest yarjejeniyar ado a kan jirgin.

Gama aikin uku goge tare da varnish da bushe a dafuwa, sa'an nan da hannu otpolirovyvayut surface zuwa wani madubi gama.

Basic zanen motifs

Mafi sau da yawa Zhostovo artists yi sauki flower shirye-shirye a cikin nau'i na bouquets, wanda rhythmically alternating manyan lambu da kuma wani karamin wildflowers. Yawanci, da tushen da abun da ke ciki ne 'yan manyan furanni kamar fure, aster, peony, dahlia da Tulip kewaye da wani watsi da kananan furanni da kuma buds da juna da bakin ciki mai tushe, rassan da ganyayyakin, Bugu da kari ga manyan lambu furanni, wasu artists kawo ga fore da abun da ke ciki suna fadin violets, furannin bi-rana, bindweed ko pansies.

Bouquets kamar lambu da kuma daji da furanni za a iya supplemented da siffar 'ya'yan itace, berries, da tsuntsaye da kuma malam. Wani lokaci painters labarun trays kawai har yanzu lifes na 'ya'yan itace ko hõre nunannun' berries kamar Rowan.

Bugu da kari ga flower shirye-shirye, da kuma labarin da aka halitta Zhostovo zanen, a photo wanda za ka iya gani a kasa. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ya siffanta scenes daga rayuwar talakawa mutane, shimfidar wuri, shimfidar, kazalika da doki uku. By kuma manyan, Zhostovo zanen (hotuna aka gabatar a cikin labarin) - da gaske ne an art.

Ma'ana yana nufin Zhostovo aiyuka Arts

Da farko, da abun da ke ciki na trays da aka dauka daga zane-zane, amma da fassarar kowane artist da nasa. Yau Masters yi yanzu gargajiya qagaggun, amma kuma nemi su sami sababbi.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin kowane aikin Zhostovo zanen qagaggun ana rubũtacce a wani jirgin saman kuma suna da alaka ta samar da wata tire, su daidai canjawa wuri matukar zurfi da girma kõma abubuwa. Hanya mai muhimmanci wajen magana Zhostovo art ne rhythmic da kuma launi ma'auni na hoto.

Zan iya koyi?

Koyi abin da Zhostovo zanen, da yadda za a zana a wannan dabara, yana yiwuwa a cikin Zhostovo. A factory, da samfurin wanda shi ne sanannen a duk faɗin duniya, a can suna shiryar da Tours na gidan kayan gargajiya farantansa, da master azuzuwan a jawo lacquer. Kusan kowace birni yana da wani tafiya hukumar miƙa tafiye-tafiye zuwa factory, inda za ka ga yadda za a yi Zhostovo zanen. Jagora aji a kan shi ne ma ya samar da shirin. Yawon shakatawa zuwa Zhostovo za a iya shirya da kansa, pre-lamba tare da wani gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma kara sa'o'i na aiki.