Livonian War 1558-1583 shekaru ya zama daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci kamfen na sau na Ivana Groznogo. Kuma duk da XVI karni, watakila.
Livonian War: takaice kan gabatarwa
Bayan da babban Muscovite tsar ya iya cinye Kazan da kuma Astrakhan Khanate, Ivan IV ya juya, ya da hankali ga Baltic ƙasashe da Baltic Sea. The kama daga wadannan yankuna na Moscow mulki zai nufin alamar damar kasuwanci a cikin Baltic. A lokaci guda, suka zauna a can riga da Jamusanci m da Livonian Order da aka musamman disadvantageous don ba da damar sabon fafatawa a gasa zuwa yankin. Resolution na wadannan saba wa juna, kuma ya zama da Livonian War. Brief ambaci ya kamata a yi game da m dalilin da shi. Sun yi aiki a matsayin maras biyan haraji da Livonian Order, wanda da bautarsa na Dorpat aka zamar masa dole ya biya a cikin ni'imar Moscow bisa ga yarjejeniyar a 1554. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, wannan gandu ya wanzu tun farkon na XVI karni. Duk da haka, a yi game da shi ga wani dogon lokaci ba a tuna. Kawai tare da ƙarin tsanani daga cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin jam'iyyun, Ivan Grozny amfani da wannan al'amari a matsayin gaskata ga Rasha mamayewa a cikin Baltic Sea.
Livonian War: takaice game da vicissitudes da rikici
Sojojin Rasha ya fara da mamayewa na Livonia a 1558. A mataki na farko na karo, wanda dade har 1561, aka kammala kaye na Livonian Order. Army na Moscow tsar Rikicin haura ta hanyar gabashin da kuma tsakiyar Livonia. Dorpat kuma Riga da aka dauka. A 1559, jam'iyyun sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar watanni shida, wanda ya inganta a cikin wata yarjejeniya a kan sharuddan da vassalage na Livonian Order daga Rasha. Amma don taimakon Jamus Knights gaggãwa zuwa Sarkin Poland da kuma Sweden. Korol Sigizmund II diplomasiyya rawar daji ya iya dauka da oda ƙarƙashin da kansa protectorate. Kuma da sharuddan da kwangila Vilna Livonian Order daina wanzuwa a cikin Nuwamba 1561. Da karkararta raba tsakanin Lithuania da kuma Poland. Yanzu Ivanu Groznomu ya yi adawa a lokaci daya uku m hammayarsu: Duchy na Lithuania, Kingdom of Poland da kuma Sweden. Tare da karshen, duk da haka, Tsar na Muscovy iya sauri kuyi sulhu, a wani lõkaci. A cikin shekaru 1562-63 fara na biyu manyan sikelin-yaƙin neman zaɓe a Baltic Sea. Events Livonian War, a wannan mataki, ci gaba wajen samar da lafiya. Duk da haka, a cikin tsakiyar 1560s zuwa iyaka iri dangantakar dake tsakanin Ivanom Groznym da boyars zaba farin ciki. A halin da ake ciki an kara aggravated saboda komawar daya daga cikin muƙarrabai na yarima ta Andreya Kurbskogo zuwa Lithuania da kuma yi ƙaura zuwa maƙiyi (dalilin da ya sa da bafadan, ya girma despotism na Moscow sarauta da ƙeta na zamanin d 'yancin walwala na nobility). Bayan wannan taron, Ivan Grozny karshe taurare, ganin kewaye da shi m cin amanar. Layi daya ga wannan faruwa, da kuma kashi na gaba, wanda ya bayyana da Prince of ciki makiya. A 1569, Lithuania da kuma Poland sõyayya a cikin guda jihar da cewa Yana ƙarfafa su iko. A cikin marigayi 1560 ta - farkon 70 ta sojojin Rasha sha jerin kashi har ma rasa 'yan birãnensu. Tare da 1579 yaki domin Grand Duchy na Moscow an riga shan a mafi tsaron gida a yanayi. Duk da haka, a 1579, ga maƙiyin aka kama Polotsk, a cikin 1580th - Great Bow, a 1582, ci gaba na dogon kewaye da Pskov. Ya tabbata cewa, da sanya hannu kan zaman lafiya da kuma yi musu jinkiri ga gwamnatin bayan shekaru da dama na soja yakin.
Livonian War: takaice game da sakamakon
The yaki ƙare tare da sanya hannu na musamman unfavorable ga Moscow Plyusskogo da Yam Zapolskoho truces. Damar yin amfani da Baltic Sea ya ba aka samu. Maimakon haka, Duke samu m da kuma lalatar kasar kasance a cikin wani da wuya sosai matsayi. A sakamakon na Livonian War kara da ciki rikicin da ya kai ga wahalar farko na XVI karni.