Ƙungiyar Katolika ta Canterbury (Birtaniya): bayanin, hoto

A kudu maso gabas Coast na Ingila, a cikin County na Kent, yakan majestically mafi shahara da kuma tsofaffin Gothic tsarin a yankin, da gadon ƙarni na Kristanci - Canterbury Cathedral (hukuma sunan - The Cathedral da Lardi Church of Canterbury). Wannan haikalin, wanda hotunansa ya nuna karfi da ƙarfinsa, har tsawon daruruwan shekaru ya zama cibiyar ga Kiristoci na Ingila.

Har wa yau, wannan tsararren gine-ginen tarihi ya kiyaye launi da ayyukansa a matsayin gidan shugaban Anglican da kuma al'ummar Anglican - Arbishop na Canterbury.

Labarin ya fara

Canterbury Cathedral na alfaharin kasancewa ta dogon tarihi, wanda Dates baya daga lokacin da Birtaniya Tsibirin untouched da Romawa. A wancan lokacin nesa akwai haikalin arna. Tuni bayan Romawa suka ziyarci tsibirin, wurin hadaya ya zama wuri mai tsarki na arna (ya faru game da karni na 5).

Paparoma Gregory Ina so in ba da Kristanci a nan: a cikin wannan dangantaka, an umarci tsohuwar masallacin St. Andrew a Roma, Augustine na Canterbury, don tsara wani manufa zuwa Isles na Birtaniya, wanda ya sa ya kawar da arna kuma ya yada Kristanci.

Sakamakon tafiya ta mishan a 597 shine Cikin Cathedral na Canterbury, wanda aka kafa a kan umurninsa don girmama magoya bayan Yesu Almasihu. Bugu da ƙari, a waje da ganuwar birnin an gina masallaci na St. Peter da Bulus, daga bisani aka sake sa sunan girmama Augustine. A nan an binne bishops na birnin.

Ƙarshen Farko

Gidajen da ake tambayar (a Ingila ana kiranta Karnin Cikin Canterbury) an sake gina shi fiye da sau ɗaya. Saboda haka, bayan da wasu renovations zahiri ya kasance kamar wani babban coci da St. Bitrus a Roma. A cikin karni na 10 wani masallacin Benedictine ya bayyana kusa da ginin addini.

Tun farkon karni na XI ya bar wani mummunar alama a cikin tarihin babban coci - da Vikings ya ɓata shi ƙwarai, ba zai iya dawowa ba. Nan da nan sun kai hari kan Danes, sannan daga baya suka kashe Akbishop Alfagej, wanda ya zama na farko daga cikin shahararrun shahidai na Canterbury.

Matsayin karshe a cikin tarihin wanzuwar tsakiyar Kristanci a wancan lokacin a cikin tsibirin Birtaniya shine wuta wanda ya faru bayan rabin karni.

New numfashi na babban coci

Kuma bayan shekaru 3 bayan bala'i, a cikin 1070, gina sabon coci a kan shafin gine-ginen addini ya fara. An lura da gina sabon malamin na Norman Lanfranc, wanda ya gudanar da wannan matsayi na shekaru 7.

Cikin Cathedral na Canterbury, wanda hoto ya nuna yadda sabon gini ya zama kamar gidan sufi na St. Stephen a Faransa, inda ya kasance tsohon shugaban, ya sami sabuwar rayuwa. Har ma da dutse don gina da aka kawo daga asali na Akbishop. 1077 aka nuna ta hanyar tsarkakewa na sabuwar cibiyar Kirista da aka kafa kuma ya bude don ziyara.

Na farko jini don kare addini

Ƙungiyar Catterral ta Canterbury ta shawo kan abubuwan da yawa a lokacin. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi kyan gani shi ne mummunar kisan kai na Thomas Becket. Wannan labarin ya fara a farkon na XII karni, a lokacin da Ingila ta Sarki Henry II Plantagenet nada ya kusa aboki, Ubangiji Chancellor ta Becket, shugaban na Anglican coci. Bayan ya karbi mutunci, Ubangiji Thomas ya dauki wannan matsayi mai daraja, amma musayar siyasa a ra'ayinsu tare da Sarkin Ingila da ƙaddamar da yardar Ubangiji ya haifar da cewa a ranar 29 ga watan Disamba, 1170, a kan umarnin Henry II, mayaƙansa sun kashe shi a kan bagade mai tsarki na babban coci.

Bayan haka, sarki ya tuba daga abin da ya aikata, kuma a matsayin fansa na fansa na laifinsa, ya kara yawan sunaye na tsarkaka (wannan ya faru shekaru uku bayan mutuwar Akbishop maimakon shekaru biyar da aka zaɓa). Thomas Becket ya zama na biyu na galaxy na Akbishop shahidai waɗanda aka kashe a lokacin hidimar coci a Canterbury.

Da ikon warkar da Thomas Becket

Tun da daɗewa, ana zaton kabarin wani malamin addini ya zama wurin warkaswa ga marasa lafiya, yana jawo hankalin daruruwan mutane da suka so a warke a kowace shekara. Daga cikin baƙi zuwa wurin binne Becket mutane ne masu daraja, waɗanda suka kawo kyauta mai karimci. Kudin da aka samu akan aikin hajji ya ci gaba da sake ginawa. Haikali, hoto wanda ya nuna cewa an kashe kudi mai yawa a gyara shi, yanzu zai iya samar da kanta.

Duk da haka, a shekara ta 1174 ya sake samun wuta, sakamakon abin da aka gyara katako daga ginin. Ba'a shafi shi ba kawai ta hanyar crypt, wanda ya ci gaba da bayyanarsa a lokacin sake fasalin. Sauran gine-ginen an gina a karkashin jagorancin William na William, amma a cikin Gothic style. Sa'an nan kuma wani masanin Ingila mai suna William, ɗan Ingilishi, ya lura da aikin. A wannan lokacin, an ragu daga cikin wadanda suka mutu daga bishiyoyi zuwa katangar da aka gina.

A kan shafin yanar gizon wuta, an gina ɗakin sujada na Triniti Mai Tsarki, inda aka sanya akwatin akwatin tare da jikin Thomas Becket. A nan ya kasance har shekara ta 1538, lokacin da na gaba Ingila - Henry na uku na daular Tudor - yana ganin yawan kudin shiga na babban coci a wurin mahajjata, wanda lambarsa bayan wutar ba ta raguwa ba, ya yanke shawarar dace da tasirin Haikalin.

A karshen wannan, mai mulkin Ingila ya sanar da jarrabawar marigayin fiye da ƙarni uku da suka gabata, da Akbishop. A hakika, ba a nuna masa ba. Wannan, tare da zargi da cin amana, shine dalilin da ake zargi Thomas Becket da laifinsa da kuma kama dukiyarsa daga kabarinsa don tallafa wa ɗakin basira. Ƙananan ɗakunan Ingila na iya yin alfaharin irin wannan mai arziki kuma a lokaci guda tarihin rikici da ikon sarauta.

A karkashin jagorancin William dan Ingilishi, an gina wani kusa kusa da ɗakin sujada na Triniti Mai Tsarki, wanda aka fi sani da "Ƙarin Becket": yana dauke da kambin kambin da yake kan bisbishop a ranar kisan.

New sake fasalin

An sake gina katidar Canterbury a 1184, amma budewar ya faru ne kawai a 1220.

Sabbin ɗakunan wurare an cika su da kaburbura na archbishops da kuma manyan lambobi na tsakiyar zamanai. Don haka, a nan ne ragowar sanannen kwamandan Sojan War, Edward Black Prince; Sarki Henry na IV na Bolingbroke.

An sake cigaba da sake gina katolika a shekara ta 1377, lokacin da aka yanke shawarar da za'a sake gina shi a cikin harshen Ingilishi Gothic. Girgizar ƙasa ta 1382 ta kawo dukan aikin ba kome ba, ta tsawanta gyaran gine-ginen shekaru da dama.

Bayan gyaran gyare-gyare mai yawa, gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare, babban coci ya samu bayyanar zamani (a cikin 30s na karni na XIX), lokacin da sabon gini a Gothic style ya yi kama da hasumiyar kudu maso yammacin da aka gina a kan shafin da ke arewa maso yammacin yamma, wanda ya yi barazanar faduwa.

Rayuwar babban coci a karni na XX

1942 wani gwaji ne ga babban coci, wanda Luftwaffe ya jagoranci: wasu daga cikin sassan sun kasance sun lalata. A lokacin gyarawar shekara ta 1954, an sake gina gine-ginen da aka rushe, kuma an gyara ginin. Duk da haka, muhimmancin tsarin gina gine-ginen yana buƙatar sabuntawa mai zurfi, kamar yadda ambaliyar ruwa ta rushe katako wanda aka gina shi.

Cikin katidar zamani da kuma rawar da ta taka

A halin yanzu, ginin addini yana zama ikilisiya na Royal Regiment na Sarauniya na Wales. Don sake ginawa, ana tara kuɗi, saboda irin wannan ginin yana buƙatar kudaden kudade don ingantawa da gyaran.

Babban haikalin na duniya za su iya gaskiya da yi alfahari da cewa sun hada da mafi tsufa gine-gine da Monuments, wanda tarin hada da fiye da 50,000 brochures da kuma littattafai na daban-daban bazawa lokaci da mai arziki tarihi ya nuna a wuya rabo.