Ƙungiyar Mexican, ko tsire-tsire na ratibida

A kan gonaki na gonaki da gadaje masu fure a cikin birane suna da furanni masu haske da nau'i na musamman. Suna kama da hatimin Mexican mai tsayi da launin launi. Wani irin tsire-tsire ne su kuma daga ina suka zo daga gadaje na gadon mu? Wannan ratibida wani nau'i ne na mahallin, wanda ya zo ga latitudes daga Arewacin Amirka.

A bit game da majagaba

Labarin farko game da furen ya sanya wani dan asali na Amurka. Sunan mutumin nan ba sauƙin tunawa ba. Sunansa Konstantin Samuel Rafinesk-Schmalz. Wannan masanin kimiyyar ba shi ne kawai a cikin ilimin lissafi ba, amma masanin kimiyya ne da ilimin lissafi. Shi ma masanin ilimin lissafi ne da masanin ilimin harshe. Aikin masanin kimiyya ne na 1783-1840.

Rafinez-Schmalz shi ne masaniyar zamaninsa, amma mutane da dama sun dauki shi mahaukaci. Yayinda yake nazarin ciyayi na Arewacin Amirka, ya iya kwatanta akalla 250 nau'in nau'o'i, amma yawancin su masana kimiyya sunzo da sunayen ban mamaki. Wani misalin wannan bambance-bambance shine tsire-tsire ratibid, wanda yana da mafi sauki sunan - hatcin Mexico.

Amincewa da shuka

Ratibida shuka nasa ne da iyali Asteraceae. Kwayar jigilar kwayoyin halittu ta Composita ƙananan ƙananan. Akwai tsire-tsire bakwai da ke girma a Arewacin Amirka. Mutumin ya fara noma kawai nau'i 3:

• Ratibida mulkin mallaka (dangin Mexican);
• Ratibida pinnate;
• Ratibida mexican.

Kalmar nan "nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i" a cikin lakabi na farko ba shine fassarar daidai daga Latin. Zai zama mafi daidai don amfani da "columnar".

A wasu fannoni, ana amfani da sunan jigilar Lepachys. Kalmar tana da tushen Helenanci guda biyu, wanda a cikin fassarar yana nufin "Sikeli" da kuma "lokacin farin ciki". Sunan yana nuna wasu siffofi na tsari na kunshin fure. Gaskiyar ita ce, ganyayyaki na takalma suna da wani ɓangaren tsalle a saman, an rufe shi da gland.

Ratibida shi ne mulkin mallaka, ko hatse na Mexica, wanda yake da alaka da shi. Daga babban adadi mai mahimmanci da tsummoki, wanda tsawo zai iya zama fiye da mita 1, an yi wajiyar daji. Don a taɓa shuka a wani ɓangare na abin da ya dace (glandular-hairy). Ƙananan ganyayyaki na gandun daji suna da launin launin launin launin launin toka, tsayinsa shine 15-16 cm. Nisa daga cikin ganyayyaki na kimanin 6 cm. Tsarin ganye shine pinnate ko sau biyu. Kowace takarda za su iya samun sassan 14.

Tsarin furen

A flower na ratibida yakan sama da foliage. Wannan kwando ne da diamita kimanin 6 cm Female lilacs na mace suna biye da ƙananan ƙananan kwasfa, siffar su ta zama tsalle, kuma tsawon shine 2.5-3 cm. An shirya furanni a cikin jere guda. Suna lankwasa zuwa ga tushe. Launi a nau'in jinsin launin rawaya ne, rawaya-purple, Maroon. Ruwan mulkin mallaka na Ratibida yana da launi mai duhu - manzo ko launin ruwan kasa tare da haske mai haske.

Disc a kusa da flower ne elongated, hemispherical. Da farko, launin kore ne, tsawonsa na iya zama har zuwa 5 cm, kuma nisa - fiye da 1 cm Akwai kimanin kananan furanni brickxual 400 a kan faifai. A lokacin flowering, ƙwaƙwalwar ya zama babba, ya samo siffar cylindrical kuma ya canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa.

'Ya'yan itãcen ratibida sune kananan ƙananan haske-brown achenes.

Daidai da bambance-bambance da nan da nan dangi

Ƙasar Mexico, wato ratibida, mafi kusa da ɗayan shahararrun shahararru biyu - Echinacea da Rudbeckia. Ratibida pinnatus yana sau da yawa rikice da rudbeckie (hoto sama), saboda wadannan furanni suna da fure a cikin nau'i na launin rawaya da aka kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa. Kwayoyin dabbobi suna girma kusa da cibiyar baƙar fata da kasa. Bambance-bambance bambanci tsakanin jinsuna a cikin tsarin dabbobin da ke kunshe, har ma a cikin kwakwalwar elongated. A gaskiya, haɗuwa da wani nau'in elongated da kuma fadin inflorescence wanda aka yiwa ratibidus ya yi kama da shugaban Amurka na Mexican. Kuma menene sunan hat na Mexican? Sombrero. Saboda haka, kada ka yi mamakin idan ka ga tsaba na ratibida tare da sunan "Sombrero", ba kuskure ba ne, wata maimaita sunan.

Raba ratibida tare da columnar

Irin wannan hatsin Mexico yana girma a yankuna masu yawa. Za a iya samun fure mai haske daga Canada, kuma musamman musamman, lardin Ontario, zuwa kudancin iyakar Mexico. Mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a yankin Great Plains, kamar yadda ratibida ya fi son gonaki da gonada. Duk da haka, shuka zai iya jin dadi a yankunan dutse - fure mai haske yana faruwa har tsawon mita 2000.

Ratibida (Mexican hat): namo

Mata da yawa suna so su yi ado da gadaje masu furanni tare da furen ban mamaki. Suna da babbar zabi. Ratibida an horar da shi shekaru da dama, tun kimanin 1811. Amma a gare mu wannan injin shine har yanzu. Kogin Mexico - sunan yana da kyau, kuma masu aikin lambu suna tunanin cewa shuka zai haifar da matsala. Amma wannan ba haka bane. Ƙasar Ratibida ba shi da kyau, kawai kayan ado da ƙawar daji za su dogara ne akan ingancin kulawa, amma shuka kanta ba zai lalace ba.

Rage ratibida mafi kyau a kan sunbeds. Ya kamata wurin ya warke da kyau. Ganye ba ya son shading. Yana da kyau a shuka shuka mai kyau a Arewacin Amirka a cikin ƙasa mai lakaɗa tare da acidity na kimanin 7.5.

An shirya wurin da aka dasa ratibida daga kaka. A cikin ƙasa, ƙara waƙar yatsun dolomite da admixture na yashi. Ganye ya dace da ƙasa mara kyau, mafi mahimmanci basa kasa. Duk da haka, takalmin ƙasa yana tabbatar da tsintsiya mai laushi. Katin Mexico bai buƙatar kulawa na musamman ba. Yana jure yanayin yanayin zafi da fari sosai. Watering ratibids ciyar don tsawanta flowering. Don lambun kwari da cututtuka daban-daban na ratibida ne barga.

Iyakar matsalar ita ce yaki da shuka kanta. Kwanan na Mexican ya bunƙasa, kuma idan akwai damar da za ta kayar da dabbobin da ke kusa da su, dole a cire cire karin samosev.