A jure zafi canja wuri. R-darajar

Zafi canja wuri walling - shi ne wani hadadden tsari shafe convection, madugu kuma radiation. su duka zo tare da predominance na daya daga cikinsu. Insulating Properties shinge kayayyaki, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar da zafi canja wuri juriya, dole a bi dokoki da gini lambobin.

Kamar yadda iska ke musayar tare da walling

A yi kafa dokokin da bukatun ga girma da kadan juyi ta bango da kuma ta hanyar shi domin ayyana ta kauri. Daya daga cikin sigogi ga kirga shi ne da zazzabi bambanci ciki da waje cikin dakin. Shan a matsayin dalilin da coldest lokaci na shekara. Wani siga ne coefficient na zafi canja wuri K - kadan adadin daukar kwayar cutar a cikin 1 biyu ta hanyar wani yanki na 1 m ^2, tare da bambanci na cikin matsanancin da ciki yanayi zafin jiki a 1 ° C. A K darajar dogara a kan abu Properties. Kamar yadda qara rage zafin rana-tsare kaddarorin da bango. Bugu da kari, da sanyi, a cikin dakin zai shiga kasa, idan ta ne fiye da da kauri daga cikin shinge.

Convection da radiation ciki da waje kuma zai shafi zafi asarar daga gidan. Saboda haka, domin batura shigar a kan ganuwar nuna fuska da aluminum tsare. Irin wannan kariya ne ma sanya a ciki da ventilated facades a waje.

Zafi canja wuri ta hanyar ganuwar da gidan

A na waje ganuwar sa mafi yawan yankin na gidan da ta su samar da makamashi asarar kai 35-45%. Kayan gini yin sama da kwasfa Tsarin, da daban-daban kariya daga sanyi. Yana yana da mafi ƙasƙanci thermal watsin da iska. Saboda haka, porous kayan da magangara mafi ƙasƙanci dabi'u na zafi canja wuri coefficients. Alal misali, yi tubalin K = 0,81 W / (m ² · ^C), a kankare K = 2,04 W / (m ² · ^C), a plywood K = 0,18 W / (m ² · ^C.) da kuma polystyrene faranti a K = 0,038 W / (m ² · ° ^C).

A lissafin amfani da cudanya da coefficient K, - R-darajar. Yana da wani bisa al'ada darajar da kada ta kasance kasa mai wasu qaddara darajar, tun da shi ya dogara da kudin na dumama da kuma yanayi na tsaya a cikin gabatarwa.

A cikin K factor rinjayar danshi abun ciki walling. A cikin albarkatun kasa ruwa displaces iska a cikin pores, kuma ta thermal watsin ne 20 sau mafi girma. A sakamakon haka, worsen da zafi-tsare kaddarorin da shinge. Rigar bulo bango watsa 30% zafi fiye bushe. Saboda haka, facade da rufin gidaje kokarin sanye kayan a wadda ruwa ba riƙe.

Heat asara ta hanyar ganuwar da takware a cikin gidajen abinci ne dauke da dogara a kan iska. Tallafa Tsarin - breathable da iska ya wuce ta su daga waje (infiltration) da kuma cikin (exfiltration).

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M cladding ventilated facades an saita tare da wani rata a cikin abin da iska da aka kẽwayãwa. Yana ba zai tasiri a thermal juriya da ganuwar, amma yana da matuƙar resistant zuwa wind kaya, rage infiltration. The iska iya shiga cikin jamsin na taga da kofa Frames tare da bango takware. Saboda wannan thermal juriya da windows rage zuwa matsananci yankunan. A wadannan wurare, wanda aka sanya wani tasiri hatimi, hana outflow zafi da guntu hanya. Thermal juriya na ganuwar da windows a ke dubawa zai zama kadan, da kuma sandaro a kan ayyuka ba kafa, idan ka sanya cikin firam a tsakiyar gangara.

A zama dole m kaddarorin da makamashi ceto aka samu da yin amfani da makaran sanwic bangarori, abin da na tsare dukan gaban gidan ciki da waje. Tsarin na ventilated facades aka kafa a cikin dukan yanayi da kuma a duk weathers. Saboda ƙarin rufi gusar "sanyi gadoji", kuma Yanã ƙãra rai ta'aziyya.

Heat asara ta cikin rufi daga cikin na farko bene

Bayan rabin zafi asarar benaye isa 3-10%. Magina kula kadan game da rufi, da barin wani rata. A cikin mafi kyau idan aka sanya na kwaskwarima sealing grout. Idan zafin jiki na kasa surface ƙananan fiye da a cikin dakin a 2 ° C, sa'an nan, rufi hula sanya talauci.

Heat asara ta hanyar rufin

Musamman mai zafi asarar ta cikin rufi a daya- da biyu-labarin gidajensu. Suna isa 35%. Modern insulating kayan damar zuwa dogara kare rufin kuma rufi daga cikin external yanayi da kuma mataki na zafi asarar daga ciki.

Kamar yadda ƙaddara da zafi canja wuri juriya

A zahirin ma'ana, zafi canja wuri juriya kwasfa tsarin characterizes matakin na ta thermal insulating Properties da aka samu daga rabo

• R = 1 / K (M ² · ° ^C / W).

A m Properties na garun aka ƙaddara da matakai na thermal musayar a ta m da ciki saman, kazalika a cikin girma abu. Domin hadaddun wasan zorro total thermal juriya zai zama:

• R ₀ = (R ₁ + R ₂ + ... + R _n) + R _a + R _n .

cikinsa R _1, R _2, R _n faye hali da kaddarorin daga cikin mutum yadudduka, da kuma _{a cikin} R, R _N - ciki da waje hulda da iska.

Rage jure zafi canja wuri

A yi, Tsarin suna da iri-irin da kuma dauki kashi fastening abubuwa da sauran sadarwar yadudduka cewa samar da "sanyi gidajen abinci". Heterogeneity Tsarin iya ƙwarai rage thermal juriya taron. Saboda haka, yana kai ga wasu talakawan darajar R ₀ ^'ga m wasan zorro tare da uniform da kaddarorin a kan dukan yankin. Alal misali, a cikin lissafi na da kauri daga cikin ganuwar da ginin da ake dauka a cikin asusun zafi asarar a taga kuma kofa gangara, daga ƙõfar, da mutum abubuwa na ginin cikin sharuddan da rage thermal juriya. A cikin hoton da aka nuna da kibau, da thermal watsin na kankare slab jan zafi fita.

Rage jure zafi canja wuri m bayan tabbatar da dalilin da dukan manyan shafukan na mataki na daban-daban zafi fluxes. Bayan da cewa, daidai da Gost 26254-84, aka lasafta ta yin amfani da dabara:

• ₀ R ^'= F / (F ₁ / R + F _{01 2} / R ₀₂ + ... + F _n / R _{0 n),} inda:

F - yanki kwasfa tsarin.

F _n - fannin halayyar n-th zone.

R ₀ ne jure zafi canja wuri halayyar _n n-th zone.

Saboda haka, da ainihin zafi da kwarara ta hanyar mai rikitarwa yi kaiwa zuwa uniform zafi canja wuri, ta hanyar da tsinkaya.

A cewar Gost P 54851-2011, musamman zafi juyi ta cikin ginin ambulaf aka bayyana ta da magana:

• q = (t _EXT - t _n) / R ₀ ^'

inda t kuma t _{n EXT} - dakin zazzabi, selectable bisa ga Gost 30494, da kuma a waje zazzabi, a tsare a matsayin talakawan na coldest kwanaki biyar a shekara.

Infrared fasahar damar domin sanin inda zafi canja wuri juriya da aka rage. A hoto na nuna "sanyi gidajen abinci" inda mafi zafi asarar faruwa. A zafin jiki a blue sashi na 8 ° C kasa da sauran.

Heat asara ta hanyar da taga takware

Windows zauna a kananan rabo daga surface daga gidan, amma har biyu glazing thermal rufi ne 2-3 sau weaker fiye da na katangu. Modern makamashi-ceton windows a kan halaye na thermal kariya Properties ne kusa da bango.

yana da aiki halaye ga kowane biyu-glazed taga. Mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu shi ne rage zafi juriya, dangane da girman da kowane samfurin wanda ya kasu cikin azuzuwan.

The mafi ƙasƙanci aji - D2 - ne guda-garu windows da gilashi mai kauri of 4 mm (R ₀ ⁼ 0.35 - 0,39 m · ° C / W). Idan taga yana da wani thermal juriya da gilashin da ke ƙasa da sama m dabi'u, shi ba zai iya rarraba. Tare da kara yawan zafin jiki kariya makamashi m windows rage haske watsa.

A mafi zafi canja wuri juriya aji - A1 - suna da makamashi-ceton biyu-jam'iyya akwatin tare da wani inert gas da kuma m coatings (R ₀ ^'> = 0.8 m · ° C / W). Su thermal rufi Properties mafi girma fiye da wadanda na wasu daga cikin ganuwar da kayan gini.

Thermal juriya na gilashi dogara a kan wadannan dalilai:

• rabo glazing yankunan da dukan block.
• sash masu girma dabam da kuma gicciye sassan na firam.
• abu da kuma gina taga block.
• gilashin halaye.
• ingancin hatimi tsakanin sash da firam.

Lokacin da thermal juriya da aka lasafta windows da kuma baranda kofofi, shi wajibi ne a yi la'akari da tasirin da m zone tun maha? Ar da glazing taga profile iya fada condensate. Lokacin da hawa ya kamata kuma kula da ingancin da hatimin takware. Ta hanyar thermographic na'urar za a iya gani a matsayin sanyi shiga a cikin gidan ta saman da dama daga cikin dari (hoton da ke ƙasa). Duk yadda tasiri iya glazed, tare da free nassi na iska tsakanin Frames da ganuwar, duk da amfanin za a rasa.

Selection windows da baranda kofofi domin kowane yankin samar daidai da bukata yawa na zafi canja wuri juriya R ₀ ^{'da kuma} yanayin damina, determinable yawan mataki-rana dumama lokaci.

ƙarshe

A bisa al'ada thermal juriya na ganuwar da windows da damar da za a gina makamashi-m gine-gine. A lissafin da zazzabi halaye na ganuwar wajibi ne don la'akari da kaddarorin iri-irin aka gyara. Don kula da microclimate bukatar dogara da kariya daga dukkan sassa na gidan daga sanyi. Wannan gubar zuwa zamani heaters.