Sigismund III Vasa: photo, biography

Sigismund III (Vasa), wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin, na kasance a kan kursiyin da Commonwealth da kuma Sweden. A zamanin da ya yi kokarin hada wadannan biyu iko. Ya aikata shi domin wani ɗan gajeren lokaci a 1592-m. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru uku da Swedish majalisar dokokin kasar ya zaɓi Regent maimakon mãsu fakuwa monarch. Mafi yawa daga cikin sauran rayuwa na Sigismund III (Vasa) ciyar a kan dawowar batattu kursiyin. Ka yi la'akari da kara daga wannan adadi da aka sani.

Zygmunt III (Gilashin fure): biography

Monarch haife Yuni 20, 1566 a cikin castle Gripsholm. Akwai Yangellonka Katerina (mahaifiyarsa) aka tare da Johan (mahaifin), ya kammala wa Eric 4. Sigismund III ya kawo har da Jesuits, wanda wa'azi da ra'ayoyi da m Katolika. A cikin shekaru 21, ya zo a kan karaga. Mun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan da ya inna Anna Yangellonka da hetman Jan Zamoyski. Tanã kiran Prince, magaji zuwa Yaren mutanen Sweden kursiyin, da kursiyinsa, Rzeczpospolita sa ran kashe yankin da rigingimu da Sweden da kuma samun jayayya a cikin yankunan arewacin jihar.

A farkon sarautar da

Wasu lokaci bayan sa kambi, da monarch tsayayya Maximilian (Archduke na Austria). Last ci karkashin Bichinoy, inda ya aka dauka fursuna. Duk da haka, a karkashin yarjejeniyar daga 1589 , Maximilian aka saki a kan yanayin cewa waives wata da'awa a kan karaga. Zygmunt III ko dai da hali ko bayyanar bai sa juyayi na mutane na Commonwealth. Shan shi samu mafi muni a lokacin da ya shiga sirrin tattaunawar tare da Austria Duke Ernest. Wannan ya faru a cikin wannan 1589-m, a lokacin da ya kai ziyara wa ubansa a Revel. The matasa sarki, Sigismund III bai iya lashe fiye da m yayin Yana Zamoyskogo. A rikici tsakanin monarch ya unfulfilled wa'adin Accession ga Eastland State. A sakamakon haka, da Sejm inquisitorial aka gudanar, bayan da ikon da monarch ya raunana ma. Maimakon Zamoyski, wanda fatan cewa za a yi gudana tawurin nufin autocrat, ya ɗauki Jesuits.

A manufofin da Board

Yaren mutanen Poland Korol Sigizmund III farko burin sa da bunqasar na Katolika a kasar. A lokaci guda, ya nema su hallaka Orthodoxy kuma Protestantism. A 1591-93-ies. ya mur da tawaye Kosinski, kuma a 1594-96-m - Nalivaiko juriya a kudu maso yammacin Rasha. Zygmunt III da aka tsunduma cikin cikar Union of Brest. Babban kasashen waje da manufofin manufofin da monarch ĩmãni gandun daji tare da Protestant Sweden da kuma Orthodox Rasha. A lokaci guda ya bai manta da autocrat da dynastic amfane shi.

A weakening na da ikon

The m ayyuka na King gudummawar da m bazuwar na jihar a Poland. A mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin mulkinsa ya fara zebrzydowski tawaye da shela da rage cin abinci da unanimity. Zygmunt III tsare kokarin kafa absolutism a kasar. Duk da haka, da suka da aka ƙi da Diet. The sarki yana so ya iyakance ikon taro, maida data kasance mukamai a ƙarƙashin darajõji shi kawai. Ya kuma yi kokarin samar da mozhnovladstvo amfani primogeniture. Mallakarsu zai ba da dama don kada kuri'a a majalisar dattijai. Duk da haka, duk da ta sadaukar da absolutism, Sigismund III da gudummawar da shela da manufa na unanimity, wanda fundamentally gurgunta da yiwuwar rike da juna biyu da sake fasalin. A 1589-m Zamoyski miƙa zuwa yarda da Sejm da rinjaye zaben. Sarki tsayayya, rike da da hetman adawa Opalinskaya.

Ku yi yaƙi domin Sweden

A 1592-m Sigismund auri 'yar da Austria Duke Charles, jikanyar Ferdinand 1 - Anne. A shekarar 1955, suna da wani dan Vladislav. Bayan rasuwar Johan (ubansa) Sigismund tafi Sweden, inda ya aka lashe a 1594. Duk da haka, ya aka tilasta sanya kawunsa regent. Carl goyon Protestantism da sauri tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden mutane ne a fili saiti don kursiyin. A 1596-m Sigismund sanya babban birnin Warsaw, kawo shi daga Krakow. Isa a 1598 a Sweden sake, da monarch rabu da yawa daga cikin magoya bayan, da kuma na gaba a 1599 da aka cire daga kursiyin. A sabon Sarkin Sweden da aka ayyana da ya kawu ta sunan Charles IX. Amma sallami monarch ba ya so ya rasa iko. A sakamakon haka, ya aka hannu a Poland 60-shekara adawa da Sweden, wanda ya kasance musamman m ga kasar.

Transnistria

By ƙarshen 17th karni karkashin tutar kasada Serbia Michael, wanda na kama Moldova, Cossack fara tara. Ya kamata a ce cewa Ukrainian Udaltsov bayyana wani abu, kamar wani al'ada ba tsari zuwa daban-daban jarumi da kuma yawan ƙiren ƙarya. Don shawo irin wannan da gangan bore Sigismund kidaya Cossacks wajibi ba, ka dauki kanka wadannan mutane. A wannan lokaci, akwai wata jita-jita na Rasha cewa shi ne rai Tsarevich Dmitry. Haka kuma, labari ya zo sama a Ukraine. A Cossacks da damar da su canja wurin zuwa Moscow ƙasa s da gangan. A lokaci guda a cikin Dniester yankin kasance mai gwagwarmayar da samuwar da Cossack jihar a karkashin jagorancin Grigoriya Lobody kuma Severin Nalivaiko. A karshen rubuta wata wasika zuwa Sigismund a 1595. A da shi, ya kuma zayyana tsare-tsaren, wanda yana nuna halittar Cossack jihar a karkashin da angarorin na monarch. Nalivaiko ɗauke da wani yawa m yakin. Ya aka kashe a cikin yaki ga Lubny. Bayan mutuwarsa, da ra'ayin samar da Transnistrian Cossack jihar da aka ba a haifi.

Yaƙi da Rasha

A zamanin mulkinsa, Sigismund hatched tsare-tsaren na wajen gabas bazuwa. A abin da ya faru a Rasha Dmitry arya I, da monarch ba shi goyon baya da kuma kammala da wani m yarjejeniya. Bayan Accession zuwa Moscow ƙasa mayaudarin da ya yi alkawari cewa Poland za ta tashi zuwa Chernihiv-Seversky yankin. A 1609, shekara ta bayan mutuwa na farko arya Dmitry, da monarch jagoranci kewaye na Smolensk. A 1610, da shekara da Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin, ya umarce Zolkiewski kama Moscow. By shawarar da Rasha boyars kursiyinsa a babban birnin na Rasha ya dauki Vladislav, ɗan da autocrat. A 1611-m, 29 Oktoba Vasiliy Shuysky (tsohon Rasha tsar) tare da 'yan'uwansa Ivan da Dmitri, yarima yi rantsuwa a Warsaw. A 1612th zemstvo mayakan 'yantar da Moscow. Duk da haka, da yaki ya ci gaba har zuwa 1618-th. A sakamakon haka, a tsagaita wuta da aka rattaba hannu a Deulin. Bisa ga yarjejeniyar da Poland tsallake Seversky, Chernigov da Smolensk ƙasar.

ƙarshe

A 1598-m farko da matar mutu Sigismund. A cikin 1605-mita, sai ya auri matarsa ta biyu Constance - 'yar'uwarta. A cikin 1609-mita a ɗa na biyu da aka haife, wanda suka mai suna Yan Kazimir. Sigismund sosai tada da mutuwa na Constance, wanda ya faru a 1631. A karshen watan Afrilu 1632, ya rasu a bugun jini. Sigismund gangara a tarihi a matsayin sosai rigima adadi. Ya yi mulki, a hannu daya, muna da ganiya ikon da Commonwealth. A lokaci guda a cikin shekaru na ikonsa ya fara nuna alamun ƙi. Daga bisani, sũ, sun ɓatar da cikakken halakar da Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian jihar.