A kasashen waje da manufofin da Tarayyar Soviet a 1953-1964 gg. Tarihi da Tarayyar Soviet

Bita na kasashen waje da manufofin na tarayyar soviet suka fara bayan mutuwar Stalin. A 50-ies. Malenkov yi magana da "sallama" na tashin hankali a dangantakar kasa da kasa. Mun gaba la'akari da rarrabe fasali na Soviet kasashen waje da manufofin a cikin shekaru 1953-1964.

zaman lafiya yarjejeniyarsu

A kasashen waje da manufofin da Tarayyar Soviet a 1953-1964 shekaru da aka mayar da hankali musamman a kan kafa zaman lafiya da kuma yi yardatayya da m hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen waje. A shirin na Soviet jagoranci, da yawa yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu. Saboda haka, a 1953, 27 ga watan Yuli, aka sanya hannu, a tsaida wutar yaƙi a Korea. Babban wajen sassauta tashin hankali a duniya mataki da kasar ta jagoranci ya gani da fadada yankunan da hadin gwiwa tare da sauran jihohi. A shekarar 1955, 25 Janairu, da Presidium na Armed Forces aka soma da umurninMu, ya ƙare a Jihar yaki da Jamus. A watan Satumba na wannan shekara, shugaban gwamnatin na Jamus ya isa a birnin Moscow. A lokacin ziyarar, shi kulla dangantakar diplomasiyya tare da West Germany. A shekarar 1955, a tsakiyar watan Mayu, wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu tare da Austria. A daidai da shi a matsayin wani yanayi na yaki da shi da aka katse. The daftarin aiki ya tsayar da mulki, da kuma tabbacin neutrality.

A shekarar 1956, Tarayyar Soviet koma da hayar ƙasa na Finland - Porkkala Udd, inda akwai wani tushe na sojan ruwa na kungiyar tarayyar. A tsakiyar watan Yuni da Karelian-Finnish jam'iyya jamhuriyar aka canza kama zuwa wani standalone. Har ila yau, a shekarar 1956, 19 ga watan Oktoba, Japan da kuma Tarayyar Soviet bayar a da'awarsu, a kan maido da huldar diplomasiyya da kuma lõkacin fatara daga soja matsayi. By ƙarshen 50s Tarayyar Soviet ya related cinikayya kwangila tare da fiye da 70 jihohi.

Soviet kasashen waje da manufofin 1953-1964 (takaice)

Key yankunan da aka gano a cikin XX jam'iyyar Congress. Khrushchev ya sanar a wajen taron na rashi na inevitability na gaba duniya yaki, nuna yiwuwar hanyoyi daban-daban na miƙa mulki ga gurguzu tsarin da zaman lafiya na kasashen da daban-daban na siyasa da tsarin. A cikin takardun da majalisa da aka jaddada biyayya ga tarayyar Soviet ga ka'idojin samun 'yancin kai da kuma mulki, a hadin gwiwa da kasashen waje wajen. A lokaci guda, Khrushchev da'awar cewa duniya ta co-zama na jihar abubuwa a matsayin wani takamaiman irin aji gwagwarmaya. Yana zame kawai soja hanyoyin da ba su shafi akida. A shekarar 1957 da ma'aikatar harkokin waje karkashin jagorancin manyan jami'in diflomasiyyar Gromyko. A ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar da aka karkashin ya jagoranci har shekarar 1985. Gromyko ya yi babban taimako ga ci gaban da shawarwari tsari a kan kafa iko a kan makamai tseren.

Canje-canje a cikin soja rukunan

A shekarar 1956, ya nuna wasu savanin na Soviet kasashen waje da manufofin 1953-1964. A yawan kasashen waje kasashen kafa raka'a, wanda aiki da aka yi niyya, a cikin wasu abubuwa, to zata dakatar da tasirin da masu gurguzu kasashen da samuwar na National Liberation Movement of mulkin mallaka al'ummai.

A shekarar 1956, a cikin soja rukunan na Tarayyar Soviet an hõre canje-canje. Suna sa da miƙa mulki daga cikin taro yin amfani da sojoji, a filin wasa na yaƙi da makami mai linzami da kuma makaman nukiliya abun cece kuce. A farko an samu nasarar gwada intercontinental ballistic harsashi a duniya a 1957. Yana da wani babban kewayon kuma zai iya isa Amurka ƙasa. Tun shekarar 1959 aka kaddamar da serial samar da wadannan makamai masu linzami, bi da equipping iska rundunar sojojin tsaron kasar, iska da kuma askarawan ƙasa, ya fara da gina karkashin ruwa nukiliya makami mai linzami jiragen ruwa. America ne kallon duk da wannan, fahimta cewa Tarayyar Soviet iya da kyau ɗauki fansa a taron na wani sabon yaki.

A rikici da Amurka

Duk da aiki ginawa nukiliya makami mai linzami m, da kasashen waje da manufofin da Tarayyar Soviet 1953-1964 gg. har yanzu mayar da hankali kan hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen daban-daban a duniyoyin. A key haka suna da dangantaka da Amurka. Daga 15 zuwa 27 ga Satumba 1959 da aka Khrushchev ya kai ziyara a Amurka. A lokacin da ya Khrushchev aka karɓa ta Eisenhower yi magana a National Press Club, da kuma babban taron MDD, ya gana da manoma da 'yan kasuwa. A lokacin rani na 1961 ya ya kamata ya mayar da shugaban kasar Amurka ta kai ziyarar. Amma a kan May 1 a lokacin tsaya a cikin kabarin Khrushchev koya cewa Amurka rahõto jirgin sama ta kai hari a cikin kasar ta sararin samaniyar da aka harbe sauka kusa Sverdlovsk. A Soviet jagoranci ya aika da wasiƙa da zanga-zanga. A mayar da martani ga ta gwamnatin Amurka ayyana "kewayawa kuskure" saboda bai san cewa matukin jirgin daga cikin jirgin sama, ya saba wa umarnin, har yanzu da rai, kuma ya busa kansa. Haka kuma, ya aka dauka fursuna. Soviet hukuma saki shaidar matukin jirgin da kuma Amurka kama a karya. Eisenhower ya ki neman afuwa. Ya kai ziyara zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet an soke ta.

sabon tattaunawa

A waje da manufofin da Tarayyar Soviet a 1953-1964 gg. zaci m sakawa na kasar a duniya mataki a cikin wani ginawa-up na soja-masana'antu m. Wannan shi ne, ba tare da shakka, da kara na kasa da kasa da tashin hankali. A farkon watan Yuni 1961 da Soviet jagoranci tattaunawa da Kennedy a Vienna. A tarnaƙi yi kokarin tattauna da Jamusanci tambaya da kuma hana makaman nukiliya gwaji. Khrushchev miƙa wa hannu a yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da biyu Germanys daidai da data kasance a zahiri shine kan iyakoki, sanar da West Berlin a free birni. Amma wannan tsari da aka ƙi. Bi da bi, Kennedy ba zai iya samun wata ban a kan makaman nukiliya gwajin. A Berlin Wall aka gina a kan 13 ga watan Agusta. Shi ya zama real embodiment na "Iron Curtain" da ya raba Turai. A watan Satumba, Tarayyar Soviet, bada har wata yarjejeniya tare da Amurka don ban nukiliya fashe, gudanar da wani jerin gwaje-gwaje.

Cuban harsashi rikicin

A kasashen waje da manufofin da Tarayyar Soviet a 1953-1964 gg. An mayar da hankali musamman a kan kafa soja parity tare da Amurka. A 1962, akwai wani hadari ga dangantakar dake tsakaninsu. A halin da ake ciki ya kara dangane da yanke shawarar sanya Tarayyar Soviet a Cuba soma wani matsakaici-range makamai masu linzami. America, bi da bi, ya fara shirya domin mamayewa. Duk da haka, kusan a karshe lokacin tattaunawa ta wayar tarho Khrushchev da Kennedy, a lokacin da shugabannin kasa isa wani jayayya. A Amurka, ƙarshe deduced da makamai masu linzami daga Turkey da kuma Tarayyar Soviet - Cuba.

Cuban harsashi rikicin yana dauke da apogee na adawa tsakanin USSR da yamma. Bayan da ya ci na tsawon zumunta détente. A shekarar 1963, a birnin Moscow, wata kwangila da aka kammala tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet, Birtaniya da kuma Amurka da su ban da makaman nukiliya gwaji karkashin ruwa, a sarari, da a cikin yanayi. A wani gajeren lokaci da yarjejeniyar shiga ta fiye da 100 ƙasashe. Bayan rasuwar Kennedy da Khrushchev sallama aiwatar da aka katse.

ATS

A kasashen waje da manufofin da Tarayyar Soviet a 1953-1964 gg. An nufin kafa hadin gwiwa ba kawai tare da West, amma kuma tare da ta fi kusa da makwabta. A gurguzu zango a lokacin kunshi Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Jamus, Hungary, Albania. Teaming up tare da Tarayyar Soviet, suka halitta da ATS (da Warsaw yarjejeniya). Its mahalarta dauki kansu da wajibi don samar da juna taimako a cikin soja barazana, hadin gwiwa a tsaro da kuma zaman lafiya. Bugu da kari, to shawara a kan batutuwa da suka shafi muradun. Daga wannan lokacin ya fara da samuwar wani hadade sojojin janar umurninSa.

CMEA

A kasashen waje da manufofin da Tarayyar Soviet a 1953-1964 gg. tsammani manyan-sikelin da taimako ga kasashen na gurguzu a zangon gina masana'antu da wuraren a cikin yankuna. A key cibiyar dangantakar zama Council for Mutual tattalin arziki Taimakon (CMEA). Kamar yadda key na hadin gwiwa su ne:

1. Coordination na kasa tattalin arzikin da tsare-tsaren.
2. Ciniki.
3. Al'adu dangantaka.
4. Hadin gwiwa a fannin kimiyya da fasaha.

By wannan hadin gwiwa baya shiga ta Cuba. . A cikin shekaru 1958-1964, bisa ga shawarar da CMEA, aka gina bututun "Druzhba" - mafi girma a duniya. Its tsawon aka fiye 4.5 dubu. Km. A 1959-1962 gg. da sauran makamashi tsarin da aka halitta "The World." Ta nasaba cibiyar sadarwa na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma gurguzu kasashen na Turai. A wannan yanayin, mafi yawan halin kaka zaci Tarayyar Soviet. A Soviet jagorancin ma kokarin inganta dangantakar da {asar Yugoslavia. A shekarar 1955, a da'awarsu, aka sanya hannu tsakanin wakilan kasashen, bisa ga abin da sanya na hadin gwiwa a al'adu, da tattalin arziki da kuma kimiyya duniyoyin.

rikice-rikice

Features na Soviet kasashen waje da manufofin a cikin shekaru 1953-1964. na m bi na Soviet jagoranci kafa gurguzanci. Duk da haka, tasirin da "narke" ya jagoranci tafiyar matakai na dimokuradiyya da de-Stalinization a wasu m kasashen. Fara bayyana baraka tsakanin kasashen. Sun kasance mafi yawa alaka da tashi daga Tarayyar Soviet daga kafa akida, da kuma bude ta kutse a cikin harkokin na sauran jihohi. A tsakiyar watan Yuni 1953 a Gabas Berlin fara wasa domin daidaituwa na Jamus. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1956 da zanga-zangar da aka gudanar a Poland. Ga ma'aikata yajin aiki, m da kifar da gwamnatin kwaminisanci. A sakamakon haka, kasar sabon shugabanci. A watan Oktoba 1956 an tawaye ya barke a Hungary. A karkashin matsin lamba daga masu zanga-gurguzu sojojin na jihar jagoranci ta sanar da janyewa daga cikin ATM. Duk da haka, a farkon watan Nuwamba zuwa Soviet sojojin da aka gabatar, wanda mur da Hungarian tawaye.

A kasashen waje da manufofin da Tarayyar Soviet a 1953-1964 gg. Yana nuna haka sadaukar da shugabanci don kula a jihohin Kudu maso gabas da Turai ta Tsakiya model na gurguzanci.