A mafi karami barbashi ne electrically tsaka tsaki sinadari: abun da ke ciki, tsarin, Properties

Duk duniya, daga zurfin na duniya da kuma ga m sarari, shi kunshi wani iyaka yawan abubuwa, wanda kowannensu yana da kayan. Masana kimiyya yi imani cewa al'amarin ba za a iya halakar ko haifar, shi ne iyaka da kuma har abada. Motion ne daya daga cikin halaye inherently alaka al'amarin. Wannan ba kawai a sarari hijirar na jikinsu da kansu, amma kuma canza su da jihohin, Properties, da sauransu.

Al'amarin da tsarin

Space da kuma lokacin an dauke su da wani nau'i na kasancewa ga kome. Daya daga cikin manyan al'amurra na da kaddarorin ne da ikon da za a nuna a cikin zukatan mutane.

A kimiyya a yau suna bin matakan da al'amarin kuma ta tsarin:

• na farko barbashi.
• atoms.
• kwayoyin.
• filin.
• macroscopic jiki;
• Sashen tsarin.
• duniya.
• taurãri.
• galaxy.
• tsarin na taurari;
• kaunun.
• kaunun tsarin.

All abu tsarin hada da rai al'amari, watau daban-daban kwayoyin wanda, sabanin wasu, suna iya haifa. A irin ginin block ga al'amarin ne na farko barbashi. Wannan na iya zama mafi karami barbashi ne electrically tsaka tsaki sinadari cewa yana da wani musamman cajin.

na farko barbashi

All na farko barbashi, wanda shi ne bude a lokacin, akwai game da ɗari uku. Idan barbashi yana da wani cajin, akwai dole ne wanzu wani antiparticle. An togiya ne karami barbashi ne electrically tsaka tsaki sinadari.

Dukan su kasu kashi:

• hadrons, wanda suke da hannu a duk interactions, sun kasu kashi baryons (nucleons da hyperons) da kuma mesons.
• leptons da hannu a duk interactions fãce da karfi (tsakanin wanda akwai electrons, neutrinos da muons).

Kawai photons ba su kasance a wani daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyi.

A division da aka sanya dangane da muhimman hakkokin interactions, waxanda suke da karfi ko rauni, electromagnetic da gravitational. Strong hulda ne yafi electromagnetic (daya sau ɗari). Sakamako a cikin musamman takaice nisa - 10ˉ¹⁵ mita. Hakika, da rauni electromagnetic da yawa kasa, amma mafi girma daga gravitational sau da yawa.

Tsari da kuma kwanciyar hankali Properties

Clear Lines wanda yana da karami barbashi ne electrically tsaka tsaki sinadari da sauran na farko barbashi, ba. Alal misali, an san cewa suna da wani hadadden tsarin, wanda ya hada da abin da ake kira quarks.

Idan muka yi la'akari da kaddarorin da lokaci, da barbashi nuna su barga ko m. Daga cikin na farko zuwa tsaya photons, muon da electron neutrinos, protons da electrons da su antiparticles. Sauran firamare barbashi iya lalata tsakanin 10³ for neutrons abin da suke a wani free jihar, to 10ˉ²²-10ˉ²⁴ ga waɗanda barbashi kira resonances.

Electrons, protons da neutrons

Elementary gaɓũɓuwa, wanda wani bangare ne na jiki da abubuwa, da ake kira electrons, protons da neutrons.

Tsohon da barga korau cajin da taro 9 * 10ˉ³¹ kilo. Su leptons, kamar yadda da hannu a dukkan amma karfi interactions. Protons ma da barga Properties, amma su taro ne mafi girma daga e, a 1836. Yana baryon daga tsakiya daga cikin haske isotope na hydrogen zarra. Neutrons kamar yadda sunan ya ɗauka - shi ne tsaka tsaki barbashi tare da wani taro a sama a proton. Yana kuma baryons. Su ne m, kuma suna da wani rai expectancy na har zuwa goma sha shida minti. Protons da neutrons samar da nuclei na kwayoyin halitta.

A abun da ke ciki na zarra

A mafi karami barbashi ne electrically tsaka tsaki sinadari ne ake kira zarra. A cikin hedkwatarsu da da zuciyar, wanda shi ne kusan dukan taro. A tsakiya ne gaskiya ma caje kamar yadda yana a cikin abun da ke ciki ne kawai protons da neutrons. Yawan protons za a iya ƙaddara da yawan kashi da kuma lokaci-lokaci Table: adadin su yi daidai da serial number.

Motsi electrons a kusa da tsakiya, da yawan abin da yake da wannan matsayin cewa daga cikin proton. The karami electrically tsaka tsaki barbashi iya taimakawa da electrons ko, conversely, don hašawa su. Dangane da wannan zarra yakan mallaki wani korau ko tabbatacce cajin. Chemical Properties aka nuna dangane da yawan electrons wanda za a iya shirya daga core a daban-daban nisa da matsawa in daban-daban falakinsu, tare da daban-daban gudu, kuzari.

Schematic tsaka tsaki na farko barbashi ba za a iya graphically bayyana. Lissafin kimiyya yau tunanin zarra a matsayin wani nauyi tsakiya tare da electrons a kusa da wani m girgije. Ba shi yiwuwa domin sanin wurin da electron, kamar yadda babu wani da ya dace kayan aiki, amma kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa sun nuna biyu kalaman Properties.

Saboda jimla makanikai, an tabbatar da cewa kowane lantarki tsaka tsaki na farko barbashi iya zama har zuwa dama kungiyoyin na electrons da haifar da lantarki mai siffar zobe harsashi, matsakaicin yawan abin da yake da bakwai.

Kunna don mai zurfi, da electron fitarda wani photon - photon. Kowane electron, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya jũya a kan ta axis. A dukiya da aka kira "juya." An yi imani da cewa wannan kudi ne m, shi ba zai iya a kowace hanya canji.

mai tarin kwayoyin halitta

Yadda aka electrically tsaka tsaki barbashi an yi karatu tare da taimakon bakan. A zarra fitarda ko garwaya da haske Lines. Wannan shi ne zai yiwu saboda makamashi da cewa daukan hankali dabi'u m atomic jihohi da kuma canje-canje a cikin jimla a mulki.

A jam'i na kwayoyin halitta da ciwon guda cajin zama sinadari. Yau an san na 107, da kuma 19 da aka asali samu ta hanyar wucin gadi wajen, kuma amma sai bude a yanayi.

Tsakiya da ciwon nauyi, ne m, sabili da haka americium wadannan sinadaran abubuwa samu kawai a nukiliya halayen.

Lokacin da daya barbashi ne electrically tsaka tsaki sinadari haɗa zuwa wasu (yawan kwayoyin halitta a lokaci guda zai iya total har zuwa dubu biyu), shi Forms wani kwayoyin wanda shi ne mafi karami barbashi abu da duk da sinadaran Properties. Amma shi ke da wani topic for wani labarin.