Hoofed dabba bace Elk (Latin sunan Alces alces) shi ne mafi girma jinsunan Oleneva iyali. Elk talakawan girma kai biyu da rabi mita, da kuma nauyi - saba'in da biyar da ɗari kilo. Wani lokaci maza samun fiye da 650 kg. Wannan dabba yana da wani sub-jinsuna: Kanad, Turai, Asiya. Su bambance-bambance ne bai isa a kula, sai dai cewa Far Eastern Elk da dama karami fiye da takwarorinsu. Kila, da yawa namun daji, masu goyon baya da abin ya shafa tare da tambaya: "abin da ya ci muz? Musamman ma a cikin hunturu a cikin dazuzzuka? "Bayan duk, a cikin matsananci Siberian hunturu ne da wuya a samu makiyaya. Bari mu yi kokarin amsa wannan tambaya.
A fannin rarraba
A Rasha, da muz ake samu a cikin halitta yankunan tundra, taiga, gauraye da deciduous gandun daji. Su za a iya gani ko da a cikin hamada da kuma Semi-hamada, amma a cikin ƙasa na Elk, ba shakka, tafi kawai domin a yayin da ya kubuta daga wani musamman matsananci winters. Muz ayan fi son dausayi gandun daji, kogin kwaruruka, lush ravines da ravines. Daga cikin ƙasa, kuma mazauninsu ya dogara da abin da ya ci Elk. Alal misali, a cikin gandun daji, da waɗannan dabbobi suna rike riverbanks, inda suka ci Willow reshe, amma ba ƙyãmar, da kuma na cikin ruwa ciyayi. A tundra su abinci zama gansakuka da lichen, ganye da kuma namomin kaza. A cikin matakan da suka rage cin abinci kunshi ciyawa. Mafi kamar Prongs coniferous, deciduous da kuma gauraye gandun daji. Akwai muz sami mafi kyau abinci a cikin nau'i na matasa harbe da kuma ganye. By sun fi mayar dogara a kan abinci da kuma alheri da matasa. Idan maraƙi aka haifa a lokacin rani da kuma ciyar da farko watanni ransa a cikin dazuzzuka, sa'an nan a gaban hunturu ya ke samun nauyi fiye da daya quintal.
Abin da ya ci Elk a cikin dazuzzuka?
Idan ya zo ga gandun daji, da Elk ne a lokacin rani da magariba salon. Gaskiyar cewa wadannan babbar dabbobi ne tsorata su mutuwa na kankanin kwari - midges. Daga bloodsuckers suna da ceto a cikin swamps ko tabkuna: a ranar ne har zuwa wuyõyinsu a cikin laka, ko ruwa, tabkuna da koguna, da kuma kawai fito da dare su kuje. Domin boye daga midges cikin ƙaho dabbobi neman kyau share, hawa zuwa cikin matasa harbe na spruce ko lokacin farin ciki undergrowth. Don tserewa midges, Elk a cikin gandun daji daga ƙunci ga dama kilomita. Muz girma iyo - shawo biyu-kilometer ruwa cikas ga su ba matsala. Idan kusa da wani kogi ko tafki, Elk ciyar akwai zafi hours, pinching bakin teku shuke-shuke. Ikon Elk hada da algae. A wannan Elk iya rike su numfashin zuwa daya ko biyu minti samu dace abinci. Af, don samun bugu, Elk da samun up a kan gwiwoyi. Too dogon gaban kafafu da kuma gajeren wuyansa hana shi don isa ruwa.
gishiri yunwa
Kila, ganye, Pine needles, haushi da twigs ba da cikakken saduwa da bukatun wadannan manyan zata tsage-hoofed dabbobi a gina jiki. Tun da shi ne a wani daji dabba, shi dole kanta nemi tushen gishiri. Ba tare da shi, dabba ne m. A lokacin rani, muz fito daga cikin kurmi kuma nemi gishiri licks. Akwai, suka lasa ƙasa, saturating jiki tare da wannan ma'adinai. A cikin hunturu, samun damar zuwa mafi girma a babbar hanya a search na gishiri Prongs, da sanin daga gwaninta cewa image yana zama wani bayani da kiwon lafiya a gaban daɓen. Don hana zirga-zirga hatsarori, foresters, da sanin abin da ya ci Elk, gauraye cikin abinci lu'ulu'u ko hagu daga cikin kurmi matsa cubes.
Naman kaza rage cin abinci
Bayan gishiri, babbar cervids rasa namomin kaza. Saboda haka, bayan wani ruwan sama dumi, ko da farko na kaka Elk tafi a search na wadannan gandun daji kayayyakin. Musamman kamar Prongs soso namomin kaza - Mokhovikov, boletus, fari. Manya tuna da wuri da kuma ziyarci da arziki akwai daga lokaci zuwa lokaci domin wani sabon amfanin gona. Kafiri amma gaskiya: muz cin amanita! Kuma abin mamaki shi ne ba cewa sosai gaskiya, da kuma cewa fungal gubobi ba zai iya aiki a kan wadannan dabbobi. A muz zana bitamin daga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Su kuje rassan cranberries, blueberries, raspberries da blackberries. Farga da cewa bukatar Stock sama da kitsen da farko na sanyi weather, muz ciyar nauyi a lokacin rani. A lokacin warmer adult mutum ya ci talatin da biyar kilo feed, alhãli kuwa a cikin hunturu - kawai 12-15.
yanayi kayayyakin
Summer ga herbivores - wani sosai albarka lokaci. Ko da a cikin tundra za ka iya samun dama lichens da kuma mosses, twigs rarrafe shuka (Dwarf Birch kuma Willow). A taiga abinci ko fiye. Clearings da hadayu na yankunan Prongs saukin samu zobo da kuma Cyprus, high ciyawa da kuma matasa harbe, raspberries da blackberries. A progrevshihsya kududdufai girma ruwa furannin bi-rana da kuma Potbelly, da kuma a kan bankunan - marigold, watch, horsetails. Amma tun Satumba da foliage fara fatsifatsi kuma fada kashe. Canza abinci da kuma Elk. Prongs matsawa a kan twigs na Bishiyoyi, auku ganye, kuma da Nuwamba da suka hada da a cikin menu da haushi. Abin da ya ci Elk hunturu? A wannan lokaci da wuya, feed herbivores ne yafi rassan da haushi. A nan, wata babbar karuwa a muz zama cetonsa. The dabba iya isa rassan, to wanda ba zai iya isa barewa. Amma da Elk ba ya bar fãtan su tashi zuwa makiyaya.
Wannan cin Elk a cikin hunturu?
Amsar wannan tambaya dogara da mazauninsu na dabbobi. Ina snow cover ne low (har zuwa rabin) da kuma hali na m hunturu thaws, muz rayuwa mazauna gida. Daga cikin iska da kuma sanyi, suka nemi mafaka a cikin m coniferous gandun daji. Bayan duk, akwai ba kawai wani hadari Haven amma kuma Yã isa zama adadin abinci. Favorite hunturu abinci Elk a cikin gandun daji Asia ne Pine da spruce, kuma a Canada da kuma Alaska - fir. A Turai na Rasha, Scandinavia, kazalika a Belarus, Poland da Ukraine Polesie muz, fãce coniferous dungu, da cin twigs na Willow, dutsen ash, Aspen, Birch. Daga cikin bushes suka fi son raspberries, blackberries tun da hunturu a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara faduwa. Lokacin da narke fara, muz gnaw da haushi. A cikin yunwa hunturu Elk ba tare da wani gidaje ziyarci plantations kuma kore gandun daji.
tilasta nomad
A waɗannan wurare inda dusar ƙanƙara zurfin kai fiye da rabin mita, da muz yi ƙaura zuwa warmer yankunan, don haka da cewa a cikin hali na glaciation rassan su iya shebur makiyaya. Yawo dabbobi fara tun kafin farko na hunturu a watan Oktoba. Garken gina tsananin bisa ga matsayi. Gaba bi waɗanda mãtã da cewa suna da matasa. Saboda haka, majiya karfi suna bayar da tukuna untouched makiyaya. Short Story maza da wata mace ba tare da kwiyakwiyanta. A ranar da na shanu gudanar game da goma kilomita. Spring perekochovki faruwa a lokacin snowmelt a baya domin: na farko ne adult maza, da karshen - mace da maruƙa. The abinci a wannan lokaci - wancan ne abin da ya ci Elk a cikin dazuzzuka kullum. Prongs tono daga cikin dusar ƙanƙara Evergreen Sprigs na cranberries da kuma blueberries, gnaw da haushi ko ci Pine kafafu.
Mene ne stoyby?
Isa a wurin wintering muz fara sauka. A bambanci ga bazara dabbõbin Elk hunturu kawai a lokacin hasken rana hours. Don isa babban rassan, kuma m samun cewa ci Elk a cikin dazuzzuka dukan garke tare bayar da taimakon da dusar ƙanƙara a kan gaba site na ciyar. Wadannan hunturu makiyaya foresters kira "stoybami". Suna iya kuje 'yan dozin dabbobi a lokaci daya. Amma a wuraren lozhek (dare) muz sassauta snow. Lokacin da sau samun tukuru sanyi, Prongs binne shi a snowdrifts, a Fluffy bargo, daga abin da protrude kawai Kakakin kuma bushe. Garken nã zãɓen dare leeward gangara, ravines, gullies. Don goyi bayan Elk a wuya lokacin, foresters bar zurfin ƙunci komin dabbobi da hay, gauraye da gishiri.
spring hijirarsa
Lokacin da hasken rana qara muhimmanci, muz fara komawa zuwa ga bazara ciyar da filaye. Led by gogaggen mace garke aka gina a cikin sabuwar doka. A wannan lokaci, na farko jere na maza, da kuma girma matasa - bi. A muz ci a cikin bazara? Wadanda shuke-shuke, wanda su ne na farko kore. Sun needles - wani tushen bitamin C. A fi so spring bi domin Elk ne catkins na Birch kuma alder, Willow harbe. Muz tafi sannu a hankali, jiran a kan hanya wadannan da Bloom buds, kuma ƙyanƙyashe ciyawa. Wadannan dabbobi ne m kekunan, amma ba na son wani Gudu. Idan suna farmaki, suka ko dai fi son su kare, ko a je daga mafi kyau-sayar da korarsu talking trot. Za mu iya cewa muz ne mafi resistant zuwa sanyi fiye da zuwa zafi. M gashi mugun tabbatar thermoregulation na jiki. Mayu - mafi m lokaci domin Elk. Sa'an nan blooms Willow-ganye (Epilobium), Willow rassan zuba ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma samar da sabon ganye, akwai wani zobo, da kuma bitamin-arziki Leek. Elk ƙãra wani so ba kawai don Amanita, amma kuma m shuke-shuke. Ya ci buttercups, Lily na kwari, celastraceae, hankaka idanu da kuma wolfish haushi. Domin da kiwon lafiya na dabba bukata tannins dauke a cikin bawo (musamman Rowan, Aspen da Willow), da kuma turpentine, wanda dabbobi samu daga needles na Juniper kuma Pine.